英语国家概况

.,ChapterOne,Geography,PeopleandLanguage,.,Contents,.,IGeography,1.GeographicalFeature2.Climate3.MajorCities,.,MapoftheUK,Readthemaptofind:AtlanticOceanNorthSeaIrishSeaTheEnglishChannel(TheChannelTunnel)TheRepublicofIreland,.,Geography,TheofficialtitleoftheUKtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandTheUKismadeupof:GreatBritain(theformerlyseparateEnglandandScotland,andWales.)NorthernIrelandNumeroussmallerislands,TitleandMakeupoftheUK,.,Locationandterritory,LocationoftheUK:Themainlandareasliebetweenlatitudes49Nand61Nandlongitudes8Wto2ETotalterritory:242,910squarekilometersInterestingFact:NooneintheUKlivesmorethan120km(75miles)fromthesea.,.,Topography,NorthernIreland:Itsmostlyhilly.,Wales:Itsmostlymountainous.SouthWalesislessmountainousthanNorthandMidWales.,Scotland:Itsgeographyisvaried,withlowlandsinthesouthandeastandhighlandsinthenorthandwest.,England:itconsistsoflowlandterrain,withsomemountainousterraininthenorth-west,northandsouth-west.,BenNevisinScotlandthehighestpointinUK,.,RiversandLakes,Thelongestriver:SevernRiver(354kilometerslong)Thesecondlongestriver:Thames(332kilometerslong)ThelargestLake:LoughNeagh,Thames,.,LakeDistrict,.,Lakepoets,IWanderedLonelyasaCloud-WilliamWordsworthIwanderedlonelyasacloudThatfloatsonhighoervalesandhills,WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.ContinuousasthestarsthatshineAndtwinkleonthemilkyway,Theystretchedinnever-endinglineAlongthemarginofabay:TenthousandsawIataglance,Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.,.,Lakepoets,Thewavesbesidethemdanced;buttheyOut-didthesparklingwavesinglee:Apoetcouldnotbutbegay,Insuchajocundcompany:Igazed-andgazed-butlittlethoughtWhatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:Foroft,whenonmycouchIlieInvacantorinpensivemood,TheyflashuponthatinwardeyeWhichistheblissofsolitude;Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,Anddanceswiththedaffodils.,.,2.Climate,Maincharacteristics:Temperate,withwarmsummers,coldwintersandplentyrainfallThreemajorfeatures:WinterfogRainydaysInstability/changeability,.,3.MajorCitiesLondon,TheRiverThames,thecapitalofEnglandandofGreatBritainthepoliticalcenteroftheCommonwealthamajorportoneoftheworldsleadingbankingandfinancialcenters.,.,Landmarks,GeoffreyChaucer,.,3.ModernEnglish(15th),TheprintingpressbroughtstandardizationofEnglishSamuelJohnsonsdictionaryestablishedastandardformofspellingRenaissanceassimilatedforeignwordsthroughouttheRenaissanceTheIndustrialRevolutionnecessitatedtheintroductionofnewwordsfornewthingsandideasTheriseoftheBritishEmpireortheCommonwealthofNationsledtotheassimilationofwordsfrommanyotherlanguages,.,Othello,byWilliamShakespeare1603La:Thointhetradeofwarre,Ihaueflainemen,YetdoeIholditveryftuftofConfcience.Todoenocontriudmurrher;IlackeiniquitySometimestodoeferuice:nineortentimes,Ihadthoughttohaueierkdhimhere,Vndertheribbes.Oth.:Tisbetterasitis.Whichcanbetranslatedas:La:ThoughinthetradeofwarIhaveslainman,YetdoIholditverystuffotheconscience.Todonocontrivedmurder:IlackiniquitySometimestodomeservice:nineortemtimesIhadthoughttohaveyerkdhimhereundertheribs.Othello:Tisbetterasitis.,Shakespeare,.,4.StandardEnglish,basedonthespeechoftheupperclassofsoutheasternEngland