2020届高考英语 考前冲刺精选专题资料汇编阅读理解（二）

2020;2020届高考英语考前冲刺精选专题资料汇编阅读理解（二）AJeanne Clamant, a French woman, became a record breaker on 17 October of 1995, when at the age of 120 years and 238 d高考资源网ays, she became the longest-lived human being on record. A Japanese man died in 1986 at the age of 120 years and 237 days.Jeanne Clamant lives in a small old peoples home in the south of France; her husband, her only child and her grandson have all died. She is nearly blind and deaf and is always in a wheelchair, but her doctor describes her as being more like a 90-year-old in good health than someone of 120. She still has a lively sense of humor. When asked on her 120th birthday what she expected of the future, she replied: A very short one. She also remarked that she thought the good Lord had forgotten all about her.So what is the key to a long life? According to some doctors, diet, exercise and no smoking are the three important factors. Jeanne Clamant has followed two of the tips(窍门). She has always eaten a healthy diet, and she used to do exercises every day until she broke her leg at the age of 115. However, until recently she drank two glassed of strong red wine a day, and she does smoke (now only a little). Besides, Jeanne Clamant might have got very good genes(基因) from her parents. Her father lived to the age of 94 and her mother to 86.A local lawyer bought her house when she was 80 under an agreement that he would pay her some money every year until her death. It must have seemed a good move at the time, but so far the lawyer has paid her at least three times the value of the house. Every year on her birthday Jeanne Clamant sends him a card saying:Sorry, Im still alive!1. How does Jeanne Clamant feel about her old age?A. She is miserable and unhappy.B. She is cheerful and humorous.C. She would like to live much longer.D. She feels she is going to die very soon.2. Jeanne Clamant owes her good health and long life to _.A. smoking only a little every dayB. her giving up smoking and drinkingC. drinking two glasses of strong red wine every dayD. the good genes from her parents, a healthy diet and some exercises3. Which of the following could best replace the word “move” in the fourth paragraph?A. dealB. trickC. march D. sport4. Why does Jeanne Clamant say “Sorry, Im still alive” to the local lawyer every year on her birthday?A. Because she had an agreement at 80 with the lawyer which was to her advantage.B. Because she has asked the lawyer to pay her more rent than they first agreed.C. Because the lawyer has paid her much more money than the value of the house.D. Because the house she sold to the lawyer isnt worth the money he has already paid.出处 学英语报体裁 夹叙夹议话题 世界上最长寿的一位法国老太太阅读策略 注意提到的观点入选理由 此篇难度不大，话题贴近实际，引起学生兴趣1. B。细节题。根据文章内容及第2段第3句 She still has a lively sense of humor 可推知此题答案为 B。2. D。细节题。根据文章第 3 段第4句 She has always eaten a healthy diet 及倒数第 2 句 Jeanne Clamant might have got very good genes (基因) from her parents 可推知此题答案为 D。3. A。词义猜测题。根据此单词所在句子的前面部分 A local lawyer bought her house under an agreement that he would pay her some money every year until her death 可推知此题答案为 A。4. C。推断题。文章倒数第 2 段第 1 句说 so far the lawyer has paid her at least three times the value of the house，而老太太本人也感到不好意思，据此可推知答案为 C。BOn May 29, 1973, Thomas Bradley, a black man, was elected mayor of Los Angeles. Los Angeles is the third largest city in the United States, with a population of three million. About sixteen percent of the citys population are black.News of this election appeared on the front pages of newspapers everywhere in the United States. Here is how one major newspaper reported the event:LOS ANGELES ELECTS BRADLEY MAYOR UNSEATING YORTYBLACK WINS 56% OF VOTESBradley called his victory over Yorty “the fulfillment (实现) of a dream”. During his childhood and youth, people had kept telling him, “You cant do this, you cant go there, because you are a Negro.” Nevertheless he had won a decisive victory over a man who had been won 43.7 percent.Los Angeles voters have had many opportunities to judge. Thomas Bradley had to form an opinion of him. The son of a poor farmer Texas, he joined the Los Angeles police force in 1940. During his twenty-one years on the police force he earned a law degree by attending school at night. He was elected to the city council (市政厅) ten years ago.At the time of the Los Angeles election, three other American cities already had black mayors, but none of those cities had as large a population as Los Angeles. Besides, the percentage of blacks in those other cities was much larger. Cleveland, Ohio, had thirty-six percent black when Carl Stokes was elected mayor of Cleveland in 1967. In the same year Richard Hatcher was elected mayor of Cary. In Newark, New Jersey, sixty percent of the population were black when Kenneth Gibson was elected in 1970. Thus election of a black mayor in those cities was not very surprising.In Los Angeles thousands of white citizens voted for Thomas Bradley because they believed he would be a better mayor than the white candidate(候选人). Bradley had spent forty-eight of his fifty-five years in Los Angeles. Four years ago Bradley lost mayoral election to Yorty. This time Bradley won.5. In the authors opinion, it was surprising that _.A. the whites would vote for a black mayorB. a black mayor would be elected in such a large cityC. a black from a poor farmers family could be elected mayor of Los AngelesD. there would be so many black mayors6. From the passage we can infer that people _.A. voted for Bradley because of his black colorB. didnt care much about his color when they votedC. voted for him to give a chance to fulfill his dreamD. voted for Bradley because they trust him7. Bradley hit the front page headline for _.A. he was the first black mayor in historyB. he was the first black mayor in the south of USAC. he was the first black mayor of one of the largest cities in USAD. a poor farmers son could also win an important election8. From Bradleys victory in the election we can see that _.A. blacks had equal rights as whites in the USAB. black peoples situation began to be improving much more than beforeC. one can be successful through hard work in the USA no matter what color he isD. it is certain that someday the USA will have a black president出处 学英语报体裁 新闻话题 一位黑人当选为市长阅读策略 注意开头句入选理由 热点问题，引起兴趣5. A。推断题。根据文章第1段最后一句：洛杉矶黑人的比例为16%以及倒数第2段所描述其他几个城市的黑人的比例(分别是36 %、55 %、60 %)可推此题答案为A。6. D。细节题。根据文章最后一段第1句because they believed he would be a better mayor than the white candidate可推知此题的答案为D。7. C。细节题。根据倒数第2段第1句three other American cities already had black mayors, but none of those cities had as large a population as Los Angeles可推知此题的答案为C。8. B。推断题。运用排除法：选项A显然与原文内容不符；选项C和D文章没提及，况且此两项过于忽略美国的种族矛盾，不宜选；只有选项B原文内容较相符。CA lot of us lose lifes tough battles by starting a frontal(正面的) attackwhen a touch of humor might well enable us to win. Consider the case of a young friend of mine, who hit a traffic jam on his way to work shortly after receiving an ultimatum(最后通牒) about being late on the job. Although there was a good reason for Sams a being lateserious illness at homehe decided that this by-now-familiar excuse wouldnt work any longer. His supervisor was probably already pacing up and down preparing a dismissal speech.Yes, the boss was, Sam entered the office at 9:35. The place was as quiet as a locker room(更衣室); everyone was hard at work. Sams supervisor came up to him. Suddenly, Sam forced a grin and stretched out his hand. “How do you do!” he said. “Im Sam Maynard. Im applying for a job. Which, I understand, became available just 35 minutes ago. Does the early bird get the worm?”The room exploded in laughter. The supervisor clamped off a smile and walked back to his office. Sam Maynard had saved his jobwith the only tool that could win, a laugh.Hum difficult situations in our lives. It can be used for patching up differences, apologizing, saying “no”, criticizing, getting the other fellow to do what you want without his losing face. For some jobs, its the only tool that can succeed. It is a way to discuss subjects so sensitive that serious dialog may start a quarrel. For example, many believe that comedians(喜剧演员) on television are doing more today for racial and religious tolerance(忍受力) than people in any other forum.9. Why was Sam late for his job?A. Because he was ill.B. Because he got up late.C. Because he was caught in a traffic jam.D. He was busy applying for a new job.10. The main idea of this passage is _.A. Sam Maynard saved his job with humorB. humor is important in our livesC. early bird gets the wormD. humor can solve racial discriminations11. The phrase “clamped off” in Paragraph 3 means _.A. tried to hold back B. tried to set C. charged D. gave out12. Which of the following statements can we infer from the passage?A. Many lose lifes battles for they are lacking in a sense of humor.B. It wasnt the first time that Sam came late for his work.C. Sam was supposed to come to his office at 8:30.D. Humor is the most effective way of solving problems.出处 英语报体裁 记叙话题 幽默的重要性阅读策略 注意故事的开头结尾入选理由 情节发展有趣，生动9. C。细节题。根据who hit a traffic jam on his way to work可知，他迟到的原因是他碰上了交通堵塞。10. B。主旨题。根据短文第 1 句是主题句 A lot of us lose lifes tough battles by starting a frontal(正面的) attack when a touch of humor might well enable us to win (在人生很多场激烈的争斗中，我们如果与人硬碰硬正面交锋的话，可能败得一塌糊涂。而幽默往往使我们反败为胜)和文章第 4 段第 1 句，可知整篇短文讲的是幽默的重要性。11. A。词义猜测题。前面提到老板连辞退他的话都想好了，而Sam开的这个玩笑使人们哄堂大笑。而老板为了树立他的威严，仍然强忍住笑。故答案为A。12. B。 推断题。根据 shortly after receiving an ultimatum(最后通牒) about being late on the job 我们可以了解到，Sam不止一次上班迟到了。It was late in a spring afternoon. I was sitting at a fruit stand beside Beihai Lake looking at the shinning ripple(波纹), which awoke me to a full sense of life.A mother and her daughter were sitting opposite to me. The latter, a lovely girl of seven or eight with a pretty, small nose, was occupied with an ice cream. Her mother, holding the childs sweater, was whispering to her.A sudden breeze blew and the child sneezed. Her mother rapidly put the sweater on her and began to button it up. In her hurry the buttons were wrongly matched, which was unnoticed by her until several had been done. The mother at once unbuttoned the sweater and did it again. Such an unimportant incident, however, did not escape the childs eye. “Ha-ha, mum, see how your mind has wandered!” said the girl with a loud laughter, which brought a bit angry look to the mothers face.As an onlooker, I imagined a good dressing down for the little girl because of the impolite remark she made. But instead there was only an embarrassing interval of a few seconds. Then I heard the mothers gentle voice: “Yes, it surely has, for my heart has gone out to you!” said the mother, pointing a kind finger at the girls little chest. The child blinked(眨眼) puzzlingly, hiding her red face in the arms of her mother who hugged her gently. A smile of satisfaction spread over the mothers face.I was deeply moved by the scene of motherly love. What was the most praiseworthy thing about the mother was her way of treating the childs behavior. Nowadays many people seem to forget that the best way to educate a child is not tolerating or blaming, or even moral lecturing, but tender enlightening with love. （苏州东山中学高考模拟卷）1. How did the mother treat her daughters loud laughter?A. She tolerated it.B. She enlightened her daughter with love.C. She gave her daughter a lesson.D. She ignored it.2. Which is the best understanding of the sentence underlined in the fourth paragraph?A. The daughter loved her mother very much.B. The daughter realized she misunderstood her mother and felt shame.C. She was angry at her mothers carelessness.D. She felt cold and hid herself into her mothers arm.3. Which of the following statements is true?A. The child was very naughty.B. Many people are short of love.C. The writer was familiar with the mother.D. The writer cant agree more with the mothers way of educating her child.4. What does the writer intend to tell us by writing the passage?A. A mother should take care of her child.B. A child should be polite to his or her mother.C. What is the best way to educate a child.D. A mother shouldnt pay much attention to her childs behavior.解析：本篇记叙文通过描写母亲扣错纽扣这一细微的疏忽造成女儿的误解到谅解，教育父母要用正确的方法教育子女，从而让彼此体会真正的关爱，描写手法细腻，同时还考查学生语篇意识和逻辑思维能力；1. B 细节事实理解题。根据第4段里母亲的回答及最后一段的最后一句可知答案应选B。2. B 句义理解题。女儿听了母亲的回答后发现母亲扣错扣子并非因心不在焉而是太关爱她所致，于是难为情地扑向母亲的怀抱。3. D 细节事实理解题。根据最后一段的第二句What was the most praiseworthy thing about the mother was her way of treating the childs behavior。4. C主旨题。根据最后一段可看出作者的写作意图是表明用爱心去感化启迪孩子是最好的教育方式。（B）Some spiders hunt on the ground, others build webs to trap their food, but the grass water spider catches its prey by running along the surface of the water.This special water spider lives on the grassy banks of streams where mosquitoes, damsel flies and other insects come to feed and breed.Although it is one of the largest spiders in New Zealand, it has an unusual ability. It doesnt disturb the water as it waits for its meal, and there is barely a ripple(波纹) when it skims across the surface at lightning speed to catch its prey.Grass water spiders deal swiftly with larger insects like damsel flies by pulling their heads under the water and holding them there until they drown.After a meal, the grass water spider spends up to half an hour grooming(修饰) itself. It wipes its eight eyes, brushes its antennae, and takes special care toclean the hairs on its body.It is the hairs that trap tiny bubbles of air so that the spider can run down a blade of grass and stay underwater for up to an hour when it is frightened. The hairs also keep the spider dry, even underwater.It is only when the female spider is caring for the young that she does not hunt on the water. After mating,she produces a large egg sac(囊),which she carriesaround for five weeks. Once the eggs start to hatch, she attaches the sac to some blades of grass or a thistle. She then tears the sac open and releases the tinyspiders into the nursery web.(黄冈中学2020;2020届高三期末)1. How does the grass water spider kill its prey?A. in a webB. by drowningC. by poisoning D. with its antennae2. the writer describes the special spider as “special” because _.A. it walks on waterB. it has eight eyesC. of its hairy appearanceD. of the way it produces its young3. The passage tells us that the spider _.A. feeds grass and thistles to its young.B. lives on blades of grass under the waterC. lives in the grass on the banks of streamsD. eats a meal once every five weeks4. The purpose of the passage is to _.A. convince readers that spiders are dangerousB. indicate that the grass water spider is endangeredC. list all of the spiders that can be found in New ZealandD. describe the characteristics of the grass water spider解析：本篇科普说明文介绍了一种水蜘蛛的生活情况。它重在考查学生根据上下文语境逻辑推理能力。1. B. 细节题。根据文章第4段描述by pulling their heads under the water and holding them there until they drown.可推知此题答案为B。2. A. 细节题。根据文章第1段后面的并列分句by running along the surface of the water.3. C. 细节题。根据文章第2段第1句This special water spider lives on the grassy banks of streams.4. D. 主旨题。本文主要介绍了这种水蜘蛛的生活情况，由此可知作者的目的是要读者了解水蜘蛛的特征.（C）The pound new Library of Birmingham（LoB）will be the most visible sign of theway the city is accepting the digitalization（数字化）of everyday life.Set to open in 2020;2020, the 188m LoB is already beginning to tale shape next tothe Birmingham Repertory Theatre, with which it will share some equipment.As digital media（媒介）is important toits idea. the project is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies.Brian Gambles, the LoB project director,anys it is about gieing people the ringht tools for learning, “The airn is to aix the physical with the digital. Providing 24-hour services which can be used throusl, niany Jilleren, ways. It is important to enable us to reach more people, more effectively.”The digital library will, he says, be as important as the physical one, allowing thedistant use of the services, making sure that it is never closed to the public.Even before the LoB is complete, the public has been able to go online to visitthe Virtual（虚拟的）LoB, designed by Baden, the birmingham virtual worlds specialists. Not only have the public been able to learn about LoB, but the virtualone has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens.Two other small Birmingham-based digital companies are working on the LoB projects. Subetns, a digital design company, is developing what it calls “calargod reality”