2020届高考英语 考前冲刺精选语法资料虚拟语气详解

2020;2020届高考英语考前冲刺精选语法资料虚拟语气详解虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时，用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或表示某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句If he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气）If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气）If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。 （非真实条件状语从句）If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实条件状语从句）2、在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他+if+主语+did/ were+其他例：1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：学习不用功）2、表示与过去事实相反的情况主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他+if+主语+had done +其他例：1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测（可能相反或可能性很小）主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他if+主语+did/should/were to do+其他1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 （事实：来的可能性很小）2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪）3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构,这时候，如果出现not等否定词，否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用，但频频出现在各类考试中出现，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达，副词otherwise等表达出来。值得注意的是，包含but for的句子，谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式，但包含without等短语的句子，谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。虚拟语气（Subjective Mood)的其他用法其他形式的虚拟语气 it is +necessary等形容词后，that主语从句中虚拟形式使用，这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等.例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly. 在Its (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式，例如It is high time that you went to school 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用（谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同）表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。例如：He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词用过去完成式。 在lest 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should )+ 动词原形。例如： The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.（1998年1月四级第38题） 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。例如： Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done(动词过去分词）eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道）c、表示将来难以实现的愿望谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）虚拟语气用在一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建议(advise. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。如 He suggested that we (should) take the teachers adviceHe insisted that we (should) take the teachers adviceHe demand that we (should) take the teachers adviceHe ordered that we (should) take the teachers advice注：insist如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。如：He insist he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。如： His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担心。这个句子