方言与语域的区别

DialectandRegister,presentedbyJiangLing,Contents,Dialect,Definitionofregister,Relationshipbetweendialectandregister,Lead-in:Questionitdiffersindifferentsituations.-Halliday(2)Thetypeoflanguagewhichisselectedasappropriatetothetypeofsituationisaregister.Inthisaspectitdiffersfromdialect.,2.Definitionofregister,ExamplesExampleOne:Adaptinglanguagetosuitthetopicisafairlystraightforwardmatter.Manyactivitieshaveaspecializedvocabulary.Ifyouareplayingaballgame,youneedtoknowthatzeroisaduckincricket,loveintennis,andnilinsoccer.Ifyouhaveadrinkwithfriendsinapub,youneedtoknowgreetingssuchas:Cheers!Herestoyourgoodhealth!ExampleTwo:Thesamepersonmightutteranyofthefollowingthreesentences,dependingonthecircumstances:Ishouldbegratefulifyouwouldmakelessnoise.Pleasebequiet.Shutup!,2.Definitionofregister,SummaryWhenweareindifferentsituations,facingdifferentobjects,differentlanguagevarietieswiththesamemeaningwillbeusedforthebestcommunicativeeffect.Thiskindofphenomenoniscalledregister.,3.Relationshipbetweendialectandregister,Dialectandregisteraretwocategoriesofvarietiesoflanguage.Inspiteoftheobviousdifferencesbetweenthem,theyarecloselyrelatedtoeachother.Threerespectsoftherelationshiparetobediscussedinthissection:differencesandcorrespondance;overlap;transformation.,3.Relationshipbetweendialectandregister,3.1Differencesandcorresponaence3.1.1DifferencesYourdialectshowswhoyouarewhileyourregistersshowswhatyouaredoing.(Hudson,1996)Adialectiswhatyouspeak(habitually);aregisteriswhatyouarespeaking(atgiventime).(Halliday,1978),3.Relationshipbetweendialectandregister,3.1.1DifferencesDialectreflectsthespeakerssocialbackground,suchashisage,sex,regionalbackground,socialstatus,education,etc.Registerindicatesthespeakersoccupation,purpose,situation,therole-relationshipbetweentheaddressorandtheaddressee,andthewayofcommunication,namelyspeakingorwriting.,3.Relationshipbetweendialectandregister,Dialectisdifferentwaysofsayingthesamething.,Registerisdifferentwaysofsayingdifferentthings.,3.1.1Differences,3.1Correspondingrelationshipbetweendialectandregister(adaptedfromHalliday1978),3.1Correspondingrelationshipbetweendialectandregister(adaptedfromHalliday1978),3.Relationshipbetweendialectandregister,3.2OverlapOnemansdialectmightbeanothermansregister.Forexample,EnglishusedinclasscomparedwithChinese.,A(Americans),B(Chinesepeople),X(English),Dialect,Register,Overlapbetweendialectandregister,3.Relationshipbetweendialectandregister,3.3TransformationDefinition:Dialectcanbetransformedintoregisterinsomeconditions.Code-switching:useoftwoormorelinguisticvarietiesinthesameconversationorinteraction.(CarolMyers-Scotton&WilliamUry)Codeswitching(CS)occursfarmoreofteninconversationthaninwriting.Itisafairlycommonp