（包头专版）2020中考英语复习方案 第二篇 语法专题突破 专题08 动词的时态和语态课件

,专题(八)动词的时态和语态,第二篇语法专题突破,1动词的时态,考点一动词的各种形式,1.动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词,（续表）,（续表）,2.动词的过去式及过去分词的构成,（续表）,考点二常见6种时态的构成及用法,1.形容词的基本用法,（续表）,（续表）,（续表）,（续表）,（续表）,拓展过去将来时,过去完成时了解,（续表）,注意短暂性动词与时间段连用或用于howlong提问的问句中时,要转换成对应的延续性动词,常见的短暂性动词及其转换如下:arrivebeherebegin/startbeondiebedeadleavebeawaygooutbeoutfinish/endbeovergetupbeupputonwear/beonopenbeopenjoinbein/beamemberofclosebeclosedborrowkeepbuy/gethavecatch(acold)have(acold)marrybemarriedfallill/sick/asleepbeill/sick/asleep,2动词的语态,考点一被动语态的构成,被动语态的基本结构是“be+及物动词的过去分词”。与主动语态一样,被动语态也有各种时态变化,列表如下(以动词do为例):,注意(1)带双宾语的主动语态改为用其直接宾语(物)作主语的被动语态时,间接宾语(人)前必须加介词to或for。myfatherboughtmeacomputer.acomputerwasboughtformebymyfather.我父亲给我买了一台电脑。(2)有些感官动词和使役动词(hear,see,watch,notice,make,have等)在主动语态中作谓语时,其宾语补足语后的动词不定式省略to,但变成被动语态时,必须将to还原。thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.theworkersweremadetowork12hoursadaybytheboss.老板让工人们一天工作12个小时。,(3)主动语态变被动语态的方法,【巧学妙记】感官动词和使役动词:一感(feel);二听(hear,listento);三让(let,make,have);四看(see,watch,lookat,notice),考点二被动语态的用法,1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。riceisgrowninthesouthofchina.中国南方种水稻。2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者,而不是强调动作的执行者。chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.世界上越来越多的人讲汉语。,3.动作的发出者是某个事物。manyhouseswerewashedawayintheflood.在洪水中许多房子被冲走了。4.固定句型中常用的被动语态。如:itssaidthat(据说),itsreportedthat(据报道),itswell-knownthat(众所周知)等。,考点三主动形式表被动意义,1.look,smell,feel,taste等系动词用主动形式表被动意义。theclothfeelssoft.这布摸起来很软。thecaketastesdelicious.这蛋糕尝起来很美味。,2.need/require/want+doingsth.意为“需要”。thedoorneedsrepairing.这门需要修理。thewindowwantscleaning.这窗户需要清洁。3.某物+write/open/sell/wash/clean/cut/open+其他。该结构为主动形式,可表被动意义。thesebookssellwell.这些书卖得很好。theshopopenseveryday.这家店每天都营业。,4.不及物动词和动词短语,如:happen,takeplace,comeout,cometrue,runout等。atrafficaccidenthappenedlastnight.昨晚发生了一起交通事故。ifyouworkhard,yourdreamwillcometrue.如果你努力工作,你的梦想就会实现。,1.2019包头whatareyoudoingonsaturdaymorning?well,itsgoingtobesunny,soiapicnicwithmyfriend.a.haveb.hadc.havehadd.amhaving,d,|动词的时态|,2.2018包头hasyourdaughtercomebackfromaustralia?yes.shethereforthreeyears.a.hasstayedb.staysc.stayedd.hadstayed,c,3.2017包头canispeaktomrs.thomson?holdon,please.shedishesinthekitchen.a.washesb.haswashedc.washedd.iswashing,答案d解析考查动词时态。句意:“thomson夫人在吗?”“请等一下,她正在厨房洗碗。”根据句意可知,用现在进行时。故选d。,4.2017包头theprogramhashelpedoutthousandsofhomelesschildrensincethegovernmentit.a.startsb.hadstartedc.willstartd.started,答案d解析考查动词时态。句意:自从政府启动这个项目以来,这个项目帮助成千上万名无家可归的儿童摆脱了困境。主句是现在完成时,since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时态,故选d。,5.2016包头paul,doyouknowjennyfox?doiknowjenny?ihersinceshewasborn.a.knowb.knewc.hadknownd.haveknown,d,6.2016包头excuseme,isthereadoubleroomavailableatthemoment?iamnotsure,butjustaminute,iitforyou.a.checkb.wascheckingc.willcheckd.havechecked,答案c解析考查动词的时态。“justaminute”意味着check这个动作没有发生,应该使用一般将来时,答语句意:稍等一下,我(将)给您查一下。故选c。,7.2015包头imnotfinishedwithmydinneryet.butourfriendsforus.a.waitb.waitedc.arewaitingd.werewaiting8.2015包头whenyougethome,pleasecallmetoletusknowthatyousafely.a.wouldarriveb.havearrivedc.hadarrivedd.willarrive,c,b,9.2019包头一模jimmy,whereareyou?cometohelpmeinthekitchen.justaminute,mum.imybikeintheyard.a.repairb.repairedc.amrepairingd.haverepaired,c,10.2019青山二模doyounoticethatourcityinsucharapidwayinthelastfewyears?yes,itisbetterandbetter.a.hasdevelopedb.developedc.haddevelopedd.develops,a,1.2019包头whydidyouleavethatposition?iabetterpositioninherfactory.a.offerb.offeredc.amofferedd.wasoffered,|动词的语态|,d,2.2016包头改编soonmariaasafamilymemberbythechildreninthishouse.a.wasacceptingb.hasacceptedc.wasacceptedd.willaccept,c,3.2014包头itissaidthatana-shapedtowerinthecenterofthecitynextyear.a.buildsb.willbuildc.willbebuiltd.isbuilt,答案c解析考查一般将来时的被动语态。由“nextyear”可知用一般将来时,排除a、d;“ana-shapedtower”与“build”之间应为被动关系,结合这两个方面,需要使用一般将来时的被动语态,即“will+be+动词的过去分词”,故选c。,4.2013包头nobodylikes,soweshouldbekindtoeveryone.iagreewithyou.a.tolaughb.laughingatc.tobelaughedd.tobelaughedat,d,5.2019青山二模moreschoolsforthechildreninthepoorareas.icouldntagreemore.a.shouldbebuiltb.shouldbuildc.needtobuildd.needbuilt,a,6.2018包头一模改编anewschoolnearmyneighborhoodnextyear.a.isbuiltb.isgoingtobuildc.hasbeenbuiltd.willbebuilt,d,7.2018青山二模whatdoyouthinkofthelatesttvplayinthenameofpeople?itsverypopular.millionsoffamiliesbyitduringthattime.a.attractedb.areattractedc.wereattractedd.wereattracting,c,8.2017东河二模改编yourfatheriscrazyaboutsoccer,right?yes.heof