新世纪大学英语-(第二版)-综合教程3-电子教案-BOOK3-UNIT8.ppt

,ReadandExplore,Unit8InterculturalCommunication,GetStarted,ListenandRespond,OptionalClassroomActivities,EnhanceYourLanguageAwareness,1.Doyousometimesfinditdifficulttoadapttoanewenvironment?Why?2.Infilmsorinyourpersonalexperiences,youmayhavefoundWesternersbehavedifferentlyfromusChinese.Pleasegivesomeexamplestoshowtheculturaldifferences.3.SupposeoneofyourforeignfriendscomestoworkinChina.Whatsuggestionswouldyougivetohelphimsettledown?,Workingroupsofthreesorfoursanddiscussthefollowingquestions.,GetStarted-discussion,Studythefollowingquotesaboutinterculturalcommunication.Whichquote(s)doyoulikebest?Why?,GetStarted-quotes,Varietyistheveryspice(香料)oflifethatgivesitallitsflavour.WilliamCowper,Interpretation:Itisvarietythatmakeslifecolourfulanddelightful.,GetStarted-quotes1,ClickPicture,Idonotwantmyhousetobewalledinonallsidesandmywindowstobestuffed.Iwanttheculturesofallthelandstobeblownaboutmyhouseasfreelyaspossible.ButIrefusetobeblownoffmyfeetbyany.MahatmaGandhi,Interpretation:ThisquotationrevealsGandhisattitudetowardsculturalexchanges.Hewarmlywelcomestheintroductionofforeignculturesintohisnation,butrefusestogiveuphisownculturalidentityorbecarriedawaybythem.Here,hecompareshisculturalorigintothegroundheisstandingon.,GetStarted-quotes2,ClickPicture,Ifmanistosurvive,hewillhavelearnedtotakeadelightintheessentialdifferencesbetweenmenandbetweencultures.Hewilllearnthatdifferencesinideasandattitudesareadelight,partoflifesexcitingvariety,notsomethingtofear.GeneRoddenberry,Interpretation:Thisquotationtellsusabouttherightattitudetowardsthedifferencesbetweenpeopleandbetweencultures.Weshouldnotbefrightenedbythedifferences;instead,weshouldregardthemasadelightbecausetheymakeourworldmoreexcitingandcolourful.,GetStarted-quotes3,ClickPicture,Othernationsofdifferenthabitsarenotenemies:theyaregodsends.Menrequireoftheirneighbourssomethingsufficientlyakin(近似)tobeunderstood,somethingsufficientlydifferenttoprovoke(引起)attention,andsomethinggreatenoughtocommandadmiration.Wemustnotexpect,however,allthevirtues.AlfredNorthWhitehead,Interpretation:Countrieswithdifferentculturesshouldnotbedespisedorresented.Thereisnouniversalcriterionforvirtueandeverynationhasitsuniquetraitsandstrongpoints.Weneedpeoplewithculturessimilarenoughtoourssoastoenableustounderstandeachotherbetter,while,atthesametime,differentenoughtostimulateus.Wecannotalwaysexpecttohaveadvantagesoverothersineverything.,GetStarted-quotes4,ClickPicture,Watchthefollowingvideoclip“InterculturalCommunicationAdventurewithLittlePilot”andthencompletethetasksthatfollow:,clickhere,()Howpeopleseeeachotherisinfluencedbytheirculturalbackgrounds.()Peoplefromotherculturesmayunderstandyourwordsindifferentways.()Learningtobehaveaccordinglyindifferentculturesmaybehelpfulintodaysglobalbusinessenvironment.()Accordingtothevideo,tounderstandanotherculture,learningitslanguageisabsolutelynecessary.()Todevelopculturalintelligence,youshouldbewillingtoundertakeaglobaltravel.,Pleasedecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrue(T)orfalse(F)basedontheinformationinthevideoclip.,video,T,T,T,F,F,video,2.Althoughpeoplearequitefamiliarwiththesaying“WheninRome,doastheRomansdo”,manyofthemstillregardtheirownconventionsasthestandardandcomplainaboutothercultureswhentravellingabroad.Doyouthinkthattheactivenessinlearningandunderstandingadifferentculturewillhelpalottoovercomeculturalshock?Whyorwhynot?(Open.),stampvt.bringthefootorfeetdownhard;stepwithforce跺脚；用力踩clapvt.bring(youropenhands)togetherwithaquickmovementandloudsound,especiallytoshowapprovalofaperformance拍（手）；鼓掌immodesta.fmlshowingortendingtoexpressahighopinionofoneselfandonesabilities,perhapshigherthanisreallydeserved正式傲慢的，不谦虚的,ListenandRespondWordBank,Loffend侮辱；冒犯rotatevi.(causeto)turnroundafixedpointoraxis（使）旋转，转动Bulgarian.保加利亚,Lweshouldfindoutwhattheydo,howtheydoit,andwhattheirinterestsare,etc.Butunderstandingthewaysofapeopledoesnotmeanthatwehavetogiveupourown.,Peopletendtoexperiencefrustrationandanxietywhentheyenteranewculture.Thisphenomenonisoftenreferredtoas“cultureshock”.Howandwhydoesithappen?Whatisthenatureof“cultureshock”?Andhowcanwecopewithit?KalervoObergprovidesuswithsomeanswers.,In-Depth,1Wemightalmostcallcultureshockanoccupationaldiseaseofpeoplewhohavebeensuddenly.Likemostailmentsithasitsowncause,symptoms,andcure.,In-Depth,CultureShockKalervoOberg,abroad,transplanted,2Cultureshockisprecipitatedbytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingallourfamiliarsignsandsymbolsofsocialintercourse.Thesesignsorcuesincludethethousandandonewaysinwhichweorientourselvestothesituationsofdailylife:whentoshakehandsandwhattosaywhenwemeetpeople,whenandhowtogivetips,howtogiveorderstoservants,howtomakepurchases,whentoacceptandwhentorefuseinvitations,whentotakestatementsseriouslyandwhennot.Thesecueswhichmaybewords,gestures,facialexpressions,customs,ornormsareacquiredbyallofusinthecourseofgrowingupandareasmuchapartofourcultureasthelanguagewespeakorthebeliefsweaccept.Allofusdependforourpeaceofmindandourefficiencyonhundredsofthesecues.,In-Depth,3Nowwhenanindividualentersastrangeculture,allormostofthesefamiliarcuesareremoved.Heorsheislikeafishoutofwater.Nomatterhowbroad-mindedyoumaybe,aseriesofpropshavebeenknockedfromunderyou,followedbyafeelingoffrustrationandanxiety.Peoplereacttothefrustrationinmuchthesameway.Firsttheyrejecttheenvironmentwhichcausesthediscomfort:“Thewaysofthehostcountryarebadbecausetheymakeusfeelbad.”WhenAmericansorotherforeignersinastrangelandgettogethertocomplainaboutthehostcountryanditspeopleyoucanbesuretheyaresufferingfromcultureshock.Anotherphaseofcultureshockisregression.Thehomeenvironmentsuddenlyassumesatremendousimportance.ToanAmericaneverythingAmericanbecomesirrationallyglorified.Allthedifficultiesandproblemsareforgottenandonlythegoodthingsbackhomeareremembered.Itusuallytakesatriphometobringonebacktoreality.,In-Depth,4Inanefforttogetovercultureshock,thereissomevalueinknowingsomethingaboutthenatureofcultureanditsrelationshiptotheindividual.Inadditiontolivinginaphysicalenvironment,anindividuallivesinaculturalenvironmentconsistingofman-madephysicalobjects,socialinstitutions,andideasandbeliefs.Anindividualisnotbornwithculturebutonlywiththecapacitytolearnitanduseit.ThereisnothinginanewbornchildwhichdictatesthatitshouldeventuallyspeakPortuguese,English,orFrench;northatheshouldeatwithaforkinhislefthandratherthanintherightorusechopsticks.Allthesethingsthechildhastolearn.Noraretheparentsresponsiblefortheculturewhichtheytransmittotheiryoung.Thecultureofanypeopleistheproductofhistoryandisovertimelargelythroughprocesseswhicharebeyondhisawareness.Itisbymeansofculturethattheyounglearntoadaptthemselvestothephysicalenvironmentandtothepeoplewithwhomtheyassociate.Andasweknow,childrenandadolescentsoftenexperiencedifficultiesinthisprocessoflearningandadjustment.Butoncelearned,culturebecomesawayoflife.,In-Depth,builtup,5Peoplehaveawayofacceptingtheircultureasboththebestandtheonlywayofdoingthings.Thisisperfectlynormalandunderstandable.Tothisattitudewegivethenameethnocentrism,abeliefthatnotonlytheculturebuttheraceandthenationformthecenteroftheworld.Individualsidentifythemselveswiththeirowngrouptotheextentthatanycriticalcommentistakenasaremarkwhichisrudetotheindividualaswellastothegroup.Ifyoucriticizemycountry,youarecriticizingme;ifyoucriticizeme,youarecriticizingmycountry.Alongwiththisattitudegoesthetendencytoattributeallindividualpeculiaritiesasnationalcharacteristics.Forinstance,ifanAmericandoessomethingoddoranti-socialinaforeigncountrywhichbackhomewouldbeconsideredapurelyindividualact,thisisnowconsideredanationaltrait.HeactsthatwaynotbecauseheisJoeDoaksbutbecauseheisanAmerican.Insteadofbeingcensuredasanindividual,hiscountryiscensured.Itisthusbesttorecognizethatethnocentrismisapermanentcharacteristicofnationalgroups.Evenifanationalcriticizessomeaspectofhisownculture,theforeignershouldlistenbutnotenterintothecriticism.,In-Depth,6Onceyourealizethatyourtroubleisduetoyourownlackofunderstandingofotherpeoplesculturalbackgroundandyourownlackofthemeansofcommunicationratherthanthehostilityofanalienenvironment,youalsorealizethatyouyourselfcangainthisunderstandingandthesemeansofcommunication.Andthesooneryoudothis,thesoonercultureshockwilldisappear.,In-Depth,7Thequestionnowarises,whatcanyoudotogetovercultureshockasquicklyaspossible?Theanswerisgettingtoknowthepeopleofthehostcountry.Butthisyoucannotdowithanysuccesswithoutknowingthelanguage,forlanguageistheprincipalsymbolsystemofcommunication.Nowweallknowthatlearninganewlanguageisdifficult,particularlytoadults.Thistaskaloneisquiteenoughtocausefrustrationandanxiety,nomatterhowskillfullanguageteachersareinmakingiteasyforyou.Butonceyoubegintobeabletocarryonafriendlyconversationwithyourmaid,yourneighbour,ortogoonshoppingtripsalone,younotonlygainconfidenceandafeelingofpowerbutawholenewworldofculturalmeaningsforyou.,In-Depth,opensup,8Youbegintofindoutwhatpeopledo,howtheydoit,andwhattheirinterestsare.Peopleusuallyexpresstheseinterestsbywhattheyhabituallytalkaboutandhowtheyallocatetheirtimeandmoney.Onceyouknowthisvalueorinterestpatternitwillbequiteeasytogetpeopletotalktoandbeinterestedinyou.,In-Depth,9Attimesitishelpfultobeaparticipantobserverbyjoiningtheactivitiesofthepeople,totrytoshareintheirresponses,whetherthisbeacarnival,areligiousritual,orsomeeconomicactivity.Yetthevisitorshouldneverforgetthatheorsheisanoutsiderandwillbetreatedassuch.Heorsheshouldviewthisparticipationasaroleplaying.Understandingthewaysofapeopleisessentialbutthisdoesnotmeanthatyouhavetogiveupyourown.Whathappensisthatyouhavedevelopedtwopatternsofbehavior.,voicing,AChinesemarketingmanagerinBeijingwassenttoLosAngelesforatwo-yearsalespromotion.Itshouldhavebeenathrillingexperiencebut,likeafishoutofwater,hefeltveryuncomfortablesoonafterhegotthere.Workingroupsofthreesorfoursanddiscussthechallengeshemighthavepossiblymetandthesymptomsofhisdiscomfort.Andthengivehimsomesuggestionssothathecouldgetovercultureshockasquicklyaspossible.Writedownyouroutlinesfirstandthenpresentyourideastothewholeclass.,voicing,Challenges1._2._3._4._5._6._Symptoms1._2._3._4._5._Suggestions1._2._3._4._5._6._,KeyWords(B),KeyWords(B),1)Explaintheimpliedmeaningofthesentence.,1.Shecanonlycooklookingatarecipe.(Para.4),Sentences,Sheispooratcookingandcouldnotcookcreatively;noonewouldenjoythedishesshecooked.,2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,她看着食谱才会做菜。,1)Explaintheimpliedmeaningofthesentence.,2.Richobviouslyhadhadadifferentopiniononhowtheeveninghadgone.(Para.23),Sentences,Richdidntrealizeatallhowserioushismistakeswereinmyparentseyes.Instead,hethoughtwhathehaddonewasproperinthesituation.,2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,里奇对晚上发生的事情明显有不同的看法。,1)Explaintheimpliedmeaningofthesentence.Payspecialattentiontotheitalicizedpart.,3.Richhadfirmlyshakenbothmyparentshandswiththatsameeasyfamiliarityheusedwithnervousnewclients.(Para.23),2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,Hedidnotrealizethathehadshakenmyparentshandsinawaythathadirritatedthem.,Sentences,里奇用力握我父母的手，就像他和紧张的新客户握手时表现出的潇洒随意。,1)Explaintheimpliedmeaningofthesentence.,4.Howlongdoesittaketosay,Mom,Dad,Imgettingmarried?(Para.26),Sentences,Itisextremelyeasytotellthemthatyouaregettingmarried.,2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,就说声“爸、妈，我要结婚了”能花上多长的时间？,Q1,WhatarrangementdidthenarratormakeforherboyfriendRichtomeethermother?,Q2,Whydidthenarratoraskherboyfriendtopraisehermotherscooking?,Paras.1-3,Comprehension,Q1,Whatdidthenarratorwanttodowhilewatchinghermothercooking?,Q2,Basedontheinformationcontainedinthisparagraph,whatcommentcanbemadeaboutthenarratorsmother?,Para.4,Comprehension,Q1,WhatcanyouinferfromhermothersexpressionwhenshesawRich?,Q2,WhatdidRichlooklike?,Paras.5-6,Comprehension,Q1,WhydidhermothermentionRichsfreckleswhenaskedaboutheropinionofRich?,Q2,Didthenarratorbringhermotherroundbyemphasizingthatfrecklesindicatedgoodluck?,Paras.7-12,Comprehension,Q4,Q1,WhatpresentdidRichbringtothenarratorsparents?Didtheylikeit?,Q2,HowmanyglassesofwinedidRichdrink?Whatabouttheothers?,Q3,WhydoyouthinkRichinsistedonusingchopsticks?,WhathappenedwhenRichwastryingtogetachunkofred-cookedeggplantintohismouth?,Paras.13-15,Comprehension,Q1,WhatmistakedidRichmakewhileeatingtheshrimpandsnowpeas?,Q2,WhatisthemostnoticeabledifferenceintablemannersbetweenthenarratorsfatherandRich?,Paras.16-18,Comprehension,Q1,WhatwastheworstthingRichdidatthetable?,Q2,WhydidRichdothat?,Paras.19-22,Comprehension,Q1,WhatwaswrongwithRichswayofsayinggood-byetothenarratorsparents?,Q2,DidRichrealizethathedidnotbehavethewayhewasexpectedatthenarratorshome?,Q3,DidRichleaveagoodimpressiononthenarratorsmotherandwinherover?Why?,Paras.23-27,Comprehension,WeChineseandpeopleofothernationsmaybehavedifferentlyonthefollowingoccasions:1)addressingandgreetingpeople2)givingandreceivinggifts3)visitingfriends4)havingaformaldinnerDiscusstheculturaldifferencesononeortwooftheaboveoccasionsingroupsofthreesorfoursandthenshareyourviewswiththewholeclass.,Optional,UsefulExpressions,anoccupationaldisease,socialintercourse,makepurchases,takesth.seriously,facialexpressions,inthecourseof,bebroad-minded,职业病,社会交往,购物,对当真,面部表情,在过程中,离水之鱼；不得其所的人,心胸开阔,afishoutofwater,UsefulExpressions,reactto,socialinstitutions,adaptoneselfto,associatewith,totheextentthat,anindividualact,carryonaconversation,areligiousritual,对做出反应,社会风俗,使自己适应,和打交道,到这样的程度以至于,个人行为,进行交谈,宗教仪式,UsefulExpressions,aftermuchthought,comeupwithabrilliantplan,fromwayback,farbetterthan,waitfortherightmoment,chopeggplantintosmallpieces,secretingredients,shreddedpork,一番深思熟虑之后,想出了一个妙计,多年以来,好得多,等着找机会,把茄子切成小块,独家配料,肉末,UsefulExpressions,forcedsmile,studyhimfromheadtotoe,abitontheshortside,compactlybuilt,justfortaste,makeabigshowof,勉强挤出的笑容,把他从头到脚打量了个遍,个头不高,长得结结实实,只是尝尝,摆出大架势,servewithspecialpride,easyfamiliarity,特别骄傲地端上这道菜,潇洒随意,Studythefollowingsentences,eachofwhichcontainsdoublenegation.,Grammar,Grammar,Itisnotuncommontogetintoamodewhereyouthink,“IfonlyIhadobjectX,mylifewouldbeperfectandIwouldbehappy.”(Para.2,TextB,Unit6)Butthisyoucannotdowithanysuccesswithoutknowingthelanguage,forlanguageistheprincipalsymbolsystemofcommunication.(Para.7,TextA,Unit8),e.g.1)Therewasnoonewhodidnotfeelsympathyforthevictimsoftheaccident.(Everyonefeltsympathyforthevictimsoftheaccident.)没有人不同情那位意外的牺牲者。2)Itisnotunusualforafamilytohavemorethanonecartouseindailylife.(Itisusualforafamilytohavemorethanonecartouseindailylife.)一个家庭在日常生活中使用一辆以上的车子并不特别稀奇。,Grammar,双重否定1.正如汉语说的“没有不”一样，英语有时也可使用这样“定的否定”，即所谓的双重否定，双重否定的结果是肯定的。,Grammar,2.never.without.型双重否定，其意为：没有决不；要一定会e.g.hedognevercrossesastreetwithoutstoppingatthecurb.那只狗每次要过街时，都会在人行道边缘停下来。3.双重否定就内容而言虽是表肯定的，但和原本就是肯定形的句子含义并不完全相同。比方说，notunusual（并非不寻常）与usual（普通）在感觉上就不完全相同，多了一点儿犹豫的情绪。4.双重否定用于表示肯定的内容时，因形式上仍属否定句，所以附加问句为肯定形。e.g.NoJapanesebreakfastiscompletewithoutmisosoup,isit?没有味噌汤的日式早餐就不够完整，不是吗?,Grammar,Now,pleasedothetasksonpage255inyourtextbook.,Culturaldifferencesmaycauseproblemsininterculturalcommunication.However,weshouldalsobeawareoftheadvantagesbroughtaboutbyculturaldifferences.Thinkabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofculturaldifferencesandwriteanessayentitled“MyViewsonCulturalDifferences”.Thefollowingoutlinemaybeofsomehelp:,2)Yourattitudetoculturaldifferences:Bemoretoleranttoothercultures;Peopleofdifferentculturesshouldlearntolivetogetherandjoinhandsinmakingtheworldaharmoniousplacetolivein.,1)Culturaldifferenceshavemoreadvantagesthandisadvantages:Culturaldifferencesmaketheworldcolorfulanddelightful;Culturaldifferencesenrichthecivilizationofmankind;Culturaldifferencesgiveeachcultureitsuniqueidentity.,MyViewsonCulturalDifferencesInmyopinion,culturaldifferenceshavemoreadvantagesthandisadvantages.Firstofall,itisculturaldifferencesthatmakeourworldsocolorful.Ifyougotoaforeigncountry,youwillbeimpressednotonlybyitsphysicalenvironmentbutalsobyitsculturalenvironmentitsfoods,clothes,customs,socialpractices,etc.Differencesbetweencultureshavealwaysbeenasourceofjoyandinspiration.Secondly,differencesincultureenrichhumancivilization.Differentculturescompetewithaswellaslearnfromeachother.RomanculturewasmodeledonGreekculture,whichhadonceborrowedalotfromEgyptianculture.Americancultureisalsoa,writing,SampleWriting,blendofmanydifferentcultures.Thirdly,differencesinculturegiveeachcultureitsuniqueidentity.Acultureisusuallyseeninrelationtoothercultures.Chineseculturedistinguishesitselffromothersbyitspeculiarconceptsandthingsthatcanhardlybefoundelsewhere.Ofcourse,culturaldifferencesmaycauseconflictsandmisunderstandings.Butinterdependence,commoninterestsandmutualgoalsofdifferentnationsalwaysoutweighdifferencesinculture.Nationswithdifferentculturesshouldlearnfromeachotherandlivepeacefullytogether.Tothisend,weshouldbemoretoleranttoothercultureswhilepreserving,protectinganddevelopingourown.(207words),writing,SampleWriting,ThankYou!,Yes.Ithinkwealldo.Wemayfeellikeafishoutofwaterwhenwefindourselvesinanentirelynewenvironment.Thisisbecausewhenweareinanewenvironment,wehavetostartalloveragaintobuildupnewrelationships,learnandfollownewcustomsandevenanewwayoflife.Allthismaytakealotoftimeandeffort.,Asampleanswer:,KeytoDiscussion(1),Yes.Ithinkwealldo.Wemayfeellikeafishoutofwaterwhenwefindourselvesinanentirelynewenvironment.Thisisbecausewhenweareinanewenvironment,wehavetostartal