定语从句复习课件经典

定语,什么是定语？定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“的”表示。单词作定语一般前置,句子或短语作定语则必须后置.句子作定语则叫定语从句.ablueseaahandsomeboy,定语从句的位置:1.紧跟在先行词的后面:YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.IhavefoundthebookwhichIlost.IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudied.,2.定语从句后移/分隔式定语从句,Helaughsbestwholaughslast.HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhocomesfromQingdao.,3.as引导的定语从句可前移Asyouallknow,theearthisround.,定语从句,Jointhefollowingsentences:1.Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.,amachine,themachine,amachine,that/which,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,that/which代指先行词machine。,2.ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.ThegirlisMary.ThegirlisMary.,wesawheryesterday,who/thatwesawyesterday,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指，who/that代指先行词thegirl。,1.Thecarwhichmyunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.2.ThisisthecitywhereIwasborn.定义：修饰名词或代词的从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。关系词/连接词：连接主句和定语从句的连词。引导定语从句的连接词，一定要在从句中充当成分。,定语从句:,关系代词(作主语/宾语/表语):1.who/whom(that)2.which(that)3.that不能放在介词的后面4.whose=ofwhich或ofwhom5.as关系副词(作状语):1.where=介词+which2.when=介词+which3.why=for+which,4.way的特殊用法theway,helives.thathelives.inwhichhelives.,关系词的作用:1)连接；2)代替先行词；3)在定从中作成分。,一、关系代词,1.Thenumberofpeople_losthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.A.whoB.whichC.whereD.when,A,1.who,作定从的主语/宾语指人作主语时不可省略指代先行词,2.Theboy_wesawyesterdaywasJohnsbrother.A.whomB./C.whichD.when,AB,2.whom,作定从的宾语指人可省略指代先行词,3.Spielbergwonaprizeforashortfilm_hemade.A.whichB.whoC./D.where,AC,3.which,作定从的主语或宾语指物作宾语可省略指代先行词,4.Itsaboutabigshark_attacksswimmers_arespendingtheirholidaysinasmallvillage.A.whereB.whoC.thatD.whichE./,4.that,作定从的主语或宾语指物或人作宾语可省略指代先行词,CD,BC,5.Spielberg,_motherwasamusicteacher,wasbornin1946.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.that,C,5.whose,作定从的定语指物或人不可省略指代先行词=sbs/sths,Ioncelivedinahouse_wasbroken.A.whoseroofB.whichroofC.ofwhichtheroofD.theroofofwhich,ACD,5.whosenofwhich/whomthe+n=the+n+ofwhich/whom,她父母不想把女儿嫁给一个家境贫穷的男人。,Herparentsdontwanttomarrytheirdaughtertoaman_ispoor.,whosefamily,=thefamilyofwhom,=ofwhomthefamily,theroofofthehouse,关系副词和定语从句,Istillremembertheday.,=when,(1),(2),ontheday,Icamehere,=onwhich,我仍然记得（我来到这里的）那天。,(1)我仍然记得这天。(2)在这天我来到这里。,1.Doyouknowthedate_Lincolnwasborn?A.whichB.onwhichC.whenD.where,1.when,BC,作定从的时间状语指时间,在从句中表示在.时间=in/on.+which先行词为时间名词,Thisisthehouse.lastyear.,=inwhich=where,Ilived,inthehouse,(1),(2),就是这所（我去年住过的）房子。,(1)就是这所房子。(2)我去年在这所房子住过。,2.Thefarm_wepickedcottonwas90kilometersaway.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.onwhich,BD,2.where,作定从的地点状语指地点,在从句中表示在.地点=in/on.+which先行词为地点名词(situation,business,case,point,surroundings,environment,scene等为地点概念的名词),Hegaveareason.,=forwhich=why,(1),(2),forthereason.,peoplelikemusic,(1)他给了一个原因(2)因为这个原因人们喜欢音乐。,他给了一个（人们喜欢音乐的）原因。,3.Idontknowthereason_helooksunhappy.A.thatB.whyC.forwhichD./,BC,3.why,作定从的原因状语指原因,在从句中表示因为.原因=forwhich先行词为reason,Idisapprovethereasons_hecameupwith.A.thatB.whyC.forwhichD./,AD,因此先行词虽然为reason,但如果连接词在从句中作主语或者宾语,则只能用that/which,4.以way为先行词的定语从句问题。Idontliketheway_hetalkedtohismother.Idontliketheway_hechosetodoit.A.thatB.inwhichC./D.how,ABC,AC,way方式，方法,1.连接词如果在从句中作状语时,用that或者inwhich且可以略。2.连接词如果在从句作主语或宾语，用that或which,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,解题方法和技巧,1.首先是确定关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中作什么成分。若是作主语、宾语，则在关系代词中选择。若是作状语，则在关系副词中选择。2.其次是看先行词是人还是物；是时间、地点还是reason,way。,1.ShelookedatJeff_waswavinghisarms.2.Thegirl_legwasbrokenintheearthquakewastakentohospital.3.Andthereshesawawallofwater_wasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which,1、判断关系词在定从中的成分是关键；2、再看先行词。,AB,C,BD,定语从句使用中的特殊情况,一、只能用that的情况：1.先行词既有物又有人时。Hespokeofthepersonsandthingsthathehadseenabroad.2.先行词是something,anything,all,nothing等不定代词时。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?3.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时或者被,all,thevery,theonly,thejust修饰时。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.,二、不用that的情况：1.介词后禁用关系词that。Iheardoftheman,aboutwhomhetalked.2.非限制性定语从句。Shewaslateagain,whichmademeunhappy.,定语从句使用中的特殊情况,aboutthat(X),that(X),三,介词关系代词的问题。,介词+关系代词的情况1,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,介词+关系代词的情况1,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,介词+关系代词的情况1,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,介词+关系代词的情况1,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,介词+关系代词的情况1,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,介词+关系代词的情况1,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,可见,who、that不能用与介词之后,介词+关系代词的情况2,Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况3,Helivesinalonelyvillage.Atthebackofitisahill.,Helivesinalovelyvillage,atthebackof_isahill.,Hehasthreesisters.Allofthemareabroad.,Hehasthreesisters,allof_areabroad.,which,whom,Jointhefollowingsentences:,介词+关系代词的情况,Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,3.固定动词或介词短语搭配,1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.,onwhich,forwhich,fromwhich,aboutwhich,throughwhich,underwhich,ofwhich,fromwhich,towhom,ofwhich,介词+关系代词的情况练习,IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.Idontlikethewaythatyouspeak.,ontheday=onwhich=when,inthehouse=inwhich=where,forthereasons=forwhich=why,intheway=that=inwhich,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,介词关系代词的问题。1.ofwhich/whom结构很多时候表示“其中Class14has75students,ofwhom35studentsaregirls.=35studentsofwhomaregirls.2.when/why/where很多时候可转换为介词+关系代词。ThisisthehousewhereIlive.Everyoneknowsthereasonwhyhesucceeded.IrememberthedaywhenIvisitedthetemple.,inwhich,forwhich,onwhich,Onherbirthday,shereceivedfromherparentsanicepresent_anotewasattached,_“Weloveyousomuch”.A.that,sayingB.towhich,sayingC.towhich,saidD.inwhich,said,Alecaskedthepoliceman_heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.WithhimB.whoC.withwhomD.whom,1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.,when,(which/that),where,(which/that),why,(that/which),几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,inwhich,inwhich,forwhich,非限制性定语从句,1。which引导的非限制性定语从句：此时无论它在从句中充当什么成分它都不能省约，也不能换为that1)和主句之间的关系不密切，只起附加说明作用：Wealllikethebook,whichwaswrittenbyLuXun.2)用来代替整个先行分句的内容。这时它所引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后：Bushwaselectedpresidentagain,whichmadeJimverysad.,一.引导非限制性定语从句的连接词who/whom/whose/which/where/when/why/as来引导,不能用that,二.as引导的非限制性定语从句,1.as具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词是固定的,如：asyouknow/see/planned/asweexpected/understand/think/believe也可以将它们用于被动结构中:asisknown/seen/planned/expected,Theearthisround._isknowntoall.Theearthisround,_isknowntoall._isknowntoall,theearthisround._isknowntoall_theearthisround._isknowntoallis_theearthisround.,It,which/as,As,It,定语从句在句首时只能用as,it为形式主语,that引导主语从句,that,What,that,what引导主语从句,that引导表语从句,2.as引导的非限制性定语从句,用于下列固定句型中,1).Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllike.2).Thisissointerestingabook_wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook_wealllikeit.,as,that,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句),这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句),as,3)Thisisthesamebook_Ihave.,3.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：1.which引导的从句只能放于逗号后面。2.as引导的从句可前可后，常用于asissaidabove（如上所述),asweknow（我们都知道),asiswellknown,asisoftenthecase（正如往常一样），asisreported,asweexpect等结构中，as含有“正如，正像”之意。,四.限定性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别:限定性定语从句用于修饰和限定先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切。它所修饰的词代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或东西。如果删去，则剩下的部分意思就会含糊不清。如：Thisisthemanwhogavemethemoney这就是给我钱的那个人。上句如删去从句whogavemethemoney，则成了Thisistheman（这是那个人。）完全失去了整个句子的意思，因而不能删掉,非限定性定语从句，在意义上，它是先行词的一个附加修饰语，是对先行词的进一步说明。如果删去它，不影响整个句子的基本意思。如：WangDong，whoisintheroom，wantstoaskyousomequestions王东，他在房间里，想问你几个问题。上述主句是WangDongwantstoaskyousomequestions，如果删去从句（whoisintheroom），并不影响整个句子基本意思的表达。,另外，在意思上，有时限定性和非限定性定语从句的区别还是较大的。如：Intheirclass，therearefifteenstudentswhocanspeakEnglishwell在他们班上有十五位英语说得好的学生。（可以看出他们班学生要多于十五位）Intheirclass，therearefifteenstudents，whocanspeakEnglishwell他们班上有十五位学生,他们英语说得很好。（可以看出他们班上共有十五名学生，他们英语口语都好。）,（限定性定语从句）,(非限定性定语从句）,插入成分,修饰限定,补充解释,能,不能,.的,能否省略,解题方法和技巧,1.首先是确定关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中作什么成分。若是作主语、宾语，则在关系代词中选择。若是作状语，则在关系副词中选择。2.其次是看先行词是人还是物；是时间、地点还是reason,way。,三.非限制性定语从句和单句的比较,2.Hefailedintheexam._madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_madehisparentsangry.,4.Hehastwosons.Bothof_areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof_areteachers.,This/It,which,themwhom,them,that,1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_isaninterestingbook.,which,whom,引导非限制性定语从句的连接词，一律不能省略,2.Hefailedintheexam;_madehisparentsangry.,this/it,1.Isthisthefactory_hisfathervisitedlastyear?2.Isthisthefactory_hisfatherworkedlastyear?A.whichB.thatC./D.whereE.inwhich,对比训练,ABC,DE,1.Iwillneverforgetthetime_Ispentwiththevillagers.2.Iwillneverforgetthetime_Istayedwiththevillagers.A.whichB.thatC./D.when,对比训练,ABC,D,1.Idontbelievethereason_hegaveforhisabsence.2.Idontbelievethereason_hewasabsent.A.whichB.thatC./D.whyE.forwhich,对比训练,ABC,DE,1.Itisthisshop_Iboughtallthesethings.2.Itisinthisshop_Iboughtallthesethings.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD./,对比训练,BC,A,1.Itwas1949_PRCwasfounded.2.Itwasin1949_PRCwasfounded.A.whenB.inwhichC.thatD.where,对比训练,A,C,1.All_Idoisforyou.2._Idoisforyou.A.thatB.whatC./D.which,对比训练,AC,B,what引导主语从句,在从句中作主语.what不能引导定语从句.,对比训练,1.Itissodifficultaquestion_noonecansolveit.2.Itissodifficultaquestion_noonecansolve.A.thatB.as1._isannounced,themeetingwasputoff.2._isannouncedthatthemeetingwasputoff.A.ItB.As,A,B,B,A,3.as和which引导定语从句的区别：1).which引导的从句只能放于逗号后面2).as引导的从句可前可后，常用于asissaidabove（如上所述),asweknow,asiswellknown,asisoftenthecase（正如往常一样),asisreported,asweexpect等结构中，as含有“正如，正像”之意。3).as还可以用语下列固定句型中:so/such/as/thesameas.,1.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,_shewantedtobe.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whichThefamousfootballstar,_triedtomakeagoal,succeeded.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who,D,本句中which指代先行词alawyer（律师身份).有逗号，不用that。,D,2.Theresultofthegamewasgood,_wehadntexpected.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what3._Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.A.WhenB.AfterC.AsD.Which,C,本句中which指代前面整句话的内容，译为“这”。有逗号，不用that。,本句中as指代后面整句话的内容，译为“正如.一样”。位于句首，不用which。,C,4.Ilikethesameprogramme_youlike.A.thatB.asC.whichD.when,B,本句中as指代先行词programme，因为先行词被thesame修饰，故选as。,as引导定语从句常与主句构成的thesame.as;as.as;such/so.as结构。,5._isreported,Tomwonthefirstprize.A.ItB.AsC.WhichD.That,B,本句中as指代后面Tomwonthefirstprize的事实。译为“正如所报道的那样”。位于居首，不用which。,as引导非限制性定语可位于居首。,五.定语从句的主谓一致：试对比：IboughtabookyesterdayItwasveryinterestingThebookwhichIboughtyesterday_veryinterestingIboughtsomebooksyesterdayTheywereveryinterestingThebookswhichIboughtyesterdayveryinteresting,定语从句中如果连接词作主语谓语动词的数应与连接词的数即先行词的数保持一致。,was,was,were,Heisoneofthestudentswho_praisedbytheteacher.Heisthe(only)oneofthestudentswho_praisedbytheteacher.,were,was,定语从句中如果连接词作主语谓语动词的数应与连接词的数即先行词的数保持一致。,1.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbook_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.thatB.whenC.whoD.which2.Canyoulendmethebook_theotherday?A.whichyoutalkedB.thatyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.youtalkedabout,A,D,3.Is_someAmericanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolwhereB.thisschooloneC.thistheschoolD.thisschool4.Illshowyouastore_youmaybuyall_youneed.A.that,thatB.which,thatC.where,whi