高一英语Unit 1cultural relics必修II人教实验版知识精讲

高一英语Unit 1 cultural relics必修II人教实验版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：必修II Unit 1 cultural relics1. 重点单词短语用法讲解2. 课文难点句解析二. 知识总结与归纳：单元内容简介：主题：文物和文化遗产。重点介绍了琥珀屋这一文化瑰宝的历史。三. 重点讲解与归纳：1. A cultural relic is something that has survived for a long time,survive1) (from sth); (on sth) vi. - continue to live or exist 继续生存或存在。Many strange customs have survived from earlier times. 有许多古怪的习俗源远流长。在失事飞机上的六个人，仅一人幸存。Of the six people in the plane that crashed, only one survived.我每周收入30英镑难以活命。I cant survive on 30 a week.2) vt. continue to live or exist in spite of nearly being killed or destroyed by (sth) 经历（某事物）幸存：有五个人在那次车祸中幸存下来。Five people survived the car accident.3) vt. remain alive after (sb.) 比（某人）长命：The old lady has survived her husband.那老太太的丈夫先她而去世了。n. 幸存者 survivor2. often a part of something old that has remained when the rest of it has been destroyedremain1) be left or still present after other parts have been removed or used 剩下；剩余；遗留：After the fire, very little remained of my house.8减3剩5If you take 3 from 8, 5 remains.剩余各点留待下次会议再议。Lets leave the remaining points for our next meeting.2) (fml 文) be left to be seen, done, said, etc 留待以后去看、去做、去说等:It remains to be seen whether you are right.要做的事情还很多Much remains to be done.3) (esp fml 尤作庄重语) stay in the same place; stay behind 停留；逗留；留下：I remained in London until May. 我在伦敦一直呆到五月。The aircraft remained on the ground.她走了，我没走。She left, but I remained (behind).4) continue to be; stay in the same condition 仍然是；保持不变：remain standing, seated, etc 一直站着、坐着等He remained silent.Let things remain as they are. 一切保持现状吧。3. Imagine that you work for the state office of cultural relics.state n. adj. v.n. 1)a specific mode of government: 国家，政府matters of state2)州How many states are there in the USA?3)状态in a poor state of health-adj. 政府的，国家的state railways; state schools/state documentsv. 陈述或说明；宣布，规定，确定state ones viewHe stated positively that he had never seen the man.at stated times在规定的时间4. It is your job to look into any reports of cultural relicslook into调查；向里面看The police are looking into the case.The boy stood on a chair, looking into the room.Look into my eyes, you will see what you mean to me.look at 瞧；看look like看起来像look for寻找look sb. up and down上下仔细打量某人look after照顾look forward to sb. /sth./doing sth. 期盼某人/物/做某事look into调查；向里面看look out当心look round环顾四周look up查字典，向上看5. The man insist that it belongs to his family.belong to 属于，是的成员，是的组成部分，是的属性，职能等Put it back to which /where it belongs after you have read it. belong to 不用于被动语态和进行时态The computer belongs to my sister.众所周知，台湾属于中国。It is known to all that Taiwan belongs to China.The Spring Festival belongs to children.6. could never have imagined that情态动词(could /might /must /should) +have done 表示对过去发生事情的推测，批评，反悔等It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.You should have told us earlier. can /could +have done 常用于疑问和否定句，表对过去发生事情的有把握的推测，“肯定不”He couldnt have gone abroad, as I saw him just now.could /can +have done 也可以表示“本来（过去）可以做到，但实际并没有做到”之意你本来考试是可以通过的。You could have passed the exam.7. This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because almost seven thousand tons of amber were used to make it. 这件礼物就是琥珀屋，它之所以有这个名字，是因为造这间房子用了将近7,000吨琥珀。which was given this name . 为非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句，在修饰物时用which, 在修饰人时用who, whom, whose。非限制性从句和它的先行词之间只有松散的关系，往往是对先行词作补充说明，这种从句在朗读时有停顿，在文字中通常有逗号与主句隔开。The chairman, who spoke first, sat on my right.最先发言的主席坐在我的右边。The speech, which bored everyone, went on and on.那使大家厌烦的演讲一直在继续着。关系副词 where 和 when 也能引导非限制性定语从句。On April 1 they flew to Beijing, where they stayed several days.Im seeing the manager tomorrow, when he will be back from New York. 另外，由which引导的非限制性定语从句，有时候修饰整个句子，或句子中的某个部分。They have invited us to visit their country, which is very kind of them.他们非常友好地邀请我们去访问他们的国家。Usually they take a walk after supper, which does them a lot of good.通常他们晚饭后去散散步，这么做对他们很有好处。8. Although it feels as hard as stone, it easily melts when heated.1)feel - 意思是to give or produce the stated sensation 给人以某种感觉。Your hands feel cold.你的手摸起来很冷。The cloth feels soft.这块布摸起来很柔软。How does it feel to be alone all day?一整天孤零零的会是什么感觉？2)When heated -?=When it is heated, ?省略句，省略的部分总是“主语+ be”，省略句的主语应与主句的主语相同。When heated, water changes into steam.水加热后变成水蒸汽。Even if invited, he wont go.就算有人邀请他，他也不会去。9. Once it is heated, the amber can be made into any shape. (P1, L4)一旦加热，琥珀可以被制作成任何形状。once (conj.)连词，“一旦” Once you begin to do it, you must do it well.Once you see it, youll like it.be made into 被制成be made of由制成（能看出原材料） be made from由制成（看不出原材料）be made up of由组成/构成be made in产于，生产于（某地/某时）1). The wood here will _ tables.2). The bottle _ glass.3). The kind of wine _ grapes.4). This class _ 60 students.5). The machines _ China.10. The design for the room was of the fancy style popular in those days. (P1, L5) 琥珀屋的设计具有当时那个年代最流行的奇特风格。fancyadj. 奇特的，异样的I dont feel like making a fancy meal.fancy - vt. 想象,推测,假想1) Dont fancy that you can succeed without hard work.2) I cant fancy his doing such a thing.3) I fancied him to be dead.4) He fancies himself as a good writer.5) Do you fancy a glass of coffee?6) I dont fancy walking in the rain.fancy + that-/ones doing sth/sb to be/sb as/sth/doing sthof the fancy style. 在句子中用作表语，“be + of +名词（词组）”，表示主语的某种形状或特征。I am pleased to have been of help to you.我很高兴我对你有帮助。（of help = very helpful）All of the boys in the class are of the same age.这个班上的男生年龄都一样。They are of different sizes, but they are the same in weight.I dont find anything of interest in todays newspaperYour advise is of great help to learners of English.They are of great importance to us.of great importance= very importantof interest= interestingof use= usefulof value= valuableof help= helpful11. In return, the Czar gave the king of Prussia 55 of his best soldiers.in return (for) -as repayment (for)作为报答I really dont know what I can present in return.He did something in return for their kindness.12. About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors.琥珀屋约四米长，做了接待贵宾的小接待厅。serve as 担任，充当He served two terms as President.He served as a waiter there.When you sleep in the open, old newspapers can serve as a blanket.13. In 1770, the room was completed the way she wanted it.the way she wanted it 是方式状语从句，the way 的用法与连词相同，后面常常带that.I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted.另外，in a way, in the way 也有类似的用法。He was looking at her in a way that surprised her.We have to make it work in the way that they want it to.我们必须按照他们的想法把事情办好。14. This was a time when the two countries were at war.这是两国交战时期。at war 处于战争状态，介词at可表示状态或动作。at peace at breakfastat rest at tableat work at schoolat the piano at ones best15. The Russia were only able to remove the furniture and the small art objects from the Amber Room.furniture 家具的总称 U 不论受什么修饰，前面不能加不定冠词 a ，也不能用复数一件家具 a piece of furniture许多家具 pieces of furnituremuch furniture16.There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上开往哥尼斯堡that the boxes were then put on . 是同位语从句，表示与之同位的no doubt的实际内容同位语从句一般出现在某些名词（如）的后面，belief, fact, hope, idea, news, problem, possibility等，用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导同位语从句的词最常见的是连词that.They had to face the fact that the nearest filling station is thirty kilometers away.The doctors came to the conclusion that the patient was suffering from cancer.医生们作出了诊断结果：病人身患癌症。此类从句通常用that来引导，随着与其同位的名词不同，也可由when, where, whether, how 等来引出。I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他何时回来。He cant answer the question how he got the moneyThere is no doubt 后接名词时，用介词 about/ ofThere is no doubt about / of his honesty.doubt 也可作及物动词，“怀疑，不信”，在肯定句中常接whether / if 从句，在否定句中常接 that 从句I doubt whether we can get the first place in the competition.I dont doubt that he will tell us【模拟试题】听力部分略第一节：语法和词汇知识（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever答案是B.21. I think weve met somewhere before.No, _.A. it isnt the same B. it cant be trueC. I dont think so D. Id rather not22. Thousands of jobs _ if the shoe factory closes.A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose23. Tom, youve made great progress in your work, havent you?Yes, but much _ .A. remains to be done B. is remained to doC. remains to do D. is remained to be done24. China is the birthplace of kites, _ kite-flying spread to Japan, Thailand, Korea and India.A. from where B. from there C. in which D. and there25. Have you _?Yes, I _ for five years.A. been married; married B. got married; have marriedC. got married; have been married D. married; have married26. Next spring, _ you will spend in Qingdao, I think, will be another exciting holiday.A. when B. in which C. what D. which27. Zhao Fei _ Beijing University last year.That is to say, he _ a student of Beijing University. Its wonderful!A. was admitted as; was admitted to B. was admitted to; was admitted asC. was admitted to; has admitted as D. was admitted as; has been admitted to28. I havent time to see the film, _ the film is said to be not interesting.A. also B. still C. besides D. in addition to29. We are considering _ the job another way.A. to do B. doing C. how to do D. how doing30. I doubt _ he will succeed in being admitted to a university.A. that B. whether C. which D. when31. I met him in the yesterday morning, so he _ that meeting.A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attendedC. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended32. I would never ever come to this restaurant once again, the food here is so terrible!_.A. Neither am I B. Nor would I C. Same with me D. So do I33. I think Ill have a cold drink _ coffee.A. except B. but C. other than D. rather than34. She is a talented (天才的) musician _ being a teacher.A. as many as B. as well as C. as well D. as much35. The basketball team of No.1 Middle school is the best in this city. There is _ that our team will be defeated.A. no wonderB. no doubtC. no soonerD. no way第二节 完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，撑握其大意，然后从3655各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。One of the political issues （问题）that is heard a lot about in the States lately is campaign (竞选)finance (金融)reform . The people who are 36 for reform usually want the 37 to pay for campaigns and/or limit the amount of money that candidates （候选人）and their 38 can spend.One reason that reform is called for is that it costs so _39_ to compete for political office. Candidates have to spend a great deal of time and effort 40 money .The incumbents（任职者） have less time to do their jobs since they must 41 so many money raising events .Another 42 is the fear that candidates will be owned or 43 by the “special interest groups” that give money to their campaigns. Sometimes this certainly to be the 44 .On the 45 side are those who say that it doesnt mean its really 46 just because you call something “reform”. They argue that the right to freedom of speech is 47 if the government can limit anyones ability to get his or her message out to the people.If one person or a group of people want to tell the 48 what they think about an issue or candidate, they have to buy 49 on TV, radio, and in newspapers and magazines. They might want to put up advertisements along highways and on websites .All this costs a lot of 50 .Those against laws control or limit spending say that you dont really have freedom of 51 or freedom of the press if you cant get your message out. They say the government should never be able to control 52 discussions. They believe that this is most important when the voters are about to make 53 .What do you think about this 54 ?Listen to what the candidates for national office have to say. Which candidates 55 the most sense to you?36. A. waiting B. calling C. standingD. preparing37. A. governmentB. presidentC. candidatesD. citizens38. A. leadersB. bossesC. supportersD. states39. A. lotB. much C. plentyD. many40. A. raisingB. earningC. givingD. attend41. A. noticeB. reportC. guardD. attend42. A. eventB. costC. reasonD. office43. A. encouragedB. forcedC. controlledD. ordered44. A. jokeB. purposeC. caseD. example45. A. otherB. sameC. anotherD. different46. A. worseB. betterC. easierD. harder47. A. meaninglessB. unimportantC. unnecessaryD. impossible48. A. reportersB. truthC. storyD. public49. A timeB. copiesC. rightsD. advertisements50. A. energyB. effortC. timeD. money51. A. argumentB. opinionC. speechD. election52. A. common B. politicalC. generalD. special53. A. profit（利润）B. troubleC. plansD. decisions54. A. quarrelB. problemC. issueD. affair55. A. findB. makeC. createD. produce第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AThere are many types of reports. A report is simply an account of something that has happened. The commonest are news reports. We get them in newspapers, over radio and on television. Sometimes cinemas also show us newsreels.The main purpose of a newspaper is to provide news. If you examine a newspaper closely, you will find that there are all types of news: accidents, floods , fires, wars, fashions(时装), sports, books, etc. The news covers everything that happens to people and their surroundings. Sometimes there are news items which are very amusing.A news report is usually very short, except when it is about something very important, but it contains（包含） a lot of information. It is also written in short paragraphs . The first paragraph is in fact a summary（总结） of the news. It gives all the necessary information, what, when, where, how and why. The other paragraphs give full details of the subject. There may also be interviews with people .The words actually spoken by them are within inverted commas（引号）.There are photographs to go with the news to make it more interesting.56.The easiest way to get todays news is .A. to go to the cinema B. to watch a color TVC. to read todays newspapers D. to listen to the music over radio57.Newspapers sell well mainly because .A. they cost very littleB. they are easy to read.C. they have got pictures to go with the newsD. they provide all sorts of news in them58.If you want to get enough information about yesterdays traffic accident within a very short time, youd betterA. read the first paragraph of the news report in todays newspaperB. start from the second paragraph of the news report in todays newspaperC. look through the whole news report in todays newspaperD. talk with people who have seen the accident59.This passage mainly talks about .A. different types of reportsB. news reportsC. happenings to people and their surroundingsD. the length of a news reportB“Someday, therell be no Americans left in the NBA,” said 12-year-old Xing Tao, who joined his school team two weeks ago after watching Yao Ming in a televised NBA game. “The players will all be Chinese, like Yao.”To China, Yao is a homegrown superstar who helped make the worlds first basketball league closer to Chinese players. To the NBA, the 2.23-meter center offers an opening of a different sort into the worlds largest new market. Yaos NBA first appearance against the Indiana Pacers in October reached 287 million families in the US. That game might have been a bit of a letdown to Yaos fans: He played just 11 of the 48 minutes, had two rebounds and got no points. Comparing that with his performance on December 19, also against Indiana, Yao won 29 points and 10 rebounds. “This was one of the most exciting games Ive had,” Yao said after Houstons 95-83 victories. The NBA has to be excited about his on-count success. In all his games, hes averaging 12.7 points and 7.7 rebounds, quite good for a new star. “Yao Ming has brought the NBA closer to the Chinese,” said NBA spokeswoman Cheong Sau Ching, “That makes the dream seem practical for other people in China and proud to be Chinese.”The 22-year-old Yao is not the countrys first player in the NBA: Wang Zhizhi broke down the Dallas Mavericks in November 2020. But Yaos combination of modesty and skills make him a favorite back home.60. Whats the direct reason for Xing Tao to join the school basketball team?A. He watched an NBA game.B. He liked basketball.C. He hoped to play for NBA.D. He had a dream that he would become a basketball star.61. How many points did Yao Ming win in his first game in NBA?A. zero B. two C. 29 D. 1062. What does the word “letdown” in line 6, paragraph 2 mean?A. failure B. surprise C. disappointment D. sadness63. Why does Yao Ming win more popularity than Wang Zhizhi at home?A. He has performed excellently.B. He is modest.C. More and more Chinese people like to watch his games.D. A & B.64. Whats the main idea of this passage?A. Middle school students want to play basketbal