国际货运代理专业英语unit 7 The practice of international ocean cargo transportation

uniet 7 the practice of international ocean cargo transportationSea Transportation海上概览1.文本：shipping constitutes the principal mode of international transport and is estimated to carry about 90 percent of international trade in termated注释：Constitute:创建，等于Principal:最重要、最重要的Estimate:估计In terms of:就是说Volume:数量，金额翻译：海运是国际运输最重要的方式，预计将承担国际交易量的90%。2.文本：Consequently，it is very important for the freight forwarder to be able to identify the formalities relating to carriage of goods by sea to注释：Consequently:所以Freight forwarder:货运代理(行)Identify:识别、识别、确认Formality:程序，常式马车：运输翻译：因此，在货物转发的情况下，必须熟悉海上货物运输程序，才能提供有效的服务。一、运输地理运输地理1.文本：an international freight forwarder should be familiar with international trade routes。注释：Be familiar with:我知道贸易路线：贸易路线国际货运代理必须熟悉国际贸易路线。2.文本：he or she should have knowledge of main traffic routes，location of ports，trans-shipment points and inland centers。注释：知识：知识(have knowledge of:具有知识，可扩展为“理解，熟悉”)Traffic routes:运输线路位置：位置Trans-shipment points:冲减Inland center:内陆中心，翻译：他必须熟悉(她)主要交通路线和港口的位置、转运地和内陆中心。3.文本：a freight forwarder should also have a general idea of the pattern of international trade and its changing trends。注释：Idea:概念、注意、理解Pattern:样式，样式趋势：趋势、方向、趋势、趋势货运代理人也应该对国际贸易的模式和变化趋势有整体概念。二、发运服务不同类型的海上运输服务(试验优先)2-1文本：the international shipping market four types of service、namely、conference lines、non-conference lines、non-vessel备注：namely:表示(=that is) conference lines:衬垫运输non-conference lines:紧急半公会运输non-vessel operation common carron文本意义：国际海上运输市场提供4种服务：班轮公会运输、非班轮公会运输、非运营船舶公共承运人和不规则船舶运输2-2 Conference Lines班轮公会运输2-2.1文本：a shipping conference is a group of shipping lines operating in any particular route under agreement to provide a scheduled service(班轮公会的定义，了解)注：shipping conference:班轮协会组：组，组shipping lines:班轮运输operating:运行，操作particular:特殊，特定订单协定：文本意义：班轮协会是按照预定的船舶日程在特定航线运行的班轮公司的组织，具有共同的费率表、固定锚港。2-2.2文本： the purpose of a shipping conference is to eliminate price competition among member lines and reduce outside competition by trying请参阅：purpose:的eliminate:消除，price competition:运费竞争消除member lines:成员reduce : outside competition :外部竞争capture:外部竞争文本意义：班轮运输的目的是消除会员公司之间的秋季竞争，通过与托运人的忠诚协议，为会员确保巨额供给，减少外部竞争。2-2.3托运人班轮协会运输的优点(2分):1.Stability of freight rates。稳定运费(stability:稳定，稳定)2.regulaty of services。定期运输服务(regularity:定期、规则、规则)班轮公会运输的缺点(3点):1.Rates are usually high。费用一般很高2.rates do not fluctuate according to supply and demand as in a tramp service。费用不随供求关系变化，如班轮。(fluctuate:更改，更改；Supply and demand:供给与需求)3.rules and procedures are inflexible。规则和程序不灵活(rules:规则；Procedure:程序，程序；Inflexible:不灵活)2-3 Non-conference lines非班轮公会运输2-3.1文本：in recent years、along most international routes、non-conference lines have posed a challenge to conference system。注：recent years :最近几年，along:跟随pose a挑战to:向发出挑战文本意义：运输近年来出现在大部分国际航线上的非反查会馆，向反查协会发起了挑战。2-3.2文本：this is attribuble to the development of containers and emergence of many independent carriers。注意：attributable:可归属(be attributable to:可归属)container virtualization :集装箱运输、集装箱运输emergence:出现，独立carriers:独立承运人文本意义：因为集装箱运输和许多独立承运人的出现。2-3.3文本：as a result、along some routes、the conference lines have been forced to come to terms with the non-conference lines in regaga注：as a result:结果be forced to:come to terms:妥协，并让步in regard to:信息(=regarding，with regard to) terms :价格，成本条件：条件。文本意义：结果海运协会不得不在运费、运输条件、紧急反公会企业签订合同。2-4非vessel operating common carrier(nvocc)非vessel operating common carrier(nvocc)非运营线公共承运人2-4.1文本：nvocc is a carrier who operates a regular scheduled service . he does not own or operate the vessel by which sea transportation is proview注：operate:操作vessel:船舶sea transportation:海上运输文本意义：无线承运人是从事定期运营的承运人，但不拥有或运营海上运输所需的船舶。2-4.2文本：although the nvocc is a carrier in his relationship with the actual shipper，he is a shipper in his relationship with the actual chipper注释：in relationship with:和.的关系文本含义：没有船舶的承运人与实际托运人相比是承运人，但与实际承运人相比是发货人。2-4.3文本：he assumes the role of the principal and performs several functions。附注：assume:具有主要角色、主要角色(assume a role of:)角色、负责人(此处指主体)function:责任、权能、角色和效果文本含义：(nvocc)担当负责人的角色执行几项任务2-4.4文本：he assumes responsibility for ocean carriers，both conference and non-conference lines。注：assume responsibility:负责并负责ocean carrier:海上承运人文本含义： (无船承运人)对海上承运人负责，包括班轮运输和非船运输。2-4.5文本：he reners a useful service by providing grouage or consolidation services，particulally to small shippers who do not have much注：render:是grouping or consolidation : services :卡池或聚合服务(groupage:卡池、组合(少量)商品集成：卡池、聚合商品)BBR文本意义： (无船承运人)提供卡普尔箱或集合服务，为托运人提供有效的服务。尤其是对