新核心大学英语

Unit8NaturalDisasters,Inthisunityouwill:1.learnthatdisastersoccurinmanyforms,andwehumanscantakemeasurestopreventthem;2.familiarizeyourselfwiththewordsandexpressionsrelatedtothethemeoftheunit;3.learntousethesewordsandexpressions;4.learnnewslisteningstrategiesconcerningthelexicalfeaturesofnewsreports;5.practicelisteningwithothernon-theme-relatedaudioandvideomaterials;6.learntousetheproperexpressionsandsentencestructurestomakecomplaints,Learningobjectives,PartITheme-RelatedActivities,PartIIListeningStrategy,PartIIIExtensiveListening,PartIVCommunicationSkills,PartVAssessmentLog,PartITheme-RelatedActivities,SectionILecture,SectionIIScienceReport,SectionIIIScienceReport,1.Canyounamesomenaturaldisasterswehaveeveryyear?2.Canyougiveanexampleofonememorablenaturaldisasterthathappenedinthepast?,Lead-inquestions:,Unit8PartISectionILead-inquestions,WordBank,Unit8PartISectionIWordBank,Unit8PartISectionIWordBank,Notes,Unit8PartISectionINotes,TheUnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey(USGS)ItisascientificagencyoftheUnitedStatesgovernment.ThescientistsoftheUSGSstudythelandscapeoftheUnitedStates,itsnaturalresources,andthenaturalhazardsthatthreatenit.Theorganizationhasfourmajorsciencedisciplines,concerningbiology,geography,geology,andhydrology.TheUSGSisafact-findingresearchorganizationwithnoregulatoryresponsibility.,Task1Watchthevideoclipandthendecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.,Task,Unit8PartISectionITask1,1.A1989volcanoeruptioncausedallfourenginesofanairplanetostall,whichisjustoneofmanysevereeruptionsrecordedinhistory.2.Researchersarenowkeepingacloseeyeonover70volcanoesthatcouldpossiblyerupt.,(Nobodyhasseenanythinglikeitin9,000years.),F,F,_,_,(Theyarelookingatabout170thatcouldpotentiallyerupt.),3.GoogleMapshelpstheUSGeologicalSurveysvolcanohazardsprogramtodetectallpossibleUSvolcanoeruptions.4.MostvolcanoesarearoundtheRingofFire,whichliesalongtheeasterncoastoftheAmerica.5.Thewebsitelaunchedbythevolcanohazardsprogramprovidesbothvolcanoandearthquakeinformation.,T,T,_,_,Unit8PartISectionITask1,F,_,(MostofthevolcanoesarealongthewesterncoastoftheUSandupthroughAlaska.),Task2Studythevolcano-relatedwordsbelowintheleftcolumnbymatchingthemwiththeirdefinitionsintherightcolumn.Someofthemareusedinthevideoclip.Watchthevideoclipasecondtimeandthenputdownthewordsyouhaveheard.,Task,Unit8PartISectionITask2,1.crater2.RingofFire3.mantle4.seismic5.crust,a.thepartoftheEarththatsurroundsthecentralcoreb.theoutermostlayerofrockofwhichaplanetconsistsc.theroundholeatthetopofavolcanod.relatingtoorcausedbyanearthquakee.abeltofseismicandvolcanicactivityroughlysurroundingthePacificOcean,Unit8PartISectionITask2,6.Lava7.plate8.magma9.eruption10.plume11.molten12.dormant,f.burstingandexplosionofavolcanog.atall,thinmassofsmoke,dustorsimilarsubstance,thatrisesupintotheairh.notactiveorgrowing,buthavingtheabilitytobeactiveatalatertimei.hotliquidrockwhichcomesoutoftheEarththroughavolcanoj.eachoftheseveralrigidpiecesoftheearthslithospherethattogethermakeuptheearthssurfacek.aliquidstateofmetalorrockcausedbyextremeheatl.hotliquidrockfoundjustbelowthesurfaceoftheEarth,Iveheard.,RingofFire,seismic,lava,eruption,plume,_,Task3Watchthevideoclipagainandthenhaveagroupdiscussionbasedonthefollowingquestions.Afterthediscussion,eachgroupwillgiveabriefreporttotheclass.,Task,Unit8PartISectionITask3,1.Doyouknowanydisasterscausedbyvolcanoesinhumanhistory?2.Livingnexttoavolcanocanbedangerous.Supposeyouwereagovernmentofficial,howwouldyouplantoevacuatepeoplequicklyandsafely?,e.g.Mt.VesuviuseruptioninItalyintheyear79AD;thecityofPompeii,_,(open),_,Unit8PartISectionITask3,3.Around500millionpeopleintheworldlivenearvolcanoes.Arethereanybenefitstolivingnearvolcanoes?Canscientistsforecastvolcaniceruptions?,Volcanoescanbebeneficial,notonlyinimprovingagricultureorasanenergysourcelikefertilesoils,geothermalenergy,butalsoeconomicallyinbusinessopportunitiesandrecreationandtourismlikemineralresources,industrialproducts,spasandresorts.,_,Unit8PartISectionITask3,【Script】,4.Volcanoeruptionaffectsplacestentothousandsofmilesfromaneruptionsitebecauseoftheejectionofvolcanicrockfragments,gases,andaerosols(悬浮微粒)intotheatmosphere.WhatimpactdidtheeruptionoftheEyjafjallajokullvolcanoinIcelandApril,2010haveonpeople?,ItcausedgreatchaosoverEuropeanairspace,resultinginthecancelationofhundredsofEuropeanflights.Theeruptionalsocausedpartsofamassiveglaciertomelt,leadingtosevereflooding.,_,Script,Unit8PartISectionIScript,WordBank,Unit8PartISectionIIWordBank,Unit8PartISectionIIWordBank,Notes,Unit8PartISectionIINotes,1.WhyhasJapanbeenhitbymanytsunamisinhistory?A.Becauseitisalwayshardhitbyearthquakes.B.Becauseithasalongcoastline.C.Becauseitisrelativelylow-lyingingeographiclocation.D.Becauseitissituatedontheedgesoffourtectonicplates.,Task1Watchthevideoclipandchoosethebestanswerstothefollowingquestions.,Task,Unit8PartISectionIITask1,2.Howdestructivearetsunamisaccordingtothepassage?A.Theycanswallowupaten-storybuilding.B.Theycansendoutanenormousburstofenergyupthroughtheocean.C.Theycancreateathunderousroarintheair.D.Theycandestroyaharbor.3.Whathappenswhenatsunamirecedes?A.Itslowsdown.B.Itcrestsandbreaks.C.Itcausesmoredamage.D.Itreturnswithmultiplewaves.,Unit8PartISectionIITask1,4.Howmanypeoplediedasaresultofthe2004tsunamiintheIndiaOcean?A.Near500,000.B.Morethan200,000.C.Over5000.D.Closeto20,000.5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutthePacificTsunamiWarningCenter?A.Itgivesadvicetopeopleonhowtodealwithtsunamiruins.B.Itisanorganizationforscientiststomonitorglobalquakes.C.Itison-call24hoursaday.D.Itpreventsanytsunamitragedyhappeningaroundtheworld.,Unit8PartISectionIITask1,1.Whatismainlydiscussedinthevideoclip?2.Whathappenswhentwotectonicplatespushtogether?3.Howisatsunamidifferentfromordinarywaves?4.Whathappenswhenthefirsttsunamistrikeisover?,Task2Watchthevideoasecondtimeandthengiveashortanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.,Task,Howtsunamisoccurandtheirdestructivepower.,Itreachesinlandwithoutbreaking.,_,_,Unit8PartISectionIITask2,Anearthquakeoccurs,displacingenormousquantitiesofwater.,_,Multiplewaveswillarrive.,_,Task3Lookatthetwopicturesandmakeatwo-minutecommentonthetopicoftsunamidisaster.Preparetoansweroneortwoquestionsraisedbytheclassoryourteacherafteryourpresentation.,Task,Unit8PartISectionIITask3,Questions:1.Whatisatsunami?,Tsunamisaregiantseawaves.Theycanbecaused(1)byanearthquakethatoccursundertheocean,(2)byanunderwaterlandslide,or(3)whenavolcanoeruptsunderwater.Unliketheregularwavesyoumightseeatthebeachorduringanormalstorm,tsunamisdontformonthesurfaceofthewater.Theybuildenergyastheymovewaterwithintheocean,sometimesasmuchasseveralmilesdeep.,_,Unit8PartISectionIITask3,2.Whatcanyouseefromthepicture?3.Howdoyouknowthatatsunamiiscoming?4.Whatisthemostrecentearthquake-relatedtsunamiyouhaveheardof?,Hugewaves,crowdsofpeople,carsnearby.,_,Onesignofatsunamiiswhenthewaterlevelalongcoastlineschanges(eitherbyrisingorfalling)rapidly.Incountriesthatdonthavewarningsystemsfortsunamis,thefirstthingpeoplemightseeisstrongerwavesliketheonesinanordinarystorm.Thesearefollowedquicklybythebigtsunamiwaves.,_,(Open.),_,Unit8PartISectionIITask3,5.Doyouknowanycountriesorareasthatareverylikelytobehitbytsunamis?6.Ifyouhappentobeinatsunami-hitarea,whatcanyoudotokeepyourselfandotherssafe?,Japan,Indonesia,thePhilippines,Chiliand,intheUnitedStates,Alaska,Hawaii,andthecoastsofWashington,OregonandCaliforniaaremostatrisk.,_,Gotoahigherground,avoidgoingtobeachesandkeepalerttothelocalradioorTVnews.Whennaturaldisasterslikeearthquakes,tsunamis,floods,andhurricanesoccur,peoplemightfeelveryhelpless.Butthereareincreasinglymoretechnologicaladvancesthatcanhelpus.,_,Unit8PartISectionIITask3,【Script】,Wecansetupcomprehensivepreventionsystemstopredictupcomingdisasterssoastoreducedamagetoaminimum.Secondly,peopleindangerzonescanlearnwhatrisksthereareandhowtoescapepossibledangers.Whatsmore,weneedtobeequippedwithrelevantknowledgeaboutnature,suchasthecausesofthedisasters.Themoreweknowaboutit,themorepreventivemeasurescanbetaken.,_,Script,Unit8PartISectionIIScript,WordBank,Unit8PartISectionIIIWordBank,Unit8PartISectionIIIWordBank,1.Avalanchescanbe_withtheirterrifyingspeed.A.accidentalB.unstableC.fatalD.frequent2.Snowslopesof30to45degreesareconsidered_.A.toogeneralbyskiersB.dangerzonesforavalanchesC.notsteepenoughtocauseavalanchesD.perfectfoundationsforbuildinglayersofsnow,Task1Watchthevideoclipandchoosethebestanswerstothefollowingquestions.,Task,Unit8PartISectionIIITask1,3.90percentofvictimsdiebecause_.A.ofcanonexplosivesB.oftheweatherC.theyaccidentallytriggeranavalancheD.oftheunstablesurfaceofsnowslopes4.WhichofthefollowingwillNOTtriggeranavalanche?A.Yellingandshouting.B.Strongwinds.C.Heavysnowfall.D.Asuddenchangeoftemperature.5.Whatshouldwedotoavoidbeingavalanchevictims?A.Donotusesnowmobileswhenontheslopes.B.Fireexplosivestosavepeopletrappedinavalanches.C.Increasethenumberofskipatrols.D.Watchoutforwarningsigns,andlearnhowtoreact.,Unit8PartISectionIIITask1,Task2Watchthevideoclipagainandthencompletethefollowingdialogue.,Task,Unit8PartISectionIIITask2,1.Withterrifyingspeed,anavalanchecanrumbledownthemountainslopeburyingunderalethalblanketofsnow.2.Butwhenlayersformweakbounds,anynewsnowfallsonandwaitsfortherighttrigger.3.90percentofavalanchevictimsdiebecausetheyorsomeonewiththem.4.Inmostcases,itsofaskierorsnowmobilerthatmakesthesurfaceunstable.,everythinginitspath,_,anunstablefoundation,_,accidentallytriggeranavalanche,_,thesuddenweight,_,Unit8PartISectionIIITask2,5.Sopayattentiontotheweather,lookfor,learnwhattodobecauseeverythingcanchangeinjustafewseconds.,warningsigns,_,【Script】,inanemergency,_,Script,Unit8PartISectionIIIScript,PartIIListeningStrategy,SectionINews-LexicalFeatures(2),News-LexicalFeatures(2),Unit8PartIISectionI,Besidesthesimpleandshortwordsusedmetaphoricallyoridiomaticallyinnewsreports,somespecialtechnicaltermsorwordswithspecialmeaningscouldalsogetinthewayofcomprehendinganewscast.Innewsreports,jargon(专业术语)isoftenusedtodiscussaparticularprofessionorgroupthatisdifficultforlistenerswithnopriorknowledgeaboutittounderstand.e.g.Wordsinpoliticalreports:deadlock,diplomaticimmunity,multilateralnegotiation,reachconsensus,vetopower,Unit8PartIISectionI,Wordsinmilitaryreports:biochemicalweapon,nuclearweapon,massdestructionweapon,ceasefire,anti-terrorism,car-bombingWordsineconomicsreports:fiscal,financialcrisis,annualrate,recession,pick-up,plummet,GrossDomesticProduct,taxreductionandexemptionInnewsreports,thefullnamesofsomefrequently-usedabbreviationsmaybespokenonlyonceormaynotbegiven.e.g.WTOWorldTradeOrganizationWHOWorldHealthOrganization,Unit8PartIISectionI,UNESCOIOCAPECASEANG-7OPECInnewsreports,thenamesofthecapitals,famousbuildingsorpresidentsareusedtoreplacethecountryoritsadministrationinordertopresenttheeventsinalivelyandvividway.,UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganizationInternationalOlympicCommitteeAsianPacificEconomicCooperation(forum)AssociationofSouthEastAsianNationsGroupofSevenOrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries,Unit8PartIISectionI,e.g.1)TheWhiteHouseisexaminingarangeofoptionstospuramergerbetweenGeneralMotorsandChrysler,agovernmentofficialsaid.2)TheFrancophoneSummitofferedSarkozysgovernmentanopportunitytoprotectFrenchasaninternationallanguage,astatusitissteadilylosingtoEnglish.ListeningSkillsRuleofThumb1Buildupyourknowledgeofthecommonlyusedvocabularyfoundinnewsreportsandkeepacategorizedlistofthenewwordsyoulearn.,Unit8PartIISectionI,RuleofThumb2Practicethecorrectpronunciationofsomefrequentlyusedwords.Focusonwordsthatmayseemsimilarorconfusingtoyou.RuleofThumb3Familiarizeyourselfwithimportantnamesofpeopleandplaces.Somepropernameslike“FijimilitarycommanderCommodoreFrankBainimarama”,maynotbeimportanttorememberasawhole,butyoushouldremembermilitarycommander.RuleofThumb4Giveyourselftimetogetfamiliarwithreportersandtheiraccents.,Unit8PartIISectionI,RuleofThumb5Keepup-to-datewithwhatsgoingonathomeandabroad.Forpractice,youcanwatchthenewsinChinesefirstforthemainnewsitems,whichcanhelpprepareyouforunderstandingnewsreportsinEnglish.,WordBank,Unit8PartIISectionITask1,Unit8PartIISectionITask1,Unit8PartIISectionITask1,USFederalReserveChairmanBenBernankeonFridaydefendedtheFedsrecentactiontobuymore1)andcalledonCongresstoapprovemorefiscalstimulustostrengthentheeconomy.“Withoutmorestimulus,highunemploymentcould2).”hesaid.TheFedonNovember3rdannounceda$600billionplantopurchasegovernmentbonds,thesocalled3),whicharousedcriticismbothinternationallyand4).,Task1Listentothefollowingnewsandthenfillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouheard.,Task,Unit8PartIISectionITask1,governmentbonds,_,persistforyears,_,secondroundofquantitativeeasing(QE2),_,domestically,_,Unit8PartIISectionITask1,BernankearguedthattheFeditselfcannotfixalloftheeconomysproblems,aimingtolowerpublicexpectations.“Therearelimitstowhatcanbeachievedbythecentralbankalone,”hesaid.“5)thatcombinesnear-termmeasurestoenhancegrowthwithstrongconfidence-inducingstepstoreducelonger-termstructural(budget)6)wouldbeanimportantcomplementtothepoliciesoftheFederalReserve.”BernankesaidthattheFedsTreasurybondpurchasesareneededtopromotefasterjobcreationandreducetheriskthat7)couldturnintodeflation.,verylowinflation,_,Afiscalprogram,_,deficits,_,Unit8PartIISectionITask1,Deflationisaprolongedanddestabilizingdropinpricesofgoodsandservices,wagesand8)likestocksorhomes.AccordingtothelatestdatareleasedbytheUSLaborDepartment,theUS9)whichexcludedvolatileenergyandfoodpricesinOctoberincreasedonly0.6percentonayear-on-yearbasis.Theunemploymentrate,currentlyat9.6percent,wasnotexpectedto10)soon.,thevaluesofassets,_,coreconsumerprices,_,fallsignificantly,_,WordBank,Unit8PartIISectionITask2,Task2Listentothefollowingnewsandthengiveashortanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.,Task,Unit8PartIISectionITask2,1.Whatisthisnewsreportabout?,APalestiniansuicidebombinginIsraelwhereapproximately30peoplewerewounded.,_,2.Howdidthebombercarryouttheterrorattack?,Heblewhimselfupoutsideacaf.,_,3.WhydidIsraelipolicesaythattheyhadbeenonalertforanewwaveofPalestinianattacks?,BecauseofthestartoftheUS-ledmilitaryoffensiveagainstIraq.,_,Unit8PartIISectionITask3,Task3Readthefollowingpassageaftertheclip.Payparticularattentiontopronunciationandintonation.,Task,BernankesaidthattheFedsTreasurybondpurchasesareneededtopromotefasterjobcreationandreducetheriskthatverylowinflationcouldturnintodeflation.Deflationisaprolongedanddestabilizingdropinpricesofgoodsandservices,wagesandthevaluesofassetslikestocksorhomes.AccordingtothelatestdatareleasedbytheUSLaborDepartment,theUScoreconsumerpriceswhichexcludedvolatileenergyandfoodpricesinOctoberincreasedonly0.6percentonayear-on-yearbasis.Theunemploymentrate,currentlyat9.6percent,wasnotexpectedtofallsignificantlysoon.,【Script】,Script,Unit8PartIISectionITask3,PartIIIExtensiveListening,INewsReports,IIFeatureReport,IIILecture,IVConversations,VPassageListening,VICompoundDictation,WordBank,Unit8PartIIIINewsReportsI,1.Whatisthenewsmainlyabout?A.Aclimateconference.B.Coastalpopulations.C.Theimpactofanicesheetbreaking.D.Risingsealevels.2.Attheendofthecentury,theoceanlevelcouldriseby_.A.1meterormoreB.59centimetersC.2metersD.69centimeters,Listentothereportandthendothefollowingexercise.,Unit8PartIIIINewsReportsI,3.Futureriseinsealevelcouldhavehugeimpacton_.A.icesheetsB.coastalcommunitiesC.climatescientistsD.areaslikeGreenlandandAntarctica,Unit8PartIIIINewsReportsI,【Script】,Script,Unit8PartIIIINewsReportsI,WordBank,Unit8PartIIIINewsReportsII,1.W