绿色出行英文版.doc

精品文档山东交通学院 2013 2014学年第二学期研究生课程考试课程论文 课程名称： 英语 课程编号： 课程属性： 公共基础课 论文题目: Green Travel Research Based on Vehicle 研究生姓名: 蒋克伟 学 号: 13011009 研究方向：载运工具运行安全与节能环保 年 级: 2013级 评语: 成 绩: 评阅教师: 评阅日期: Abstract：Along with the continuously improvement of the level and the quality of peoples life, the automobile has become one of the travel tools. But the oil crisis, environmental pollution caused by automobile exhaust come one after another, green travel be imperative. This paper will discuss from the aspects of car purchase, use car in the method of green travel, and give recommendations.Key words：automobile; green travel; environmental protection 摘要：随着人们生活水平和质量的不断提高，汽车已经成为人们出行工具之一。而石油危机、汽车尾气引起的环境污染接踵而至，绿色出行势在必行。本文将从汽车的选购、使用等方面探讨实现绿色出行的方法，并给出建议。关键词：汽车；绿色出行；环保1 The Selection of Car 1.1 TurbochargersAt first glance, a turbo sounds like the high-efficiency choice for both performance and economy. After all, it doesnt drain engine power, but makes use of exhaust gases to rotate the high-speed turbine. Better yet, it comes into play only when needed-only when tromping hard on the gas pedal for a quick burst of extra power. That extra jolt sucks up plenty of extra fuel, however, as it shoves an oversized air/fuel charge into the engine. If rarely used, it might not hurt mileage much.1.2 Change Your MindA quick glance at the Environmental Protection Agency（EPA） ratings for cars available with a choice of manual and automatic transmissions makes it clear that manual gearboxes are the only choice for peak economy. Seldom does the city-driving estimate for automatic come closer than 2 to 3 mpg to the manual-shift figure. In some cases, the difference is similar on the highway; other automatics achieve better results, rivaling a “stick” when up to speed. Compare the figures before deciding, but remember that high mpg with a manual comes only when its shifted with some expertise.1.3 All-wheel DriveMany cars and minivans are available with all-wheel drive (AWD). The AWD systems in cars and minivans is intended as an all-weather traction aid, and not designed for off-road duty. AWD cars and minivans do tend to use more fuel than their 2-wheel drive counterparts. This is due less to any added drag placed on the powertrain by AWD as more to the 100 to 200 pounds the AWD system adds to the weight of the vehicle. But the fuel-mileage difference isnt pronounced, and while AWD adds to the purchase price of the vehicle, its well worth considering if you frequently travel wet or snowy roads.1.4 Amenities and Fuel EconomyTo some people, comfort is a heated leather seat in the winter. Others take comfort in knowing theyre eking out every last mile from each gallon of gas they consume.Nearly every luxury amenity adds weight and drains power, both of which are the enemies of fuel economy-and performance. Youll either drag down the efficiency of your engine, or have to shell out for a larger, less efficient engine designed to shrug off the extra strain placed on it by the following power convenience features.1.5 ColorsLight colors reflect sunlight and help keep the interior cool. Dark colors do the opposite. Color choice, then, affects the need to use the air conditioner or heater.1.6 Alternative FuelAlternative fuels, like biodiesel, allow an engine to run off of natural, renewable fuel sources like plant or animal oils. These oils, like peanut or vegetable oil, or even leftover french fry grease, have to undergo some processing to turn their fat into energy an engine can use, but once they do, they can power a regular diesel engine. One side effect is that as the car runs, it will smell like whatever type of oil was used to power it. 2 The Usage Mode of Car2.1 Limit Your Need for SpeedOne of the best ways to improve your fuel economy is to change the way you drive. Speeding, accelerating and braking hard can deplete efficiency by 33 percent, according to the EPA. The reason is clear ,when you stop, start or accelerate, your car has to overcome inertia. Inertia is the resistance an object has to a change in its state of motion. In order to get moving, or to stop, a car has to overcome inertia. Youve probably heard that objects in motion tend to stay in motion, and objects that are stopped tend to stay stopped. Thats because of inertia.Overcoming inertia requires energy. When youre talking cars and energy, youre talking gas. You can use less energy to overcome inertia if you do it slowly. What would make you more tired: pulling a heavy wagon slowly from a stop to an all-out run, or pulling the same wagon immediately to a sprint? Pulling the wagon slowly lets you build momentum to help overcome inertia, using less energy. In your car, you should accelerate slowly from stops, allowing the cars momentum to help it accelerate.2.2 TireThe weight your car is carrying around isnt the only thing that can affect your fuel economy. Your tires can, too. Proper tire maintenance is an often overlooked way to increase your fuel economy. The easiest way to use your tires to save money is to make sure theyre properly inflated. Tires that are underinflated negatively affect fuel efficiency. Imagine trying to roll a bean bag up a hill. It would take a lot of energy because it droops all over everything. In contrast, its easy to roll a well-inflated ball up a hill. Like a ball, properly inflated tires have less contact with the road, which means they encounter less friction, so the engine doesnt have to work as hard to move the car.2.3 The Junk in Your TrunkNo matter what kind of car you drive, eliminating weight can go a long way toward increasing your cars fuel efficiency. That unused rack adds weight and wind resistance. And you should clean the junk in your car. Sports equipment, strollers, gym bags and rock salt left over from winter driving are all hurting your fuel economy. The EPA estimates that for every extra 100 pounds your car caries, it loses 2 percent in fuel economy, so just by cleaning up your act, you can start on the road to saving.3 The Choice of Travel Mode 3.1 Another One Rides the BusWhether you own a car, use a car sharing service, or dont drive at all, mass transit is a great way to get around while staying green. If two people car pooling removes one car from the road, the benefits are even greater when 30 people ride a bus and eliminate all their cars from the streets. The benefits really add up when you think of the hundreds of people on one train. Not only does mass transit ease congestion, it reduces pollution. It also encourages green development by promoting greater population density around subway stations and major bus lines.3.2 Car PoolingIf you really want to cut down on your fuel usage, car pooling is a great way to do it. When two (or more) people buddy up and ride together, the number of cars on the road drops and gas is saved. Its that simple.Car pooling isnt just a good way to drive green and break up a lonely commute; its a good way to save a lot