高一英语语法知识——非谓语动词人教版知识精讲

高一英语语法知识高一英语语法知识非谓语动词非谓语动词人教版人教版 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 语法知识非谓语动词 二. 教学目标 初步掌握非谓语的基本结构及用法 三. 教学重难点 掌握非谓语所能够充当的句子成分 （一）非谓语的分类以及各自在句子中所能充当的成分。 非谓语分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。 （动名词和现在分词形式 相同） 以下表格表示的是它们各自所能充当的成分： 类 别 成分 主语宾语表语定语状语补语 不定式 动名词 现在分 词 过去分 词 1. 不定式（to do，to be doing，to have done，to be done，to be being done，to have been done） （1）不定式在句子中做主语。 如： To be spoken highly of is his aim. To go there in time is his most important task now. It is his most important task to go there in time. It is a great joy to play football. When to start is the question. （2）不定式在句子中做宾语。 （以“to do”做宾语的动词主要有： ask，want，wish，hope，expect，help，refuse，learn，demand，dare，choose ，arrange，decide，agree，promise，plan，offer，manage，pretend，prepare ，fail，determine，long，seem 等） 如： They pretended to have finished their work. He had planned to finish it in time. They thought it necessary to go to church every weekend. We find it good to have a walk every day. They dont now where to go. （3）不定式在句子中做表语。 如： His dream is to be taught by that famous professor. The only thing he wants to do now is to study hard. His aim is to get the first place in the game. The question is which one to choose. （4）不定式在句子中做状语。 如： He got there on time just to see that film. We told him the truth to make him at ease. He got up early in order to catch the early train. He got home only to find that his home was broken into. （5）不定式在句子中做定语。 如： That is the room for us to live in. I have a lot of homework to do. Can you get me something to eat? They cant choose the right person to leave. The man to be sent there is a doctor. The man to go there is my brother. He has a chance to go abroad. He is always the first / last（one）to get to school. He is the best（one）to finish the work. （6）在句子中做宾补及词组中的不定式。 （以“to do”做宾补的动词主要有：ask，want， tell，get，order，beg，advise，warn，hate，like，encourage 等；以“do”作宾补的动词主 要有：see，watch，notice，hear，feel，let，make，have 等） ，有些形容词词组后面也要 接不定式这样的形容词主要有：surprised，excited，pleased，interested，worried，angry， proud，sorry，satisfied，afraid，ready，able；kind，easy，right，wrong，important， necessary，good，clever，wise 等。 如： They encouraged us to go ahead. He has got somebody to get his book back. We saw him go downstairs and leave the house. His mother made him do his homework until 10 oclock. He is pleased to have seen you here. Im glad to be talking to you like this. It is clever of him to do so. It is lucky for him to be invited to this meeting. 2. 动名词： （1）动名词在句子中做主语。 （与不定式比较） 如： To be a good teacher is his dream. Being delayed by the bad traffic is his usual excuse for his being late. To go there in time is his most important task now. Looking after the babies is the everyday job she must do. To do our homework carefully is very useful for us. Its very useful for us to do our homework carefully. Doing our homework carefully is very useful for us. It is no use working hard now. （2）动名词在句子中做宾语。 （以“doing”做宾语的动词主要有： mind，enjoy，finish， suggest，avoid，consider，fancy，imagine，escape，risk，miss，prevent，deny，admit， delay，give up，put off，leave off，set about，feel like，insist on，stick to，keep on，keep up， keep，depend on，think about/of，succeed in，cant help，cant stand，be/get used to， devote oneself to，look forward to，pay attention to，object to 等） 如： Do you mind my opening the window? He kept on running after tripping over himself. You can never depend on her coming on time. They are thinking about/of making Tom say sorry to the teacher. The car needs to be repaired. The car needs repairing. They like to go with us today. They like swimming after supper. They cant help crying while watching this sad film. Ive got used to doing my homework while listening to music. They look forward to seeing you. I forgot locking the door, and I went back to check it. （3）动名词在句子中做表语。 如： His job is feeding animals. His job is to feed animals. The only thing he does every day is reading newspaper. The only thing he wants to do now is to study hard. （4）动名词在句子中做定语。 如： Can you tell me where the reading room is? Which is the sleeping car of this train? Can you tell me where the washing room is? 注意：有些动词后面既可以接不定式又可以接动名词，而且这些动词又分为两 类： 1. 接不定式或动名词意义基本不变的有：like，love，hate，begin，start，continue，attempt， afford，prefer，propose，intend，neglect，cant bear 等。 如： He began doing / to do his homework. He continued doing / to do his homework. I cant afford going / to go there. He intended agreeing / to agree to this plan. He just neglected doing / to do this job. They cant bear hearing / to hear this at all. 2. 接不定式或动名词意义有变化的有：try，remember，forget，regret，mean，stop， go on 等。 如： He tried to find the nearest police station.（设法做） This dress is not so suitable for you. Why not try putting another on?（试试做） Remember to call me.（记着去做） He remembered seeing me before.（记得做过） He forgot to lock the door.（忘记去做） He forgot locking the door.（忘记做过） I regret to tell you a piece of bad new.（抱歉要做） I regret saying this to you.（抱歉做过） He meant to came here.（打算做） Missing the train means staying here for another 2 days.（意味着） He stopped talking.（停止做） He stopped to talk to me.（停下来做） He went on doing his homework after a rest.（继续做同一事） He went on to watch TV after finishing his homework.（继续做下一事） 3. 后接动名词宾语表示被动的几个动词，形容词：need，want，require，deserve，be worth The car needs/wants/requires repairing. This book deserves/is worth reading. 【典型例题】 例 1 We all think it useful _ English. A. learning B. being learnt C. to learn D. to be learnt （答案为 C，不定式做宾语，用形式主语 it 来代） 例 2 What a great surprise it is _ her here! A. seeing B. to see C. see D. that see （答案为 B，不定式做主语，用形式主语 it 来代） 例 3 He tried his best to get to the train station only _ that the train had left. A. find B. to find C. finding D. to be found （答案为 B，不定式做结果状语） 例 4 They have a good _ of the Chinese culture（文化）. A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. to be understood （答案为 B，名词 understanding，做“了解，理解”讲） 例 5 They have devoted themselves to _. A. teach B. teaching C. taught D. teaches （答案为 B，动名词当宾语） 例 6 _ after the animals is his daily（日常的）work. A. Look B. To look C. Looking D. Looked （答案为 C，抽象的日常的用动名词） 例 7 The building _ here now is a hospital. A. to build B. to be built C. building D. being built （答案为 D，现在分词作定语） 例 8 Its no good often _ others for help. A. asking B. ask C. to ask D. asked （答案为 A，Its no doing 句式） 例 9 What has made you so sad? _. A. Lost B. Losing C. Because I have lost D. Since I lost （答案为 B，上句中提问一个名词性质的词） 例 10 He is beginning _ his mistakes. A. seeing B. to see C. saw D. seen （答案为 B，begin/start 后面动名词与不定式都可以，且意义区别不大，但 如果它们以进行时出现后面则必须用不定式避免重复） 例 11 _ is to believe. A. Seeing B. To see C. Saw D. Seen （答案为 B，此种句式要求前后对称） 例 12 He objects to _ the new building. A. build B. be built C. building D. being built （答案为 C，object to doing 反对做） 【模拟试题】 一. 用不定式完成下列各句： 1. The doctor told .（李蕾好好休息） 2. Did you notice ?（有人离开房间吗？） 3. I saw Tom .（走进了书店） 4. I heard .（有人敲门） 5. You must get .（他今晚到这儿来一趟） 6. Its important .（学习英语发音） 7. I hope .（很快接到你的来信） 8. Be careful .（别感冒） 9. I like in summer .（去钓鱼） 10. I want .（成为一名教师） 11. This book is .（不容易懂） 12. He was too excited .（说不出话来） 13. Youd better speak clearly .（我们能听得更清楚一些） 14. He was pleased .（看见她身体这样好） 15. Han Meimei spent all her money .（为了穿得漂亮） 16. Hello , Mr Black , I have something important .（要告诉你） 17. I want you .（告诉我那个消息） 18. Can you tell me .（如何去那书店） 19. Do you know .（怎么写这个句子） 20. He asked me .（下一步该做什么） 二. 用动词的适当形式填空： 1. I shall never forget （meet）him on the first day at college. 2. Do you enjoy （visit）friends? 3. I really dont know what （say）. 4. He is clever at （learn）languages. 5. I expect you （come）at six. 6. Im looking forward to （come）back home. 7. The students were told （not go）out of the school. 8. They got used to （live）with him. 9. She is afraid of （be praised）. 10. We can help you （get）in the crops, and youd better （have）a rest. 11. The two old friends continued （talk）with each other. 12. I am sure the professor has agreed （meet）me. 13. He seems （have finished）his job. 14. I allowed her （go）home. 15. The book seems easy （read）. 16. I cant help （think）of （come）here again. 17. Its easy （say）but difficult （do）. 18. The book is worth （read）. 19. I used （go）to school late. 20. Its a pleasure （meet）the new teachers and （hear） them （introduce）themselves. 21. He blamed（指责）me for （not be）here on time. 22. Your （see）him again must be a surprise to you. 23. Its a waste of time （try）to do this job. 24. I object to （have）the meeting here. 25. I am sorry for （disturb）you. 三. 选择填空： 1. The boy promised（许诺） him more help . A. give B. to give C. that he give D. that he give 2. The teacher agreed lessons to his students . A. give B. that he give C. to give D. that he will give 3. All the students learned up words in a dictionary . A. look how B. how to look C. how look D. to how look 4. Nobody knew a living in that country . A. to go B. to make C. how to go D. how to make 5. The patient refused（拒绝） any medicine . A. have B. to have C. how to have D. to how have 6. The teacher explained（解释）to them the piano . A. that they played B. how they play C. to play D. how to play 7. I want you to the Summer Palace . Will you go ? A. that I take B. that I will take C. to take D. how to take 8. The baby started . Try it quiet . A. cry ; keep B. to cry ; to keep C. to cry ; keep D. cry ; to keep 9. He hopes better , but never works hard . A. how to study B. to how study C. to study how D. to study 10. Do you understand the car ? A. how to drive B. to how drive C. to drive D. that you drive 11. Did you notice the little boy away ? A. took the apple and run B. take the apple and run C. taking the apple and run D. who taking the apple and run 12. I never heard him so . A. say B. to say C. saying D. having said 13. Do you often see her for him at the bus stop ? A. wait B. to wait C. waiting D. being waited 14. The teacher made her students text twice a day . A. recite the B. reciting the C. to recite the D. recited the 15. She was seen paper planes in the room . A. made B. to make C. makes D. making 16. The doctor advised Lao Li more rest . A. that he get B. to get C. would get D. get 17. Tell Mary to them . A. not point B. not to point C. to not point D. point not 18. We sometimes heard songs in English . A. that he sing B. that he sings C. him to sing D. him sing 19. I wont have him at his mother . A. shout B. to shout C. shouting D. to have shouted 20. He made us on the tree . A. go To water B. to go to water C. go watering D. to go water 21. Mother often tells me some washing . A. help her do B. to help her do C. help her to make D. to help her to make 22. We have no money and no place . A. to live in B. to live C. living in D. living 23. I have a few words to you . A. say B. to say C. speak D. to speak 24. There is no chair for me . A. to sit at B. sit with C. to sit D. to sit on 25. Do you have anything for yourself ? A. tell B. say C. to tell D. to say 26. Here is the pen I want . A. to write with B. to write C. writing D. to writing 27. He has something about with them . A. to talk B. talk C. to tell D. tell 28. He is always the first and the last . A. coming , leaving B. to come , to leave C. comes , leaves D. come , leave 29. We have no time a rest . A. to make B. make C. taking D. to have 30. We have a lot of things . A. we learn B. we study C. to learn D. to study 31. I have three more letters today . A. I write B. to write C. to write to D. writing 32. They didnt have much time . A. to think it over B. to think over it C. could think it over D. could think over it 33. There are quite many books . A. to read B. read C. reading D. to be read 34. I dont feel some cooking . A. enough well to do B. well enough to do C. enough well and do D. well enough and do 35. Tom is waiting the doctor . A. to see B. for to see C. for seeing D. for see 36. The students used bikes water for Granny Wang . A. to carry B. carry C. carrying D. carried 37. His speech in English was difficult . A. in following B. for being followed C. to follow D. to be followed by 38. The water is good . A. to drink it B. to be drunk C. to drink D. at drinking 39. Do you think him easy ? A. to get along with B. to get along C. to be got along with D. to be got along 40. The man run out what was wrong with his horse . A. to see B. seeing C. see D. for seeing 41. This book is difficult . A. to be read B. to read C. read D. for reading 42. Remember the book in time when you have finished it . A. to return ; reading B. returning ; reading C. returning ; to read D. to return ; to read 43. Youd better the window now . A. not open B. to not open C. not to open D. not opening 44. This is the room . A. for me to live B. for me living C. my living in D. for me to live in 四. 选择： 1. She doesnt feel like _ there with you. A. go B. going C. to go D. went 2. Please remember _ your newspaper here. A. take B. to take C. taking D. taken 3. Is this your _ stick? A. walk B. walked C. walking D. to walk 4. The man left the room without _ by anybody. A. seeing B. seen C. be seen D. being seen 5. He kept up _ every day. A. run B. to run C. running D. ran 6. The driver looked sadly at the broken car, _ how much it would cost to repair it. A. wonder B. wondered C. wonders D. wondering 7. The students are waiting for the problems _（解决）. A. solved B. solve C. to solve D. to be solved 8. He suggested _ him to hospital at once. A. take B. to take C. taking D. took 9. They are thinking about _ off _ the meeting. A. put, hold B. putting, holding C. putting, hold D. put, holding 10. They forgot _ me a book already, and gave me a second one. A. give B. gave C. to give D. giving 11. They cant stand _ like this. A. be talked to B. to be talked to C. being talked to D. talking to 12. Do you think it necessary _ this work every day? A. do B. doing C. to do D. done 13. The boy is always the best one _ the job. A. to finish B. finish C. finishing D. finished 14. He is always the first _ and the last one _. A. to come, to leave B. coming, leaving C. come, leave D. come, left 15. The first thing he is going to do today is _. A. feed the animals B. feeding the animals C. to feed the animals D. fed the animals. 16. _ with him is a great pleasure. A. Talk B. Talking C. To talk D. Talked 17. Its best _ him now. A. not disturb B. not to disturb C. not disturbing D. not d