定语从句和长难句分析

从句和长难句分析高考英语试题中定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解2008-12-15 22:24:06 来源:网络 作者:佚名 【大 中 小】 点击：126 次 评论：次 1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _ high mountains. A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were 【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。 【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）： (1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _ some fruit shops. A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are (2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _ the city police station. A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are (3) Next month well move to a new building, next to _ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food. A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are 2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand” A. that B. which C. where D. what 【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？ 3. David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such that 句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。 【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such that (如此以至)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such that ，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him： David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like him. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 请再做以下试题（答案选D）： It was not such a good dinner _ she had promised us. A. like B. that C. which D. as 4. The buses, most of _ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. that B. it C. them D. which 【陷阱】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses。 【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D： (1) His house, for _ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000. A. that B. it C. them D. which (2) Ashdown forest, through _ well be driving, isnt a forest any longer. A. that B. it C. them D. which (3) This I did at nine oclock, after _ I sat reading the paper. A. that B. it C. them D. which 类似地，以下各题选 whom，不选 them： (4) George, with _ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person. A. that B. him C. them D. whom (5) Her sons, both of _ work abroad, will come back home this summer. A. that B. who C. them D. whom (6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _ were still university students. A. that B. who C. them D. whom 5. He had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding. A. whom B. them C. which D. who陷阱】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。 【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。比较： (1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that 答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的 carried out 为过去分词 (2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ were carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that 答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。 (3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _ were carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that 答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。 6. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that 【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。 【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题： (1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that 选B。whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语 were seated。 (2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _ parents were seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that 选A。因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。 (3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sitting together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that 选A。their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。 (4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sat together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that 选B。whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 sat。 (5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were sitting together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that 选B。whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 were sitting。 7. If the man is only interested in your looks, _ just shows how shallow he is. A. as B. which C. what D. that 【陷阱】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。 【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选 that，而不选 which： (1) If you promise to go with us, _ will be OK. A. as B. which C. and it D. that (2) If you want a double room, _ will cost another 15. A. as B. which C. what D. that (3) Whether you go or not, _ is quite all right with me. A. that B. which C. and it D. so (4) When I say two hours, _ includes time for eating. A. as B. which C. what D. That1.“How can we go outing in this kind of weather? ”Bob said, having looked out of the window.“这种天气我们怎么能出去郊游”Bob说时已经看着窗外。Having looked 是现在分词完成式当谓语动词与主语是主动关系且动作发生在谓语动词之前时 用现在分词2.They found that a physically fit population of a billion people would give off 1000 million tons less transportation-relaxed wastes a year than an overweight population would give off.他们研究发现，每十亿个身体健康的人所产生的传输废物比超重的人要少十亿顿。3.The heavier our bodies become , the harder and more unpleasant it is to move about in them , and the more dependent we become on our cars .我们的身体变得越重，身体内部就越难变动，变得越加难受，这样我们就变动越加依赖汽车了。4.One way to make sure you know the speech is to practice giving it many times before your actual presentation .一种方法就是在真正演讲之前多做练习。5.Mr. Fang will come to the party on Friday, which he promised to every one of us .本句式用which 引导一个非限定性定语从句。 Which指代前面一整句的内容。在从句中promised的宾语.6.a 17-year-old VS World record, steered his haltered sailboat into a southern .California harbor on Thursday the youngest person 40 sail around the world alone.7.Strangely it was the over popularity of the smiley face that caused Harry Ball to become concerned that the meaning of the smiley face was being used wrongly.很奇怪，真是由于那种笑脸受到的过度欢迎使Harry Ball 担忧笑脸的意义正在错误的被大家使用。解析：over popularity 过度受欢迎的 concerned 关心，挂念此句的谓语动词为 causedit is/ was .That强调句型（不能强调谓语动词）8.A study found keeping the mind busy with tasks, no matter how meaningless they may be , keeps negative emotions away .研究发现，使自己的思想一直忙于做一些事情，哪怕是一些毫无意义的事情，都能驱走的消极情绪。解析：研究发现任务使头脑保持繁忙就算它们没有意义也能使硝基漆的情绪离开keep .away 使离开meaningless 没有意义negative emotions 消极的情绪mind 大脑，理智found 为此句的谓语动词， no matter how 引导让步状语从句9. After they had completed the first they were made to wait for 15 minutes to receive the next one .当他们完成第一次后，他们将被等待15分钟去接收下一次（任务）.Wait for 等待receive接受，接收sb were made to (被动语态) 某人被迫做某事主动语态make sb do .10. They were given a choice of handing in the first survey either nearby or at a more distant place they had to walk to.他们上交第一次调查必须进行一个选择，要么到近的地方要么到更远的地方.Give a choice 进行选择either.Or.要么要么.Place 前省略了that .也可将that 用which 代替原句也可改成 a more distant place to which they had to walk .11. Some are like a shooting tar, disappearing from us quickly but giving off so much light that they can guide us to the correct direction.12. there are several tipsto use to over come the fear of making a mistake or looking foolish when you speak to a groupwhen 引导定语从句 因为you speak to a group 在句中作状语13. Harry Ball , an artist , was the man that created the smiley pace-the most recognized Symbol （象征）of good will and cheer on the planet, in 1963,strangely .it was the over popularity of the smiley face that caused Harry Ball to become concerned that the meaning of the smiley face was being used wrongly .分析：recognized：辨认出will 愿望cheer 欢呼popularity 受欢迎 concerned 担忧it that /was .that强调句型14. the world smile foundations slogan is “improving this world ,one smile at a time .15. no matter how meaningless they may be ,keeps negative emotions away.no matter how 让步状语从句16.“Governments may increase the happiness of idle citizens by having them build bridges that are actually useless”.17.after many years of studying and then listening to feedback from people who have read and used the information in his books. George discovered that there are three basic things people need in order to make eating healthy foods their regular way of eating.18. When I need a friend, you are there right by my side, I wish we could stay forever as one.19.What is more important is that bikes are available to every one of us. Which makes it easily to organize the outing?此句含有非限定性定语从句的主从复合句，在which引导的定语从句中 it 作为形式宾语代替动词不定式 to organize the outing20.later, I realize the importance of English , so I got up early every morning , recited English words listened to English tapes and did a lot of exercise 后来，我认识到英语的重要性，所以每天起床很早 听英语磁带 并且做了很多练习23Tom can work wonders on computer.翻译：汤姆在计算机方面可以创造奇迹。难点是对work一词的理解。这里，work 是及物动词，意思是“产生、造成” ，所以 work wonders 就是“创造奇迹 ”。24 I think its best to teach in a bigger city where there are other foreigners to mix with，rather than a small town where English teachers often complain of feeling like a gold fish in a bowl.结构分析：1）主句：I think . 我认为.2）宾语从句：its best to teach in a bigger city .，rather than a small town .（主语是不定式，it 是形式主语）最好在.大点儿的而不是小城市教书，3) 嵌套定语从句：* where there are other foreigners to mix with，有其他外国人结交的（大城市）* Where English teachers often complain of feeling like a gold fish