2020届高考英语 考前冲刺精选语法定语从句

2020;2020届高考英语考前冲刺精选语法定语从句I 定义：在句中起定语的作用、修饰句子中的名词或代词的从句。因其功能类似形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。II 三要素： 先行词关系代词（who, whom, whose, which，that, as)关系副词（when ,where, why)关系词在定语从句中充当成分III 定语从句分类: 限定性定语从句，非限定性定语从句IV 定语从句中关系代词的判断以及关系词判 断 步 骤 : 首先，要辨别出先行词。划出定语从句确定关系词，确定关系词在从句中的成分a, 缺少成份（主语，宾语）选择关系代词如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或thatb, 不缺成份 选择关系副词V定语从句中的注意事项1.只能用which, that或who, whom的情况。有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句.This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard.The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.先行词是all,something,nothing,anything不定代词时,只能用that.Here is something( that) I will tell you.Not all that glitters is gold.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see.先行词是one of,the one, 或用little,few, no, all,any 作修饰，用thatIs it the one that you want ?We havent got much that we can offer you.当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，关系词用thatWhich is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?用who,而不用that先行词是one(s),anyone,someone, those时，关系词使用whoThose who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth.在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用whoThere is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young men who are against him.有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which非限制定语从句，从句中缺少主语或者宾语时只用 which介词提前只用whichHe came late for the meeting , which made us very disappointed.I cant find the shop in which I bought the book.whose的用法I live in the house, _ door faces south.I live in the house, the door _ faces south.I live in the house, _ the door faces south.关系代词与关系副词的用法区别Ill never forget the days_ we worked together.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.This is the reason _he was late.This is the reason _he gave.4. Which和as的区别The sun heats the earth, _ is very important to us.He failed in the exam, _ was expected.A. that B. as C. which D. itWhat is known to all is that.It is known to all thatas引导定语从句常用结构as is often the case;as we all expected/ is expected;as has been mentioned above;as you describe;as can be seen in the chart;as is known / said/ reported / announcedas (it) often happens, as (it) appears5. same as和the same that的区别。I want to buy the same pen _ you are using.This is the same bicycle _ I have lost.A. that B. as C. which D. itSuch/soas和such/sothat的区别。This is _ stone _ no one can lift it.This is _ stone _ no one can lift.A. so heavy a, that B. so a heavy, as C. such a heavy, as D. such heavy a, that7. “介词+关系代词”中介词的选择问题(介词短语和动词短语)。The film was made at the place _ Chairman Mao was born. The film was made at the place _ Chairman Mao was born in.The film was made at the place in _ Chairman Mao was born. (介词的位置) Id like to give my thanks to those _ help my son has been able to survive.A. who B. that C. with whose D. with their介词的选择 In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ _she could turn for help.I have to wear glasses, _ _ I can see nothing.China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _is the Yellow River.7.是否缺先行词。Is this the school _ Tom once studied at?Is this school _ Tom once studied at?Is this the school _Tom once studied?A. the one that B. where C. the one where D. which定语从句的主谓一致。He is the only one of the students _ got very good marks in the match.He is one of the students _ got good marks in the match.A. who have B. who hasI, who _ your husband, should be responsible for you. (be)To own a computer in families, which we thought_ impossible 20 years ago, now becomes true. (be)定语从句与同位语从句、状语从句、强调句、并列句的区别。 Word came _ their army was defeated.We expressed to them our wish _ was the same as their.It is the hotel _ we stayed in last night.It was in the hotel _ we stayed last night.10.定语从句中如果先行词是the way的情况I dont like the way _ you speak to her. You introduced me many ways _are may useful to me.A. in which B. C. that D. all above11 what 与 定语从句引导词which/that Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. which B. what C. whatever D. that He came late again, _ made his teacher very angry._ made the teacher angry was that he came late again.A. it B. what C. which12 定语从句中的特殊先行词situation, point, case, occasion I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. Weve reached the point _ both sides disagreed.Occasions are quite rare_ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.13. 判断是否是定语从句If the project should be delayed for a day, _ would mean we would be fined $100,000.A. that B. which C. and itHe came late for school again; _ made his teacher angry.He came late for school again,_made his teacher angry.He came late for school again and/so _made his teacher angry.随堂练习1. Luckily we had a map, without _ _ we would have got lost.A. so B. it C. that D. which2Is this problem _the teacher explained last week?A the one Bthat Cwhich Done3The high building _ stand four policemen is the police stationAwhich Bthat Cin front of it D. in front of which4I dont like the way_ you speak to your teacherA Bin that C. which Dof which5The days_ we spent in Tokyo together will never be forgotten.A. when Bwhich Cwho Don which6Perhaps this is the only shop_ you can get such cheap goods.A. that Bof which Cby which Dwhere7He told the same story _ I told.A. that B. which C. as D. it8. The foreign guests, _ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of themB. most of thatC. most of whomD. most of those9. I have bought two pens, _ write well.A. none of whichB. neither of whichC. both of whichD. all of which10. We should read such books _ will make us better and wiser.A. whenB. asC. whoseD. what11. That is one of those books that _ worth reading.A. isB. areC. has D. have12. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.A. with whomB. whenC. to whomD. which13. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to himB. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking toD. who the nurse is talking14. Do you know the man _ just now?A. to who I nodded B. I nodded toC. whom I nodded D. Whom I nodded to him.15. Can you solve such problems _ raised by the audience?A. what were B. as were C. that were D. which were16. I have many books, the best _ was borrowed by Mary.A. about them B. of which C. among them D. in which17. She showed me the dictionary _ she paid a lot of money.A. by which B. to which C. for which D. on which18. Abraham Lincoln is a man _ I have the greatest respect.A. who B. to whom C. whom D. for whom19. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose20 .When you read the map,