中考阅读理解之攻略

中考阅读理解之攻略2013年的钟声即将响起，对于初三的孩子们来说，中考也将翩然而至了。在英语中考试卷上，阅读理解所占的比分相对比较大，两分一题共30分。由此看出阅读理解在英语学习中的重要性。同学们也可以先了解一下中考阅读理解的命题趋向及其体裁类型。中考阅读理解的命题趋向一、中考阅读理解题选材的趣味性与时代感增强现阶段，我国中考阅读理解题的选材更加的科学、合理，具有一定的趣味性与时代感，主要有以下三种题型：第一、语句理解题，这一类型的问题主要是要求考生能够通过对全文的阅读，正确理解其中的某些语句或者是段落；第二、推理判断题，这一类型的问题主要是考察考生对全文主旨的掌握程度，能够通过对文章所要表达的观点以及隐含寓意等做正确分析，然后对问题进行科学、合理的判断；第三、文章细节方面的问题，这类型的题目就需要考生在阅读的过程中能够对其中暗示的一些重要问题进行详细分析，进行深层次的理解，并将这些重点语句与信息进行结合，便于作答相关问题。二、中考阅读理解题的体裁类型日益明确目前，我国中考阅读理解题的体裁类型已经日渐明确，主要有以下三种：即说明文、记叙文以及议论文。考生只要在平时的学习过程中熟练掌握这三种体裁阅读题解题的答题方法，就可以在中考时快速、准确的找到相应问题的答案。三、试题的难易度分布有序，比例合理中考阅读理解题的难易程度分布有序，出题者会根据不同段落、词句的具体要求来设计问题。一般情况下，有以下几种情况：1.拟标题这类题目要求考生选择一个适合文章的标题，测试考生领会文章或段落大意的能力。2.悟主旨一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。有的作者喜欢先做结论，常常把开头的一句话作为主题句。也有些作者喜欢后做结论，那么主题句则放在结尾。还有不少文章的中心思想贯穿在全文中，要弄清文章的中心思想，则须具备一定的归纳概括能力。3.推结论有些文章要求读者在理解全文的基础上，通过分析、推理、判断，得出结论。4.抓细节细节，是归纳、概括中心思想的基础。命题人往往要求考生细读文章后获取某些固定的信息，寻找细节。5.猜词义此类试题要求考生对没有学过的词，能通过上下文或文章中出现的同义词甚至是对文章通篇意思的理解去猜测。结合以上所讲的我们先来看看几篇中考题。例一（2012南通）Manyyearsago，IhadmyfirstchancetovisitRussia.“RussiansareaverypolitepeopIe，”Ihadbeentoldbeforemyarrival.Oneofmyfriendsexplainedthatagentlemanwillpourthelemonadefortheladiesandshowothergoodmanners.Towardtheendofmythree-weektrip，IwasinvitedbymyRussianfriendNicolaiVasilevichandhiswifeYulyaouttodinner.Attheendofawonderfulmeal，YulyaaskedifIwouldlikeabanana.Ipolitelydeclined（婉谢）andthankedher，andexplainedIwasmostsatisfiedwiththemeal.Butmymindwasracing：“WhatshouldIdo？ShouldIofferherabananathoughtheyareasclosetoherastheyaretome？Whatisthepolitethingtodo？”“Wouldyoulikeabanana？”IaskedYulya.“Yes，”shesmiled，butdidnttrytotakeanyofthethreebananasinthefruitbasket.“Whichonewouldyoulike？”Iaskedagain.“Thatone，”shepointedatoneofthebananas.SothinkingaboutRussianpoliteness，fpickedthebananaYulyahadpointedat.ThenIpeeledithalfwayandhandedittoher.SmilesonYulyasandNicolaisfacestoldmeIhaddonetherightthing.Alterthisexperience，IspentmuchtimelettingtheworldknowthatinRussia，thepolitethingwastopeelbananasforladies.However，sometimeduringmythirdtripilearnedIwaswrong.“Ohno，David，”aRussianpolitelycorrectedme.“InRussia，whenamanpeelsabananaforalady，itmeanshehasaromanticinterestinher.”Howembarrassed（尴尬）Ifelt.Sotocommunicateproperlywithpeopleofdifferentcultures，weshouldwatchcarefullyhowpeopleofthesameculturecommunicatewitheachother.Besides，dontbeafraidtoaskquestionsabouttheirculture.31.BeforehisfirstvisittoRussia，thewriterlearnedRussiangentlemenarepoliteto.A.foreignersB.strangersC.friendsD.women32.Theunderlinedword“peeled”inParagraph6means“”.A.tooktheskinoffsomethingB.putsomethinghackC.madesomethingcleanD.cutsomethingintwo33.Whichofthefollowingseemstobetrueaccordingtothepassage？A.Thewritersthirdtriplastedaboutthreeweeks.B.Russiangentlemenneverpeelbananasforladies.C.ThewritertriedtofollowRussiansbehaviorinRussia.D.YulyawaspleasedwiththewritersbehaviorbutNicolaiwasnt.34.Thewriterwrotethepassagemainlyto.A.showushowpoliteRussianpeopleareB.tellushisfunnyexperienceinRussiaC.askustocareaboutculturaldifferencesD.reminduswhatweshoulddoinRussia解析31.D本题为细节理解题。由第一段第三句“Oneofmyfriendsexplainedthatagentlemanwillpourthelemonadefortheladiesandshowothergoodmanners.”可知。32.A本题为词义猜测题。由第六段第三句“ThenIpeeledithalfwayandhandedittoher.”可知：我把香蕉剥了一半的皮递给她。33.C本题是综合理解题。阅读全文可知，为了表现出绅士风度，作者尽量地用俄罗斯的礼仪与别人交流。34.C本题是综合理解题。本文作者主要向我们描述了俄罗斯礼仪方面的知识，并提醒读者注意文化差异。例二（2012盐城）Saturdaymorningwasbrightandfresh.Therewasasongineveryheart，cheeroneveryface，andaspringineverystep.Tomappearedwithabucketofwhitepaintinonehandandabrushintheother.HisAuntPollytoldhimtopaintthefencearoundthegarden.Itwasthirtyyardslongandninefeethigh.Hefeltverydepressed.Thenhehadawonderfulidea.Hepickeduphisbrushandstartedtowork.SoonBencamealongtheroad.Hewashappilyeatinganapple.HestoppedtolookatTom.Tomwentonpaintingandpretended（假装）nottoseeBen.“Imgoingswimming，”saidBen.“Doyouwanttogoswimming，Tom？ButIguessyoucant.Youhavetostayandwork，dontyou？”“Work？”Tomsaid.“Thisisntwork.Imenjoyingmyself.Doesaboygetachancetopaintafencelikethiseveryday？”Ben？thought？about？thisTom？continued？painting？carefully.Sometimeshestopped，stoodbacktolookatthefencelikeanartist，andthenaddedabitmorepaintinjusttherightplace.BenwaswatchingTompaintwithgreatinterest.Hewasgettingmoreandmoreeagertohaveatryhimself.Afterawhile，BenaskedTomifhewouldlethimpaintalittle.Tomthoughtaboutit，andsaid，“No，Ben，Icant.Yousee.AuntPollywantsittobedonewell.AuntPollysaidthatImustpaintitwithgreatcare.”“Oh，please，Tom，”beggedBen.“Icandoit.Illbereallycareful.Justletmetry.Illgiveyouhalfofmyapple.Well，Illgiveyouallofit！”“Well，allright，Ben，”saidTom.“Youmustbeverycareful.”HegaveBenhisbrushwithworryonhisfacebutjoyinhisheart.Hesatdownunderthetree，andstartedtoeatBensapple.Allday，boyscametomakefunofTom，buttheyendedupstayingtopaint.WhenBengottired，Billywaswaiting.HegaveTomakiteforachancetopaint.ThenJohnnyofferedhimtwelvemarbles，andsoon.BylateafternoonTomhadgainedallsortsoftoys，andthefencehadgainedthree？coatsofpaint.LaterAuntPollycametolookatthepaintedfence.ShewassopleasedwithTomsworkthatshegaveTomalargecake！42.WhydidTompretendnottoseeBenwhenhecameandwatchedhimpainting？A.HesawBeneatinganapplehappily.B.HetriedtomakeBeninterestedinit.C.HedidntwanttogoswimmingwithBenatall.D.HedidntwantBentosharethechancetopaintthefence.43.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“spring”and“coat”probablymeaninthepassageaccordingtothegivendictionaryentries（词条）？A.4；3B.4；2C.3；3D.1；344.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A.Tomgainedsometoysbyhelpinghisfriends.B.Tomsfriendsoftenhelpedhimpaintthefence.C.Tomsuccessfullytrickedhisfriendsintopaintingthefence.D.Billywasthefourthboytohavethechancetopaintthefence.45.WhatdoyouthinkofTom？A.Hewashonest.B.Hewassmart.C.Hewasshy.D.Hewas