常见英语缩略式(Contraction)

常见英语缩略式(Contraction)缩略式(Contraction)和缩写(Abbreviation)是两个不同的概念。Abbreviation是指单词或片语缩短后的形式，主要用于在书面语中替代完整形式，如用 Mass. 替代 Massachusetts（马萨诸塞州）， 用 USA 替代 United States of Ameirica（美利坚合众国）, 用 RMB 替代 Renminbi（人民币）等。Contraction又称缩约词或收缩词，是指通过省略或结合一个较长短语中的某些音素而形成的词，如从 of the clock 收缩而来的 oclock，从I am收缩而来的Im等，在书写时，需要用(apostrophe)来代替省略掉的部分。使用中必须要注意缩略式的使用场合，缩略式的最大问题是被用于不该用的地方。一般来说，缩略式在小说体重是完全正常的，特别是在对话中，作者想要传达一种听上去像实际口头语言的信息。然而，在正式的非小说体写作中，缩略式几乎是不被接受的。也就是说，在更加正式的写作中，最好避免使用缩略式。A List of Standard Contractions in Englisharentare nottheresthere is; there hascantcan nottheydthey had; they wouldcouldntcould nottheyllthey will; they shalldidntdid nottheyrethey aredoesntdoes nottheyvethey havedontdo notwasntwas nothadnthad notwedwe had; we wouldhasnthas notwellwe willhaventhave notwerewe arehedhe had; he wouldwevewe havehellhe will; he shallwerentwere notheshe is; he haswhatllwhat will; what shallIdI had; I wouldwhatrewhat areIllI will; I shallwhatswhat is; what has; what doesImI amwhatvewhat haveIveI havewhereswhere is; where hasisntis notwhodwho had; who woulditsit is; it haswhollwho will; who shallletslet uswhorewho aremightntmight notwhoswho is; who hasmustntmust notwhovewho haveshantshall notwontwill notshedshe had; she wouldwouldntwould notshellshe will; she shallyoudyou had; you wouldshesshe is; she hasyoullyou will; you shallshouldntshould notyoureyou arethatsthat is; that hasyouveyou haveshould没有缩写为d的，were没有缩写为re的，was没有缩写为s的。Full formContractedNotesnot-ntIrregular forms: aint, dont, wont, shant. nt can only be attached to an auxiliary verb which is itself not contracted.let usletsI amImare-rewere/wr/ is pronounced differently fromwere/wr/ in some dialects.is-sdoesinformal, as in Whats he do there every day?hashave-veWhatve you gotten in there?had-ddidinformal, as in Whered she go?wouldwill-llofo-used mostly inoclock, where it is mandatory in contemporary useofoas in barrel o monkeys, Land o Goshen, lots o luckitt-Archaic, except in stock uses such asT was the night before ChristmasthememPerceived as informal, yet old. Actually fromhem, which is not the same word asthem, a Norse loan.is notisnt, oraintaintis contracted fromam notand more recentlyis not; it is generally considered a colloquial contraction.ContractionMeaningaintam not / are not / is not / has not / have notarentare not / am notcantcannotcouldvecould havecouldntcould notcouldntvecould not havedidntdid notdoesntdoes notdontdo nothadnthad nothadntvehad not havehasnthas nothaventhave nothedhe had / he wouldhedvehe would havehellhe shall / he willheshe has / he ishowdhow did / how wouldhowllhow willhowshow has / how is / how doesIdI had / I wouldIdveI would haveIllI shall / I willImI amIveI haveisntis notitdit had / it woulditdveit would haveitllit shall / it willitsit has / it isletslet usmaammadammightntmight notmightntvemight not havemightvemight havemustntmust notmustvemust haveneedntneed notnotvenot haveoclockof the clockshantshall notshedshe had / she wouldshedveshe would haveshellshe shall / she willshesshe has / she isshouldveshould haveshouldntshould notshouldntveshould not havethatsthat has / that istheredthere had / there wouldtheredvethere would havethererethere aretheresthere has / there istheydthey had / they wouldtheydvethey would havetheyllthey shall / they willtheyrethey aretheyvethey havewasntwas notwedwe had / we wouldwedvewe would havewellwe willwerewe arewevewe havewerentwere notwhatllwhat shall / what willwhatrewhat arewhatswhat has / what is / what doeswhatvewhat havewhenswhen has / when iswheredwhere didwhereswhere has / where iswherevewhere havewhodwho would / who hadwhollwho shall / who willwhorewho arewhoswho has / who iswhovewho havewhyllwhy willwhyrewhy arewhyswhy has / why iswontwill notwouldvewould havewouldntwould n