2020届高三英语第二轮复习考点 第4讲 单项选择——形容词和副词精讲精炼

2020;2020届高三英语第二轮复习考点精讲精炼第4讲 单项选择形容词和副词形容词、副词的位置以及易混淆的形容词、副词的用法形容词、副词的比较级结构；形容词、副词前面使用冠词的情况以及倍数的表达方法在比较状语从句中，所比较的人或事物之间的合理逻辑关系比较级的省略以及插入问题复合形容词的用法形容词的辨析(延边F)经典易错题会诊(延边F)命题角度1(延边F)形容词、副词的位置以及易混淆的形容词、副词的用法1. (延边F) (典型例题精选reen products are becoming more and more popular because they are environmentally .A. friendly B. various C. common D. changeable(延边F) 考场错解 D(延边F) 专家把脉 由于不能正确理解句意becoming，易和 changeable联系起来，所以造成错选D项。friendly友好的；various不同的，各式各样的；common普通的，常见的； changeable易变的。本句表达：因为绿色产品对环境友好，所以越来越受欢迎。(延边F) 对症下药 A2. (延边F) (典型例题精选)How is everything going on with you in Europe?Quite well. Not so smoothly as I hoped, .A. though B. insteadC. either D. too(延边F) 考场错解 B(延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查在具体语境中易混淆副词的含义和用法。根据句意“非常好。不过，没有期望的那样顺利。”这里though用作副词，意为“然而，不过”。(延边F) 对症下药 A3. (延边F) ( 典型例题精选 ) The house smells as if it hash t been lived in for years.A. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little考场错解 B(延边F) 专家把脉 此题考查形容词排列顺序问题。由于受汉语的影响易错选B。关于多个形容词的排列参看下面的“专家会诊”。(延边F) 对症下药A4. (延边F) (典型例题精选Did you enjoy yourself at the party?Yes. I ve never been to one before.A. a more excited B. the most excitedC. a more exciting D. the most exciting(延边F) 考场错解 D(延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查形容词或副词比较级作定语的用法，同时亦考查否定词与比较级连用的意义和用法。比较级与否定词连用表示最高级。根据题意C正确。(延边F) 对症下药 C5. (延边F) (典型例题精选 Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way to the Home Cirele Building.A. easy enough B. enough easy C. easily enough D. enough easily(延边F) 考场错解 D(延边F) 专家把脉 本句考查enough修饰副词的用法。副词enough修饰形容词或副词时一般放在其后面。故C项正确。错选D是受了汉语思维的影响。(延边F) 对症下药 C6. (延边F) (典型例题精选) It is any wonder that his friend doesn t like watching television much.A. no B. suchC. nearly D. hardly(延边F) 考场错解 A(延边F) 专家把脉 此题考查no wonder一词用法。译为“难怪”，既然中间插入any，我们知道no=not any，因此，填空处需要一个not即可，而hardly=almost not，故D正确。(延边F) 对症下药 D(延边F)专家会诊1 (延边F)英语中某些副词短语的意义和用法很重要。这类短语常见的还有：not a little, not a bit, not morethan, no more than, too much, much too, by far, more than,more than, no less than, not less than 等, 在平常练习中要加以注意。2(延边F)意义相近的形容词和副词的用法要加以注意: hard, hardly ; deep, deeply ; high, highly ; dead, deadly; most, mostly; fair, fairly; quite, fairy, rather; ahnost, nearly; such 等。3(延边F)多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时，多用下列顺序：性质+大小+形状+新旧+颜色，有时也要看与名词的密切关系，越密切越靠近名词。多个词同时作前置定语时的一般排列规律是：代词性定语+冠9-V指示/物主/所有格+数词(先序后基)+形容词+国籍/材f4/用途形容词或名词或动名词+被修饰的名词。如：a charming small round old brownFrench oak writing table.(延边F)考场思维训练1 (延边F) Excuse me, but can I borrow your pencil-box?A. blue cheap plastic B. cheap blue plasticC. plastic blue cheap D. plastic cheap blue1B解析：最近的是材料，最远的是一般性描绘形容词cheap。2 (延边F) Mr. Evans is wise than smart. Few people can solve such a problem.A. no less B. no moreC. less D. more2D解析：morethan与其说不如说。3(延边F) They found there was to weigh such an elephant.A. big enough nothing B. nothing enough bigC. enough nothing big D. nothing big enough3D解析：修饰不定代词时，形容词要后置，cnough修饰形容词或副词时，也要后置。(延边F)命题角度2(延边F)形容词、副词的比较级结构；形容词、副词前面使用冠词的情况以及倍数的表达方法1. (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) David has won the first prize in singing ; he is still very excited now and feels desire to go to bed.A. the most B. moreC. worse D. the least(延边F) 考场错解A或c(延边F) 专家把脉 解答本题首先要理解语境。David刚刚获奖，还很兴奋，那么睡觉的欲望当然是很少了。the least表示“最少的”的意思。(延边F) 对症下药 D2. (延边F) (典型例题精选)John is the tallest boy in the class,_ according to himself.A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eightC. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as(延边F) 考场错解 A(延边F) 专家把脉 名词foot在口语中和用作定语时复数形式可以是foot或feet。在“asaS”结构中，第一个as是副词，修饰形容词或副词，强调程度，后一个as引导比较状语从句。(延边F) 对症下药 B3. (延边F) ( 典型例题精选 ) Jenny has a good appetite recently.She kept weighing herself to see how much she was getting.A. heavier B. heavyC. the heavier D. the heaviest(延边F) 考场错解 B(延边F) 专家把脉 本题最容易出错的地方是考生难以理解句意中暗含的比较，常常误选B。因此，读懂题干是关键。Jenny所做的目的是“看看(比以前)重了多少”。(延边F) 对症下药 A4. (延边F) ( 典型例题精选 ) I think whoever makes contributions to the company than others should get income.A. greater; the higherB. more greater; a higherC. greater; the highestD. more greater; the highest(延边F) 考场错解B或D(延边F) 专家把脉 在解答本题时，如果没有把握好第一空和第二空的比较关系，那么就会导致错选D或B。比其“他人的收入都要高”，所以是最高级了。(延边F) 对症下药 C5. (延边F) (典型例题精选f the two sisters, Betty is one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.A. a younger B. a youngestC. the younger D. the youngest(延边F) 考场错解 A(延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查形容词的比较级用法。比较的范围已经给出of the two sisters，故排除B和D表示两个中较的一个，应是特指，应该用定冠词the，所以A不对。(延边F) 对症下药 C专家会诊1(延边F)形容词和副词比较级和最高级前的冠词用法：形容词最高级前须加the，副词最高级前可用可不用。做表语的形容词前如果没有比较范围和比较对象也可省去the，比较级在特指意义时须加the，泛指时可数单数须加a/anmost+原级形容词的结构中，前面用不定冠词a，arI或无冠词时，并非是最高级意思，most意思为very(非常)”。2(延边F)形容词比较级的倍数表达方式：比较级修饰词+as+adj/adv+as和比较级修饰词+as+ many/much+n+眠在“在asas”结构中，第一个 as是副词，修饰形容词或副词，强调程度。当某些副词如so，as，too，how等用来修饰名词前的形容词时，不定冠词放在该形容词之后，名词之前。后一个 as引导比较状语从句。表示倍数的三个句型是：(1)times as+形容词原级+as如：This table is three times as bis as that one(2)times the+性质名词+以如：This table is three times the size of that one(3)times+形容词比较级+than，如：This table is thtee timcx$bigger than that one3(延边F)比较级前可以用even，stm，a bit/little， mach，a lot，far，by far，no，not，any等修饰，表示程度。最高级前可以有序数词，by far，nearly， almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like等来修饰。如：一Is your father any better?你父亲好一点了吗?一Yes，mileh better是的，好多了oId like to buy the second most expensive lap- top4(延边F)形容词副词比较的对象应该相同但不能相互包容。常用以下结构形式：比较级+than+any other+单数名词：比较级+than+all(the)other+复数名词：比较级+than+any one else：比较级+than+anyof the other+复数名词。如：China is larger than any other country in Asia / all the other countries in Asia.The weather here is colder than that of Huang- gang.The computers made in our factory are better than those in your factory.(延边F)考场思维训练1 (延边F)Youd better go and buy some tomatoes for the dinner party, for you see, there are tomatoes left in the basket than I imagined.A. far more B. far fewer C. many more D. many fewer1B解析：far修饰比较级。2 (延边F) Are you satisfied with his work? Well, I m afraid it couldn t be .A. any better B. the best C. any worse D. the worst2D解析：否定词和比较级连用相当于最高级。(延边F)探究开放题解答(延边F)综合问题l(延边F)在比较状语从句中。所比较的人或事物之间的合理逻辑关系1. (延边F)Shanghai has a larger population in China.A. than any city B. than any citiesC. than any other city D. than all other city(延边F) 解答 C 注意比较的范围是in china而Shanghai是中国的城市之一，故用any other。(延边F)规律总结对三个或三个以上的人或事进行比较，也可用“比较级+the+any other”的结构。在类似这样的比较中，要避免不合逻辑的比较。(延边F)综合问题2(延边F)比较级的省略以及插入问题。1. (延边F)Her health isA. as poor as, if not poorer than, her sister sB. as poor as, if not poorer than, her sisterC. poor as her sister, if not poorerD. as poor, if not poorer than, her sister s(延边F) 解答 A(延边F) 解题思路 在第一个比较未完成以前，不应该插入另一个比较。同时选项B中her health不能和her sister相比。选项 C在形容词前缺少as，否则也是正确的。再如：The cell-phone in the other shop will be cheaper，but not as good(后面省略了as the ones in this shop)(延边F)规律总结对付此类省略的试题，最好的做法是将原句补充完整，答案便会一目了然。(延边F)综合问题3(延边F)复合形容词的用法1(延边F)Many students signed up for tlle race meeting to be held next week-A800 meter-long B800-meters-long- C800 meter-length D800-meter-length(延边F) 解答 A(延边F)规律总结复合形容词具备一般形容词的性质。根据形容词的构成，形容词可以分为单词形容词和复合形容词，如good和looking组成good-lookn，well和known组成well-known，以及数词+单数名词+形容词构成，如five-year-otd，在句中可以用作定语或表语。(延边F)综合问题4(延边F)形容词的辨新1. (延边F) Why didn t you buy the camera you had longed for?I had planned to, but I was50A. fewer B. less C. cheap D. short(延边F) 解答 D本题考查形容词在具体语境中的辨别使用。其语义为“我还缺50英镑”。而如果用fewer或 less，在本句中或上下文中都缺少比较成分，故不成立。 che印的主语应该是物而不应该是价格，因此空格处用 short作后置定语，意为“不足的，缺少的”。(延边F)规律总结理清各成分之间的逻辑关系，把握语境意义是做好此类题的关键。(延边F)考场思维训练1 (延边F)A sheep _ on this kind of special grass usually grows much faster than on ordinary.A. fed ; one B. feeds ; the one C. fed ; that D. feeding; it1A解析：one指代前文的sheep，泛指。2 (延边F)The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .A. ours B. those of ours C. it had for ours D. it did for us2D解析：用来指代it had a more important meaning for us。(延边F)考点高分解题综合训练I(延边F)单项选择1 (延边F) (典型例题精选 I m certain David s told you his business troubles. , it s no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank.A. However B. Anyway C. Therefore D. Though1B2 (延边F) (典型例题精选 )There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we gave up.A. eventually B. unfortunately C. generously D. purposefully2A解析：考查具体语境副词的用法。A项意为“最后，终于”；unfortunately令人遗憾地；generously慷慨地，丰富地；purposefully有意义地。3 (延边F) (典型例题精选) At times, worrying is a normal, response to a difficult event or situation - a loved one being injured in an accident for example.A. effective B. individualC. inevitable D. unfavorable3c解析：考查形容词词义用法effective有效的；individual个人的，个别的，独特的；inevitable不赞成的；结合句意，有时候，忧虑是人们对难事或困难状况的正常的、不可避免的一种反应。4 (延边F) (典型例题精选Would you like , sir?No, thanks. I have had much.A. some more oranges B. any more orangesC. some more orange D. any more orange4c 解析：委婉语气的文句中用some，排除B、D，由答语中的much可知问句中应用不可数名词orange意为橘汁，故选C。5 (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) Maggie has been fortunate to find a job she loves and, , she gets well paid for it.A. sooner or later B. what s moreC. as a result D. more or less5B 解析：本句考查副词短语，根据句意是强调Maggie得到的报酬好。6 (延边F) (典型例题精选) My mother always gets a bit if we don t arrive when we say we will.A. anxious B. ashamedC. weak D. patient6A 解析：如果我们不到，母亲总是有点担心，故选A。7(延边F) (典型例题精选)Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen this year.A. the best B. better C. the most D. more7B解析：否定词not/no/never+比较级，表示最高级的含义，本句意“这是我今年见到的最好的(成绩)”，故选B。8 (延边F) (典型例题精选 )Have you been in New Zealand?No, Id like to, .A. too B. though C. yet D. either8B解析：根据第二个人说的是“NoId like to go to New Zealand，thougIl I havent been there”的省略。9 (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) Mr. Smith owns collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met.A. larger B. a largerC. the larger D. a larger9B解析：collection在本句中是不可数名词，是泛指，应用不定冠词，下文有比较内容，故用a larger。10 (延边F) (典型例题精选) If it is quite to you , I will visit you next Tuesday.A. convenient B. fairC. easy D. comfortable10A解析：本句意为“如果你方便的话，下周二我将拜访你”。11 (延边F) ( 典型例题精选 ) Have your working conditions improved? No, than before. I m afraid.A. no better B. a little betterC. not worse D. no worse11A解析：由题干知“不可能比从前更好”。12(延边F) (典型例题精选 ) , the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.A. General speaking B. Speaking generalC. Generally speaking D. Speaking geneally12c解析：generally speaking，是垂悬分词作插入语，类似的还有：honestly speaking； strictly speaking； franklyspeaking等。13 (延边F) (典型例题精选) Follow your doctor s advice, your cough will get worse.A. or B. and C. then D. so13A解析：本题测试“祈使句+and/or+分句”。or否则，要不然。14 (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) Must I turn off the gas after cooking? Of course. You can never be careful with that.A. enough B. too C. so D. very14B解析：固定句型not/nevertoo意为“再也不过分，越越好”，故选B。15 (延边F) (典型例题精选)Your uncle seems to be a good driver, I wouldnt dare to travel in his car.A. even so B. even thoughC. therefore D. so15A解析：本句意为“你叔叔似乎是个好司机，虽然如此，我不敢乘他的车去旅行”。even so虽然，如此。16(延边F) (典型例题精选) No one has been able to prove that fish is better for the brain than many other kinds of food.A. some B. so C. as D. any16D解析：本题考查代词副词的用法。被选项中能修饰t匕较级的只有any，故选D。17 (延边F) ( 典型例题精选 ) Could you tell Lucy about the meeting when you see her?Sure, I will I see her.A. certainly B. fortunatelyC. probably D. immediately17D解析：本句意为我一见到她就告诉她。immediately在此句中相当于as soon as。18(延边F) (典型例题精选)Where does she work?In a bank. She did when I last saw her, .A. however B. throughC. yet D. anyway18D解析：此句表示“反正我上次看见她时，她还在银行上班”。anyway意为：反正，不管怎样。19(延边F) (典型例题精选) In time of danger, it s important that we keep .A. calm B. quiet C. still D. silent19A解析：本题考查词义辨析和语境。calm平静，冷静；quiet安静；still不动；silent寂静。20 (延边F) (典型例题精选)What do you think of my garden, Tom?I doubt whether there s one elsewhere.A. a good B. the betterC. the best D. a better20D解析：考查比较级“a+形容词比较级+名词”表示泛指。全句意为：我怀疑是否别的地方有比这个更好的花园。21 (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) Thanks to the satellite.s, football games come to us on TV.A. lively B. live C. alive D. living21B解析：live现场直播的，其他与题意不符。22 (延边F) 典型例题精选) As far as I m concerned, educa tion is about learning and the more you learn, .A. the more for life are you equippedB. the more equipped for life you areC. the more life you are equipped forD. you are equipped the more for life22B解析：考查固定用法“the+比较级，the+比较级”。前后都用陈述语序。23(延边F) （ 典型例题精选) i won t love you even if you fail in the coming exam.A. any more B. any lessC. no more D. no less23B解析：本题考查no less的用法。no less(than)=not anyless(than)表示“不亚于，和往常一样好”，排除C、D；no more表示“不再”，与题意不符。即使你在即将到来的考试中不及格，我也会像以前那样看你。24(延边F) It s your favorite?Maybe, but it s the place that I want to visit.A. worst B. last C. best D. latest24B解析：本题考查形容词最高级的意义区别。worst最糟糕的；last最后的；best最好的；latest最晚的，最近的，最新的。根据maybe表达的不确定语气可知B为正确选项。25(延边F) The little girl couldn t work the problem out. She wasn t clever.A. that B. much C. enough D. too25A解析：本题考查副词。That作副词时，相当于so，强调所指的某一程度；much作副词一般只用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级及动词；enough作副词，总是用在谓语所修饰的形容词或副词之后；too作副词时，强调事物的程度。26(延边F) We are moved because Mr. Smiths always prepares his lessens into the night.A. deeply ; deeply B. deep ; deepC. deeply; deep D. deep; deeply26c解析：表示抽象意义“深深地”用deeply。27 (延边F)I d like to sleep with the window .A. open wide B. open widelyC. wide open D. opened wide27C解析：wide修饰open表示开地宽大；widely意为“广泛地”。28 (延边F)My brother was still studying into the night while I was asleep.A. late ; sound B. lately ; wideC. deeply ; far D. far; late28A解析：late/far/deep into the night到深夜，sound asleep 酣睡。29 (延边F)He lives in the house where he was born.A. already B. yet C. still D. ever29c解析：still，yet表示“仍然，还”，前者用于肯定句，后者多用于否定句或疑问句。30(延边F) Im glad to say that she has already finished 50% of the book in three days.A. no less than B. no more thanC. not more than D. much less than30A 解析：no more than仅仅，not more than不如，much lessthan比少多了，no less than不亚于，多达。(延边F)完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从3150各题所给的四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。School was over and I was both mentally and physicallytired. I sat at the very front of the bus because of my 31 to get home. Sitting at the front makes you 32 out like a shiny coin in a pile of dull pennies.Janie, the driver, tries to break the 33 atmosphere by striking the match of 34 . I try to mind my manners and 35 listen, but usually I am too busy thinking about my day. On this day, 36 her conversation was worth lis- tening to.My father is sick, she said to no one in 37 . I could see the anxiety and fear in her eyes. With a sudden change of attitude and interest, I asked, What s wrong with him?With her eyes wet and her voice tight from 38 the tears, she responded, Heart trouble. Her eyes lowered as she 39 . Ivealreadylostmymum, soldontthinkI can stand losing him. I couldnt respond. I was 40 . My heart ached for her. I sat on the old, smelly seat thinking of the great 41 my own mother was thrown into when her father died. I saw how hard it was, 42 still is, for her. I wouldn t like any- one to go 43 that.Suddenly I realized Janie wasn t only a bus driver. That was 44 her job. She had a whole world of family and con- cerns too. I had never thought of her as 45 but a driver.I suddenly felt very 46 . I realized I had only thought of as 47 as what their purposes were in my life. I paid no attention to Janie because she was a driver. I had judged her by her job and brushed her off as 48For all I know, I m just another person in 49 elses world, and may not even be important. I 50 not have been so selfish and self-centered. Everyone has places to go, peopleto see and appointment to keep. Understanding people is an art.31. (延边F)