（山西专版）2020中考英语复习方案 第二篇 语法专题突破 专题07 动词和动词短语课件

,专题（七）动词和动词短语,第二篇语法专题突破,考点一行为动词行为动词分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)两类,能独立作句子的谓语。1.及物动词后面必须跟宾语才能完整地表达意思。(正)yesterdayiboughtabook.(误)yesterdayibought.2.不及物动词后面不跟宾语,句子的意思也完整。若不及物动词后要跟宾语,则动词与宾语之间需加介词或副词,构成动词短语。shecriedyesterday.她昨天哭了。pleaselistentotheteachercarefully.请认真听老师讲课。,3.延续性动词和非延续性动词。(1)延续性动词表示一种可持续的行为过程或状态,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用,如“for+一段时间”、“since+从句”、“since+表示时间点的名词”等。ihavelivedinbeijingfor13years.我在北京已经住了13年了。ihavebeenlikethissincefriday.从周五开始我就一直这样。(2)非延续性动词表示动作或过程是短暂瞬间完成的,不可以和表示时间段的状语连用。(误)ihaveboughtthebikeforthreeyears.(正)ihavehadthebikeforthreeyears.这辆自行车我买了三年了。,(3)常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。,考点二系动词系动词有be,seem,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,keep,become,get,turn,grow等。系动词不能单独作谓语,必须与表语一起使用,构成“系表结构”,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。表示状态的系动词一般没有进行时态。,考点三助动词助动词主要有be,do,does,did,have,has,had,will,would,shall,should等。助动词本身没有意义,不能单独作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。weareworkinghardinthegarden.我们正在花园里辛勤劳动。(be动词构成现在进行时)hedoesntlikeenglish.他不喜欢英语。(doesnt构成否定句)doyouliveinshanghai?你住在上海吗?(do构成一般疑问句)haveyoufinishedthework?你完成工作了吗?(have构成现在完成时)thehousewaspaintedpurple.房子被刷成了紫色。(be动词构成被动语态)iwillcallyouthisevening.今晚我会打电话给你。(will构成一般将来时),考点四情态动词初中阶段学过的情态动词有can/could,may/might,must,need,will/would,shall/should。情态动词有一定的含义,但不能单独使用,须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化,其否定形式一般是在情态动词后加not,其疑问形式是将情态动词提至主语前。,【归纳】情态动词表推测的用法:1.在肯定句中一般用must(一定),may/might(可能),could(也许;或许),其中must表推测的语气最强,其余依次减弱。2.在否定句中一般用cant(不可能)。3.在疑问句中用can/could(可能)。cantheredsweaterbetoms?这件红色的毛衣会是汤姆的吗?no,itcant.hecantstandred.不,不可能。他忍受不了红色。,考点五动词短语1.动词+副词:常见的有takeoff,writedown,handin,fixup等。这类动词短语的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。handinyourhomework.把你的作业交上来。2.动词+介词:常见的有askfor,careabout,lookfor,lookafter,laughat,hearof,leadto,waitfor等。dontlaughatthepeoplewhoareintrouble.不要嘲笑那些处于困境中的人。,3.动词+名词:常见的有havefun,playsports,takeplace等。这类动词短语相当于不及物动词。thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.这个故事发生在三年前。4.动词+副词+介词:常见的有lookdownupon,goonwith,addupto,catchupwith,dowellin,runoutof等。studyhard,andyouwillcatchupwithyourclassmates.努力学习,你就会赶上你的同学。5.动词+名词+介词:常见的有takecareof,payattentionto等。sheoftentakescareofheryoungersister.她经常照顾她的妹妹。,|动词|1.2019山西parentsshouldletchildrenhomeandfindmoreabouttheworld.afterallbirdsshouldflyfreelyinthesky.a.leaveb.enterc.reach2.2018山西ifastudentisabletosomebodyelsewhatheslearntfromtextbooks,itshowshesunderstooditwell.a.postb.lendc.teach,语法综合演练,a,c,3.2016山西inourlife,weneedtothosepeoplewhohelpus,suchasourparents,teachersandfriends.a.thankb.remindc.teach4.2015山西thedrivershavetothetrafficrulesandcontrolthemselvesiftheywanttobesafeontheroad.a.followb.breakc.make,语法综合演练,a,a,5.2016山西manypeopleplaywithmobilephonesalldayinsteadofreadingbooks.thatstoobad.everyonebeabooklover.readingismoreenjoyable.a.mayb.shouldc.would6.2015山西readingalargenumberofbooksmakeuswiser.themoreweread,themoreweknow.a.canb.wouldc.need,语法综合演练,b,a,7.2014山西duringtheworldcup,alargenumberofsoccerfansflytobrazil.ithasagreatplaceforfanstohavefun.a.madeb.keptc.become,语法综合演练,c,|动词短语|1.2019山西fightingforyourdreamsislikeclimbingamountain.whateverdifficultiesyoumeet,dont.justmoveon.a.setoffb.comeoutc.giveup2.2018山西nowadayschinahasmadegreatachievementsinmanyfields.wereallyouramazingchina.a.takeprideinb.takecareofc.takeaninterestin,语法综合演练,c,a,3.2017山西whengoingupstairsordownstairs,weneedtowalkontheright,leavingtheleftspaceforth