2020届高考英语词汇综合练系列05（冲刺段）（含解析）

2020届高考英语词汇冲刺段综合练05一、单项填空1-7代词、连词和名词1.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)Ive sold my first painting!This is really _! Someone actually thinks your painting fantastic.A. everything B. anythingC. nothing D. something【答案】D【解祈】句意：我卖掉了我的第一幅画！太棒了！一定有人认为你的画是极好的。This/It is really something为习惯用法，意为“太棒了，好极了”。该句中something指“重要的事物(人)，有一定意义的事物”，符合句意。故答案选D。2.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)Its down to you to pick up the lecturer to give us the report tomorrow.Yes. But how can I pick him out _ Im in the dark about his appearances?A. while B. though C. once D. when【答案】D3.(湖北省2020届高三4仿真月供卷)In recent years, there is growing _ for people to shop online, and most people more or less have the experience shopping online.A. situationB. purposeC. intentionD. tendency【答案】D【解析】句意：近年来，人们在网上购物有增长的趋势，并且大多数人或多或少有网购的经验。situation处境；purpose目的；intention意欲，打算；tendency趋势。故选D。4.(湖北省2020届高三4仿真月供卷)The wide _ of electronic computers in science and technology will free man free the labour of complicated measurement and computation.A. approachB. appreciationC. applicationD. appointment【答案】C【解析】句意：电脑在科学技术领域的广泛应用将把人类从复杂的测量与计算中解脱出来。approach方法；appreciation感激，欣赏；application应用，申请；appointment任命。故选C。5.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练) After his father died suddenly without finishing his research in a certain field, Xiao Jun determined to follow his _ to complete it.A. trial B. track C. remarks D. trap【答案】B【解析】trial 审判；track 踪迹；remarks评论；trap陷井。句意：父亲没有完成他在某个领域的研究任务突然去世以后，小君决定沿着父亲的足迹来把这个研究完成。故选B。6.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)In order to rescue the miners caught in the flood quickly, the rescuers have got a busy _.A. settlement B. identity C. scheduleD. security【答案】C【解析】settlement定居；identity身份；schedule时间表；security安全。句意：为了尽快地营救被困矿工，营救人员时间很紧张。根据句意选C项。7.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)Practice is the only _ to testify truth, while learning of theory eventually serves practical application.A. evidenceB. elementC. criterionD. contrast【答案】C【解析】句意：实践是检验真理的唯一标准，而理论学习最终将服务于实践应用。evidence证据； element 元素； criterion (评判)标准；contrast对比。根据句意可知，criterion符合句意。故答案选C。8-12介词和介词短语8.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)Why not talk with your parents about your willingness to attend 2020 Peking University Summer Camp?I tried _ to get them to listen to me.A. in time B. in vainC. in need D. in case【答案】B9.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)In order to encourage participation in class activities, teachers may call on students _ whether they have raised their hands.A. regardless ofB. instead ofC. in terms of D. on top of【答案】A【解祈】句意：为了鼓励学生参与班级活动，老师可以号召学生，不管他们是否举手(想要参加)。regardless of不管，不顾，不理会，符合句意。故答案选A。instead of而不是；in terms of就而言，在方面；on top of 除了。10.(江苏省清江中学2020届高三考前一周双练冲刺模拟卷二)The best thing you can give children, _ good habits, are good memories.A. far fromB. next toC. but forD. except for【答案】B【解祈】far from远离，远非；next to紧邻，在近旁，仅次于，紧接；but for要不是，要是没有，若非；except for除之外(就没有)，若不是。句意：你所能给孩子的最美好的东西除了好习惯以外，就是给他们以美好的回忆(字面意思是：你所能给孩子的最美好的东西就是给他们以美好的回忆，仅次于给他们好的习惯)。11.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)Its difficult for China and America to fully understand each other _ economic, political and cultural differences.A. in terms of B. in spite of C. regardless of D. on account of【答案】D【解祈】in terms of 就而言，在方面；in spite of尽管，不管；regardless of 不管，不顾；on account of 因为。句意：因为经济，政治和文化方面的差异，中国和美国很难充分相互理解。12.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)I like that bookstore because whenever I buy a book there, they will offer me a book cover _.A. for good measureB. at any costC. beyond my reachD. on their own【答案】A【解祈】句意: 我喜欢那家书店, 因为每当我到那里购书, 他们都会另外赠送我一个书的封面。for good measure固定短语，意为“额外，作为额外的东西”；at any cost不惜任何代价；beyond my reach超出我的能力范围；on their own只靠他们自己的力量，独立地。13-20副词和形容词13.(湖北省七市州2020届高考教科研协作体4月联合考试)There is a growing concern that if waste electronic devices like phones are not recycled, they can _ fall into someones hands, leading to personal data being stolen.A. logically B. illegally C. normally D. regularly【答案】B14.(湖北省2020届高三4仿真月供卷)Whether you inherited an _ breast cancer gene or acquired it, if you have one normal gene, that gene will still work to control cell growth and prevent cancer.A. abstractB. abnormalC. abundantD. absurd【答案】B【解析】句意：不管你是否继承了异常的乳腺癌基因或获得了这个基因，如果你有一个正常的基因，那么那个基因就仍在发挥作用来控制细胞的增长并遏制癌症。abstract抽象的；abnormal不正常的；abundant丰富的；absurd荒唐的。故选B。15.(湖北省2020届高三4仿真月供卷)That makes them highly _ to almost everyone in the organization because no special talent or knowledge is required to use them.A. capableB. alternativeC. apparentD. accessible【答案】D【解析】句意：这使得组织中几乎所有的人都可以访问它，因为使用它们并不需要任何特殊的技巧或者知识。capable有能力的；alternative可替换的；apparent 显而易见的，显然的；accessible接近的。故选D。16.(江苏省清江中学2020届高三考前一周双练冲刺模拟卷三)What was so _ about Jasmine Westlands victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.A. awfulB. essentialC. impressiveD. obvious【答案】C【解析】awful可怕的，敬畏的；essential根本的；impressive印象深刻的；obvious明显的。句意：关于茉莉韦斯特兰的胜利我们印象很深的就是她光着脚参加马拉松比赛获得了第一。故选C。17.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练) “Qianshui(潜水)”, which _ means diving water, refers to someone who only views the postings across the website but never makes any comments.A. deliberatelyB. originallyC. accidentallyD. ridiculously【答案】B【解析】句意: “潜水”，原来指的是潜到水中，(现在)指仅仅浏览网站上的帖子而不发表评论的人。deliberately故意地；originally原始地，原本；accidentally偶然地；ridiculously荒唐地。故选B。18.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)Children are _ of understanding the message of traditional festivals if told in a way they can grasp.A. capableB. convincedC. positiveD. tired【答案】A【解祈】句意: 如果能够用一种孩子们可以接受的方式告诉他们传统节日的意义，他们是能够理解的。capable能够的；convinced信服的；positive积极的；tired累的，厌烦的。根据语境可知选A。19.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)After years of learning Chinese, I still cant understand something, particularly in the rural areas. This is my most _ momentwhen I cant understand what people say.A. skepticalB. awesomeC. optionalD. awkward【答案】D20.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)Having seen several deadly traffic accidents recently, Chinas traffic police launched _ breath tests among all drivers.A. authentic B. random C. vague D. absurd【答案】B【解祈】句意：近期在目睹了多起致命的交通事故后，中国交警开始对所有的驾驶员进行随机呼吸测试。authentic真正的，可信的；random随机的，随意的；vague模糊的；absurd荒谬的，荒唐的。故选B项。21-30动词和动词短语21.(湖北省2020届高三仿真月供卷)Tourism has already _ in South Africa, a country thousands of miles away from West Africa because of Ebola, which killed about 4,000 people.A. increasedB. directedC. declinedD. boomed【答案】C【解析】句意：西非大约有4000人死于埃博拉。而一个远离西非上万英里的国家南非的旅游业却因此而下降了。increase增加，提高；direct指导；decline下降；boom繁荣。故选C。22.(湖北省2020届高三仿真月供卷) This may be an ineffective way because the students may even _ more unhealthy food in their leisure time.A. take inB. take onC. take overD. take up【答案】A【解析】句意：这可能是无效的方法，因为学生们可能在在他们的闲暇时间甚至吃了更不健康的食物。take in吸收，吃进；take on雇佣，呈现；take over接管；take up开始，拿起，占用。故选A。23.(湖北省2020届高三仿真月供卷)Most drivers have realized the significance of traffic safety and strictly followed the traffic laws, marking the fact that our efforts have _.A. paid offB. showed offC. put offD. let off【答案】A【解析】句意：大多数司机已经意识到交通安全的重要性，并严格遵守交通规则，标志着我们的努力已经取得明显效果。pay off还清，取得成功，使得益，得到回报；show off炫耀；put off推迟；let off让下车下船，引发，引爆，放掉，免除。故选A。24.(湖北省七市州2020届高考教科研协作体4月联合考试)Since cultural differences occur wherever you go, its a good idea to go to a firm of consultants to learn how to _ before moving to another country.A. fit in B. rely on C. bring up D. stand out【答案】A25.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)The manager asked his assistant if it was possible to _ the investment plan within a week.A. work out B. put outC. make out D. set out【答案】A【解祈】句意：经理问他的助理是否可能在一个星期内把投资计划制订出来。work out制订出(计划等)，符合句意。put out扑灭；make out辨认出；set out着手进行。26.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)To prevent further pollution, many people are_ the use of alternative energy sources.A. applying to B. compensating forC. catering to D. pushing for【答案】D【解祈】句意：为了防止进一步的污染，许多人正在呼吁使用可替代的能源。apply to适用于，应用于；compensate for赔偿；cater to迎合；push for努力说服，力劝，呼吁。故答案选D。27.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)Although Kodak _ the unavoidable rise of digital photography, its culture was so rooted in the previous success that it failed to fully hug the future, eventually leading to its closing.A. foresaw B. achieved C. postponed D. demanded【答案】A【解祈】foresee预见；achieve实现，取得，获得；postpone推迟；demand要求。句意：尽管柯达公司预见到了数码摄影的必然崛起，但是公司文化却深深植根于以往的成功之中而未能充分地拥抱未来，最终导致了它的破产。故选A。28.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)Sometimes being confused can make us _, but it can also motivate us to adjust our learning strategy, largely depending on our attitude towards it.A. refresh B. withdraw C. accustom D. accelerate【答案】B【解祈】refresh精神焕发；withdraw退缩；accustom习惯；accelerate加速。句意：有时候困惑会让我们退缩，但是困惑还可以激励我们调整学习策略，这很大程度上取决于我们对困惑的态度。故选B。29.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)From my viewpoint, the secret to happiness _ your achievements in your work and your contributions to others happiness.A. brings about B. results in C. consists in D. lights up【答案】C【解祈】bring about引起；result in导致；consist in在于；light up点亮。句意：幸福的秘诀在于你自己工作中所取得的成就以及你为别人的幸福所作出的贡献。根据题意选C。30.(江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)_ loads of disbelief and doubt, Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba, achieved great success with his unique business ideas and distinct view on the market.A. Putting aside B. Putting up C. Putting forward D. Putting away【答案】A二、短文填词(改编自2020届湖北省黄冈市高三3月份质量检测) Colorful fruits and vegetables are helpful to our health.Their _1_(nature) colors help protect our bodies from disease. Think about the colors of fruits and vegetables-the red of tomatoes, the orange of carrots, the green of apples and the purple of grapes.You can enjoy _2_ (eat) fruits and vegetables of all colorsgreen, yellow, blue, purple, and white. Each color _3_ (be) important to our health. These colors work together to protect_4_ (we) bodies. Scientists have studied them and discovered _5_ good of colorful fruits and vegetables. The list below shows some benefits of some colors in fruits and vegetables:Red gives us a healthy heart. It can _6_ (possible) reduce heart disease. Red helps improve our memory. Yellow is good _7_ our eyes. White can reduce cholesterol(胆固醇). Green is helpful to eyes. It also gives us strong bones and _8_ (tooth).Blue helps us keep a good memory as we grow old. It also helps fight heart disease. So, _9_ you are buying or eating fruits and vegetables, remember _10_ ( try)different colors of them.语篇解读：本文属于说明文介绍了各种不同颜色的水果和蔬菜的益处。1.【答案】natural【解析】考查形容词用法。在名词前作定语，要用形容词形式。句意：它们(水果和蔬菜)的自然的颜色有助于保护我们的身体不受疾病的侵袭。2.【答案】eating【解析】考查固定搭配。固定用法enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”。句意：你可能喜欢吃所有颜色的水果和蔬菜绿色的，黄色的，蓝色的，紫色的和白色的。3.【答案】is4.【答案】our【解析】考查物主代词。本句中we是主格，在句中做主语，而在名词前要用形容词性物主代词做定语。所以本句中使用our修饰名词bodies。句意：这些颜色一起发挥作用来保护我们的身体。5.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词。本句中形容词good和定冠词the连用指一类事物，同时表示特指，而且the good的后面还有介词短语of colorful fruits and vegetables.修饰，更加说明要使用the表示特指。句意：科学家经过研究发现了色彩丰富的水果和蔬菜的好处。6.【答案】possibly【解析】考查副词。在英语中分词通常用来修饰形容词、副词或者动词。所以本句中使用副词possibly做状语修饰动词reduce。句意：红颜色可以给我们一颗健康的心脏。它可以降低患心脏病的几率。7.【答案】for【解析】考查介词固定搭配。固定短语be good for意为“对有益健康的”。句意：黄色对我们的眼睛有好处。8.【答案】teeth考查名词复数形式。因tooth是可数名词，且要与and前面的bones并列，故用复数形式。句意：绿色对眼睛有益。它也可以给我们以强壮的骨骼和坚硬的牙齿。9.【答案】when/while/if10.【答案】to try【解析】考查固定结构。动词短语remember to do记住要做，表示去做未做的事情。而rememberdoing sth.记得做过某事，使用动名词doing表示已经做过的事情。三、完形填空(改编自江苏省某四星高中2020届高考英语词汇复习专题练)In modern society loneliness can be seen as a social phenomenon and people can experience loneliness for many reasons. It is a very common, _1_ normally temporary, consequence of a breakup, divorce, or loss of any important _2_ relationship. In these cases, loneliness may _3_ both from the loss of a specific person or from dropping _4_ of social circles. The loss of a significant person in ones life will _5_ lead to a grief response; in this situation, one might feel lonely, even while in the _6_ of others.There are many different ways used to treat loneliness. The first step that most doctors _7_ to patients is treatment. Short term treatment typically _8_ over a period of ten to twenty weeks. During treatment, emphasis is put _9_ understanding the cause of the problem, thoroughly changing the _10_ thoughts, feelings, and attitudes resulting from the problem, and exploring ways to help the patient feel _11_. Some doctors also recommend group treatment a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system._12_ treatment is animal-assisted treatment. Studies and surveys indicate that the _13_ of animal companions such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs can _14_ feelings of loneliness or depression among some sufferers. _15_ the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunities for _16_ with other pet owners. Results of a study also suggest that _17_ improper socialcognition(认知) offers the best chance of reducing loneliness._18_, loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the creative process. In some people, temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to remarkable artistic and creative expression, for example, as was the _19_ with poet Emily Dickinson, and many musicians. This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity, _20_, it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals engaged in creative activities.语篇解读：本文讲述的是在现代社会孤独可能被看做一种社会现象，人们有很多体验孤独的理由。并介绍了治疗孤独的不同的方法。1.A. however B. or C. but D. though【答案】D2.A. short-term B. long-term C. abstract D. concrete【答案】B【解析】A. short-term短期的；B. long-term长期的；C. abstract抽象的；D. concrete具体的。这一空是接着“breakup和divorce”说的，因此根据常识这儿应该是“long-term长期的”。句意：尽管一般情况下孤独是暂时的。但又是非常常见的一种后果，这种后果是由分手、离婚或者任何重要的长期关系的损失所造成的。故选B。3.A. break B. suffer C. result D. benefit【答案】C【解析】弄懂跟后面的介词“from”所构成的短语的含义，答案就会明了。break from脱离，摆脱；suffer from患(某种病)，受(某种病痛)折磨，因而受罚/苦/损，遭受；C. result from产生于，由引起； benefit from从中受益，获益有利于。“loneliness孤独”是结果，后面讲的是造成“孤独”的原因，所以选C。4. A. turning out B. dropping out C. falling out D. putting out【答案】B【解析】A. turning out结果是；B. dropping out 辍学，退出；C. falling out解散，脱落，掉出；D. putting out生产，伸出，出版，扑灭。drop out of social circles：退出社交圈。故选B。句意：在这些情况下，孤独可能由于他失去了一个特定的人或是由于退出社交圈而引起的。5. A. occasionally B. intentionally C. typically D. casually【答案】C【解析】A. occasionally偶尔，间或；B. intentionally有意地，故意地；C. typically典型地，代表性地，通常；D. casually无意地，未经考虑地，漫不经心地。句意：在一个人的生活中失去一个重要的人，通常会导致人的悲伤的反应。故选C。6. A. charge B. company C. face D. absence【答案】B【解析】A. charge费用；B. company公司，陪伴；C. face脸；D. absence缺席。接着上文的叙述进一步阐述：在这种情况下：即使有他人陪伴，一个人也可能会感到孤独的。故选B。7.A. commit B. submit C. recommend D. resign【答案】C【解析】A. commit犯罪，做错事；B. submit使服从，使顺从；C. recommend推荐；D. resign辞职，放弃。上文说“There are many different ways used to treat loneliness处理孤独有许多种不同的方法”，所以这儿应该是指“医生向病人推荐处理孤独的方法”。句意：多数医生向病人推荐的第一步是治疗。故选C。8.A. hits B. occurs C. strikes D. turns【答案】B9.A. in B. to C. for D. on【答案】D【解析】句意：治疗期间，重点要放在了解病情的起因上。put emphasis on 重视，强调，把重点放在上。故选D。10.A. negative B. explicit C. positive D. original【答案】A【解析】A. negative消极的；B. explicit明确的，清楚的，直言的；C. positive积极的；D. original初始的，原创的。下文讲的是“病情的起因”，其中之一也就是“消极的思想、情感和态度”。句意：彻底改变引起孤独的消极的思想、情感和态度。故选A。11.A.