2020高中英语 M4U2 wordpower（牛津译林版必修4

2020高一英语学案：M4U2 wordpower（牛津译林版必修4）Learning content: M4U2 Sporting eventsTeaching aims:1.Help students know what the compound word is.2.Help students guess the meaning of the compound words.3.Introduce some sports events of different categories to studentsLearning difficulties and important points:get students to knows of sports events合成词也称复合词，顾名思义，就是由两个或两个以上的词合在一起构成的词，可分别用做形容词或副词。合成词从表面结构上看不拘一格，种类繁多，无论记忆还是使用都十分困难，那么我们除了简单记忆这些词是由哪些词构成之外，还有没有举一反三的规律可循呢？下面我们将一一道来。I. 复合形容词 (COMPOUND ADJECTIVES)1. 含有分词的复合形容词复合形容词中的现在分词与过去分词均源于定语从句中的谓语动词。例如：Australia is a country which speaks English. （country 由定语从句修饰）澳大利亚是一个讲英语的国家。Australia is a country speaking English. （country 由现在分词短语修饰）Australia is an English-speaking country. （country 由复合形容词修饰）以上三个句子中，我们分别用了三种不同的方法修饰country，三种不同的修饰语与country的逻辑关系都是country speaks English，因为country是动作speak的发出者，按照修饰动作发出者用现在分词的原则，合成词应该使用English-speaking。然而短语spoken English （英语口语）是不同的，这个短语中被修饰词English是动作speak的承受者，因此，用过去分词spoken, 以上两种不同的逻辑关系必须分清。我们再来看几个例子：earthshaking changes = changes which shake the earth翻天覆地的变化（changes 是动作shake的发出者）record-breaking destroy=destroy which breaks record 破记录的毁坏peace-loving people= people who love peace爱好和平的fine-sounding words=words which sound fine 甜言蜜语soft-feeling materials=materials which feel soft 手感柔软的面料hard-working students=students who study hard刻苦读书的学生easygoing person=person who goes easy 随和容易相处的人well-being children=children who are well 健康的孩子state-owned enterprises=enterprises which are owned by state国有企业hand-made goods=goods which were made by hand 手工制品heart-felt thanks=thanks which are felt by heart 衷心的感谢fast-developing industry=industry which develops fast 高速发展的产业highly-developed countries=countries have developed highly 高度发达的国家newly-arrived visitors=visitors who have arrived newly 刚刚抵达的参观者well-known university=university which is known very well著名的大学ready-made clothes=clothes which are made and ready to be used做好的, 现成的衣服newly-built airport=airport which is built newly新建的飞机场从以上例子可以看出，要了解和掌握含有分词的复合形容词，首先必须了解正确使用及物动词的现在分词和过去分词的关键： 准确了解及物动词的分词与所修饰的名词关系，修饰动作发出者用现在分词表示主动，修饰动作承受者用过去分词表示被动。 准确了解不及物动词的所用时态，用现在分词表示主动含义或动作正在进行，用过去分词表示动作业已完成。2. 含有动名词的复合形容词sleeping- pills安眠药 = pills which are for sleepingreading-room 阅览室 = room which is used for reading以上例子中，我们可以看到，所有的sleeping, waiting, reading都是介词for的宾语，因此我们将这样的词称为动名词。3.含有名词的复合形容词许多日常用作定语的复合形容词中是以名词作为中心词而构成的，当作定语的名词是所修饰名词的组成部分时, 复合形容词自身的名词后要加上ed来构成形容词。例如：a warm-hearted man=a man with a warm heart 一个热心肠的人（heart 是man的器官之一，为组成部分）再看更多例子：cold-blooded animals=animals with cold blood 冷血动物a long-haired girl=a girl with long hair一个长发女孩儿a single-armed general=a general with one arm一位独臂将军a right-minded person=a person with right mind 有正义感的人a left-handed person=a person who is used to the left hand 惯用左手的人a two bed roomed flat=a flat with two bedrooms一套两居室的公寓a three-legged chair=a chair with three legs. 一把三条腿的椅子注意：不可以使用名词复数担当定语， 不可以说a three-legs chair。4. 含有名词抽象形式的复合形容词表示所修饰的名词的性质或原材料时，使用名词的抽象形式（即原形）担当定语例如：100% cotton shirt 全棉衬衣 （cotton 是shirt的原材料，不能加ed）a 400-word composition 一篇四百字的文章（word看作是composition的原材料，而不是组成部分，因此不能加ed)child readings, 儿童读物 child seat(儿童座位）child workers （童工）（以上短语中child均表示所修饰名词的性质，不可以使用名词复数children)8-year-old boy=boy of 8 years old 一个八岁的孩子（years在构成复合形容词后，应使用其抽象形式 year )duty-free goods=goods which are free of duty免税商品我们可以看到，以上复合形容词中的名词，形式均无任何变化。II. 复合名词(COMPOUND NOUNS)在英语日常词汇中，有许许多多的名词是由两个或两个以上的词共同构成的，例如：earthworm蚯蚓；earthquake地震；shorthand(速记)；double-dealer (言行不一的人)；break-water(防波堤)；pick-pocket扒手；pickup 皮卡，小货车；sun-bathing日光浴；get-together集会；break-through(突破)；a cross-roads一个十字路口；go-between 媒人，中间人；by-product副产品；touch-me-not含羞草；takeaway(外卖)；make-up(化妆品）；look-on(旁观者)；lookout(哨所)；software软件，hardware硬件，hardboard硬盘，keyboard键盘，website网站；network网络；homesick思乡；breakthrough突破；take-off起飞；sightseeing观光； right-wing右翼；laptop笔记本电脑，palmtop掌上电脑。这些词的含义从单词的表面就可以清楚地看出，但分别是由原来句子中的不同词类构成的，因此这些词我们只要见到、读到、了解这些词的含义就足够了，按照其构成的词类进行归类总结，总有些庸人自扰的感觉。Step one compound adjectiveFormationCompound adj.FormationCompound adj.adj. +n. +-edwarm-heartedn. + v-edair-droppedadj. + v-ingeasy-goingadj. + v-edsoft-boiledadv.+ v-inghard-workingadv.+ v-edwell-educatedn. + adjtax-freeCompound nounsFormationCompound n.FormationCompound n.n+nhandbagn + v-ingsightseeingMore examples:window-shopping cold-blooded clear-cutworld-famous long-lasting well-paidordinary-looking air-conditioned well-paidstep two Put the following into English:1.气象员 2.聚会3.消防队员 4.说英语的5.握手 6.电影制片人7.水面下的 8.伐木工Step three:Put the Olympic events into the correct categories20 km race walk floor exercises springboard dive horizontal bar200 m butterfly water polo platform dive 100 m sprintBalance beam high jump discus throw parallel barsTrack and field eventsgymnasticsWater sports javelin throwasymmetric bars100 m freestyleGuess the meanings of the following compound words and then check in the dictionary. Use them in the letter below.mouth-watering well-known happy-go-luckybrand new suitcase outgoing sightseeingDear Li Su,Guess what? I finally booked my trip to Greece! I am staying in a (1) _hotel in the city center. I think it will be very convenient. Although I am traveling alone, I think I will make new friends easily because I am pretty (2)_ .I have not made atravel plan becaus