上海市浦东新区2020学年高一英语下学期期中试题（含解析）

上海市浦东新区2020学年高一英语下学期期中试题（含解析）. Grammar and Vocabulary 17%Section A 8%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The way we tell stories has naturally changed since Aristotle defined the rules of tragedy about 2,500 years ago. According to him, the role of storytelling is to imitate life and make us feel emotions. And thats exactly what storytelling as we know it has done very well since then. But there is an aspect of life _1_ storytelling could never really reproduce. It is the notion of choices.Choices are a very important part of our lives. We as individuals _2_ (define) by the choices we make. As an interactive writer, _3_ (fascinate) with the idea of recreating this notion of choices in fiction, I have tried to put the audience in the shoes of the main characters. _4_ (explore) a way to achieve this is what I did in the past 20 years of my life.So do you have an idea of _5_ my work is about as an interactive writer? Where a writer needs to deal with time and space, as an interactive writer, I need to deal with time, space and possibilities. I need to think about all the possibilities _6_ the characters could encounter different people and different things in a given scene and try to imagine everything that _7_ happen.The interactive writers experience is very unique, _8_ it is the result of the cooperation between a writer creating this narrative landscape and the player making his own decisions, telling his own story and becoming the cowriter but also the coactor and the codirector of the story. Interactive storytelling is a revolution in the way we tell stories.【答案】1. that2. are defined3. fascinated4. Exploring5. what 6. that7. may 8. because【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者讲述了自己作为互动作家的独特经历。【1题详解】考查定语从句。句意：但生活中有一个方面是讲故事永远无法重现的。分析句子结构可知此处为定语从句，主句以there be开头，先行词为物，且从句中缺少reproduce的宾语时常用that或which引导定语从句，故填that。【2题详解】考查时态语态。句意：我们作为个体是由我们所做的选择所定义的。individuals 与define之间是被动关系，且为一般情况，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are defined。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一个互动的作家，我着迷于在小说中再现这种选择的概念，我试着让读者站在主要人物的立场上思考。be fascinated with表示“着迷于”，此处去掉be作状语，故填fascinated。【4题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：探索实现这一目标的方法是我过去20年里一直所做的事情。此处用动名词作主语，故填Exploring。【5题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：你知道作为互动作家我的工作是什么吗？此处为跟在of后的宾语从句，从句中的about缺少宾语，故填what。6题详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我需要考虑角色在给定场景中遇到不同的人和事的所有可能性，并试着想象可能发生的一切。分析句子结构可知，此处为同位语从句，从句结构完整，用that解释说明possibilities的内容，故填that。【7题详解】考查情态动词。句意参考上题解析，根据句意可知此处表示“可能”，故填may。【8题详解】考查连词。句意：互动作家的经历是非常独特的，因为它是创作叙事场景的作家和做出自己的决定的玩家之间合作的结果。前后是因果关系，此处表示原因，故填because。Section B 9%Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories. To allow new memories to form, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain.Previous studies have shown that learning new information can lead to _9_. But in a new study, researchers showed for the first time how this effect _10_ in the brain.In daily life, forgetting actually has clear _11_. Imagine, for instance, that you lost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personal identification number (PIN). Each time you remember the new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. This process improves access to _12_ information, without old memories interfering.And most of us may sometimes feel _13_ when old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. Consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. This type of memory is particularly interfering.When we get new information, the brain automatically tries to combine it with existing information by _14_ associations. And when we retrieve（检索）information, both the desired and _15_ but irrelevant information is recalled.The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information. But current studies are beginning to put greater _16_ on the conditions under which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.A very small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life. Though it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their _17_ ability troublesome. In a sense, normal forgetting may help to ensure our brain doesnt become too full.【答案】9. D 10. G11. F 12. H13. B 14. E15. A 16. C17. J【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在一项新的研究中，研究人员首次展示了学习新信息会导致遗忘这种效应是如何在大脑中发生的。【9题详解】句意：以前的研究表明，学习新信息会导致遗忘。可根据第二段第一句得出forgetting，表示“遗忘”，故选D。【10题详解】句意：在一项新的研究中，研究人员首次展示了这种效应是如何在大脑中发生的。根据后文可知文章介绍了遗忘是如何发生的，occur表示“发生”，故选G。【11题详解】句意：在日常生活中，遗忘其实有明显的好处。根据本段末句without old memories interfering.可知，此处介绍了遗忘的好处。advantages表示“好处”，故选F。【12题详解】句意：这个过程改善了对相关信息的获取，而不受记忆的干扰。relevant表示“相关的”，故选H。【13题详解】句意：当旧的记忆干扰新的相关记忆时，我们大多数人有时会感到尴尬。embarrassed表示“尴尬的”，故选B。【14题详解】句意：当我们获取新信息时，大脑会自动地将其和现有信息形成关联。forming表示“形成”，故选E。【15题详解】句意：当我们检索信息时，我们想要的和相关但无关紧要的信息都会被回想起来。associated表示“相关的”，故选A。【16题详解】句意：但目前的研究更加强调我们遗忘的条件。 根据后文its importance begins to be more appreciated.可知人们越来越重视其重要性，所以用emphasis表示“强调”，故选C。【17题详解】句意：虽然这听起来对很多人来说像一种优势，但有这种罕见情况人经常会发现他们不同寻常的能力很麻烦。根据后文normal forgetting may help to ensure our brain doesnt become too full.可知不忘是一种不同寻常的能力，unusual表示“不同寻常的”，故选J。. Reading Comprehension 30%Section A 10%Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In 1986, the drug company Johnson & Johnson was faced with a crisis. Several people had died after taking Tylenol（泰诺）, a Johnson & Johnson product. The deaths were not the _18_ of the company, but the work of a criminal who had put poison in some of the Tylenol capsules（胶囊）. The criminal was later caught and punished, but _19_ the deaths, people stopped buying Tylenol. The management of Johnson & Johnson realized that they had to act _20_and quickly to prevent serious consequences for the company. Within days, in fact, they _21_ every Tylenol capsule in the United States to check for _22_. Soon afterword they also introduced “tamperproof” bottles to prevent future problems. Sales of Tylenol _23_ again, and in the end, people felt that Johnson & Johnson had acted well.Not all companies respond to crisis as well as Johnson & Johnson. Some failed to realized the importance of acting responsibly and suffered a dramatic _24_ in sales. Consumers no longer trusted the companies.The key to managing a crisis lies in the companys _25_ reaction. If they recognize a problem immediately and take measures to deal with it, they are less likely to suffer long-term consequences. One example of a quick reaction was that of the Pepsi Company in 1992, when hypodermic syringes （皮下注射器）were found in several soda cans. In a short time, the company was able to prove that the syringes had nothing to do with the production process, and they also found the criminals who had put the syringes in the cans. _26_, they lost few customers. On the other hand, Wendys fast-food company _27_ millions of dollars in 2020 because it tried to deny bad news and did not act quickly enough.18. A. featureB. decisionC. faultD. solution19. A. in favor ofB. in response toC. in return forD. in honor of20. A. decisivelyB. happilyC. fortunatelyD. readily21. A. avoidedB. involvedC. recalledD. practiced22. A. changingB. poisoningC. abandoningD. cheating23. A. picked upB. settled downC. came outD. hung out24. A. effectB. mistakeC. objectionD. drop25. A. temporaryB. reverseC. initialD. conditional26. A. In additionB. As a resultC. For exampleD. By contrast27. A. lostB. gatheredC. maintainedD. invested【答案】18. C 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A【解析】分析】本文是一篇说明文，以强生公司处理泰诺胶囊引起的死亡事件说明解决危机的关键是公司的第一反应。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. feature特征；B. decision决定； C. fault过错；D. solution解决办法。根据本空后的“of the company, but the work of a criminal who had put poison in some of the Tylenol capsules”可知，死亡事件不是强生公司的过错，而是一个罪犯在一些泰诺胶囊里下毒造成的，故C项正确。【19题详解】考查介词短语辨析。A. in favor of支持；B. in response to回应；C. in return for作为对的报答；D. in honor of向致敬。根据本空后的“the deaths, people stopped buying Tylenol.”可知，作为对死亡事件的回应，人们不再购买泰诺，故B项正确。【20题详解】考查副词词义辨析。A. decisively果断地； B. happily快乐地；C. fortunately幸运地；D. readily容易地。根据本空后的“and quickly to prevent serious consequences for the company.”可知，强生公司的管理层意识到必须果断而迅速地采取行动，防止给公司带来严重后果，故A项正确。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. avoided避免；B. involved牵涉；C. recalled召回；D. practiced练习。根据本空后的“every Tylenol capsule in the United States to check for _5_.”可知，强生公司召回在美国的每一粒泰诺胶囊检查是否下毒，故C项正确。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. changing改变；B. poisoning下毒；C. abandoning放弃；D. cheating欺骗。上文说死亡事件是一个罪犯在一些泰诺胶囊里下毒造成的，所以强生公司召回在美国的每一粒泰诺胶囊检查是否下毒，故B项正确。【23题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A. picked up回升； B. settled down安定下来； C. came out出版；D. hung out挂断。根据本空后的“and in the end, people felt that Johnson & Johnson had acted well.”可知，人们认为强生表现得很好，由此可知，泰诺的销量再次回升，故A项正确。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. effect影响； B. mistake错误；C. objection反对；D. drop下降。根据本空后的“Consumers no longer trusted the companies.”可知，消费者不再信任这些公司，由此可知，这些公司的销量大幅下降，故D项正确。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A. temporary临时的； B. reverse相反的； C. initial最初的； D. conditional有条件的。根据本空前的“The key to managing a crisis lies in the companys”可知，解决危机的关键是公司的第一反应，故C项正确。【26题详解】考查介词短语辨析。A. In addition另外； B. As a result结果；C. For example例如；D. By contrast相比之下。根据本空后的“they lost few customers.”可知，结果，他们失去的客户很少，故B项正确。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. lost失去；B. gathered收集；C. maintained维持；D. invested投资。根据本空后的“millions of dollars in 2020 because it tried to deny bad news and did not act quickly enough.”可知，Wendy快餐公司在2020年损失了数百万美元，因为它试图否认坏消息，而且行动也不够迅速，故A项正确。【点睛】对熟词生义的考查是完形的一大难点，本篇第4题，很多同学只知道recall有“回忆”之意，但在此处表示“召回”，如，The company recalled all the defective cars.这家公司召回了所有的问题车辆；第6题，pick up有“捡起”之意，但在此处表示“回升”，如，After the improvement, the sales of this kind of equipment picked up.经过改良后，这种设备的销量回升了。Section B 12%Directions: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A Life in DangerLucy, aged 15, lives in Bournemouth with her parents. Her parents arent poor, and she was at a private school when she started getting bullied. This made her very unhappy and she began to misbehave. She made some new friends who went clubbing a lot. Later she even took drug and stole money to buy drug. Her parents were so worried about their daughter and so angry about her behavior that they decided to send Lucy to Turn-About Ranch (TAR), a tough camp for problem teens in Utah, in the USA.Lucy didnt like the idea of going to the ranch（牧场）in Utah, but after spending three months there, shes changed her attitude. She said, “The staff at TAR cared about our emotional well-being but they also wanted us to be disciplined and respect the rules. They told us not to take any drugs, not even tobacco or alcohol, and they made us get up at 6.30 a.m. every day and to school work as well as jobs around the ranch. TAR is a real, working ranch with cows and horses, which we had to take care of.At TAR they asked us not to wear make-up or jewelry or use hair products. They told us that teenagers with problems often use a cool appearance as a mask to hide behind and that they needed to break down those barriers to help us look inside at the confusion which causes our problem behavior. They also wanted us to take responsibility for all our actions.”Her time there has made her more self-confident, less aggressive and much happier. Shes started a college course, shes got a part-time job, and shes also doing voluntary work helping underprivileged children. She hasnt taken any drugs since she left TAR. Lucy says, “TAR made me think very hard about the friends I used to see and where my life was going. I realized that the drugs were starting to become the only thing in my life that I cared about, which meant I stopped enjoying other things and treated people badly. I ought to have realized that, and I know I shouldnt have done a lot of things that I did. The ranch has really opened my eyes. They told me to believe I could achieve something with my life, and from now on I want to try.”28. What problem at school started to change Lucys behavior?A. That she made some new friends.B. That she was studying in a private school.C. That she stole money to buy drug.D. That she was bullied at school.29. Why does TAR have rules about appearance?A. They have to do schoolwork at TAR.B. They are supposed to take care of the animals at the ranch.C. Cool appearance is the barrier to reflection on ones inner self.D. Keeping cool appearance takes much time and money30. How does Lucy feel about the future now?A. Upset.B. Confused.C. Fair.D. Hopeful.【答案】28. D 29. C 30. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了针对问题少年的TAR夏令营让问题少年Lucy改掉恶习，对生活充满希望。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“and she was at a private school when she started getting bullied. This made her very unhappy and she began to misbehave.”可知，在学校受到欺凌改变了Lucy的行为，故D项正确。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At TAR they asked us not to wear make-up or jewelry or use hair products.They told us that teenagers with problems often use a cool appearance as a mask to hide behind and that they needed to break down those barriers to help us look inside at the confusion which causes our problem behavior.”可知，问题少年经常用酷炫的外表作为掩饰，他们要打破这些障碍，帮助我们审视导致问题行为的困惑，由此可知，TAR对外表有规定是因为酷炫的外表是一个人反省内在自我的障碍，故C项正确。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They told me to believe I could achieve something with my life, and from now on I want to try.”可知，他们告诉我要相信我的人生能有所成就，从现在开始我要努力，由此可知，Lucy对未来充满希望，故D项正确。【点睛】涉及到观点态度的推理判断题难度较大，文章一般不会直接表明人物的观点态度，但我们可以通过人物所说的话来揣摩其态度，例如本篇第3题，根据最后一段中Lucy所说的话“They told me to believe I could achieve something with my life, and from now on I want to try.”可知，他们告诉我要相信我的人生能有所成就，从现在开始我要努力，特别是“I want to try”表明Lucy对未来充满希望。(B)After I was married and had lived in Japan for a while, my Japanese gradually improved to the point where I could take part in simple conversations with my husband and his friends and family. And I began to notice that often, when I joined in, the others would look surprised, and the conversational topic would come to a stop. After this happened several times, it became clear to me that I was doing something wrong. But for a long time, I didnt know what it was.Finally, after listening carefully to many Japanese conversations, I discovered what my problem was. Even though I was speaking Japanese, I was handling the conversation in a Western way.A Western-style conversation between two people is like a game of tennis. If I introduce a topic, a conversational ball, I expect you to hit it back. If you agree with me, I dont expect you simply to agree and do nothing more. I expect you to add something-a reason for agreeing, another example, or a detailed explanation to carry the idea further. But I dont expect you always to agree. I am just as happy if you question me, or challenge me, or completely disagree with me. Whether you agree or disagree, your response will return the ball to me.A Japanese-style conversation, however, is not at all like tennis or volleyball. Its like bowling. You wait for your turn. And you always know your place in line. It depends on such things as whether you are older or younger, a close friend or a relative stranger to the previous speaker, in a senior or junior position, and so on.When your turn comes, you step up to the starting line with your bowling ball and carefully bowl it. Everyone else stands back and watches politely, murmuring encouragement. Everyone waits until the ball has reached the end of the alley（球场）and watches to see if it knocks down all the pins, or only some of them, or none of them. There is a pause, while everyone registers your score.Then, after everyone is sure that you have completely finished your turn, the next person in line steps up to the same starting line, with a different ball. He doesnt return your ball, and he does not begin from where your ball stopped. And there is always a suitable pause between turns. There is no rush, no scramble for the ball.If you have been trained all your life to play one game, it is no simple matter to switch to another, even if you know the rules. Knowing the rules is not at all the same thing as playing the game.31. The author makes all of the following arguments EXCEPT that _.A. Japanese-style conversations are like bowling.B. western-style conversations are like tennis or volleyballC. in Japanese-style conversations, you must wait your turn to speakD. western-style conversations are longer than Japanese-style conversations32. The authors purpose in writhing this article is to _.A. instructB. entertainC. jokeD. criticize33. The main idea of the article is _.A. people talk differently in Japan than in the WestB. its important to take part in conversationsC. talking with someone from another country proves difficultD. its rude to interrupt someone who is speaking【答案】31. D 32. A 33. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者结合自己的切身经历谈论了日式的谈话和西式的谈话的不同之处，由此告诉我们与来自另一个国家的人交谈是困难的。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A Japanese-style conversation, however, is not at all like tennis or volleyball. Its like bowling. You wait for your turn.”可知，日式的谈话不像打网球或排球，而像打保龄球，你需要等着轮到你，由此可知，日式的谈话比西式的时间要长，故D项正确。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者结合自己的切身经历告诉我们日式的谈话和西式的谈话