【顶尖学案】2020届高考英语 Unit15　Learning 北师大版必修5

2020届高考英语顶尖学案：北师大版 Unit 15Learning学习核心词汇1Now my house is _(安全的)against burglary.2She _(使显出特色)herself as a black lawyer.3If you dont like the school lunch，you have the a_ of bringing your own.4She has mastered English grammar and a_a large vocabulary without the help of a teacher.5The questions put forward at the meeting are of_(极其重要的，必不可少的)importance.6He tried hard to a_himself to the new conditions.7The subject is immensely complex，and hard to s_.8There were_(可疑的) circumstances about his death.9The lecture was _(有教育意义的) and interesting.10Jack was _(委派)to the assembly shop of the factory.11They are _(无学识的)but not stupid and will learn quickly.12.I _that he had done something wrong but the facts proved my_ wrong.(assume)1secure 2.distinguished3.alternative4.acquired 5vital6.adapt7.simplify8.suspicious9.instructive10.assigned11.ignorant12.assumed；assumption高频短语1_老实说，说实话2_ 裁员；解雇3_ 发呆4_ 充满5_ 除之外6_ 关掉(的)开关7_ 行为不检点，品行不端8_ 在某种程度上9_ 出发10_ 延期，推迟11_ 习惯于12_ 经常做，倾向于13_ 赞成，赞许14_ 总的来说15_ 最后，总之16_ 以适合自己的速度1frankly speaking 2.lay off 3.go blank4.swell with 5.aside from 6.switch off7.loose conduct 8to a certain extent9.set off 10.put off 11.be accustomed to12.tend to 13.approve of 14.as a whole15in conclusion 16.at ones own pace重点句式1In the past，_someone like me_ to get into university through the college exam,he_no chance of getting a degree.过去，像我这样不能够通过高考而进入大学的人是没有机会拿到学位的。2I decided that_I became an Internet user.我觉得是成为互联网用户的时候了。3Im afraid that_late work.我恐怕没有理由晚一点完成工作。4.I_so difficult at school.在上学时，我本不该这么叛逆5Sometimes I_him and ask for his opinion!有时我真希望能给他打个电话问问他的意见!6Once I _ who could spit the furthest off the school stage!有一次我碰见他和他的一个朋友在看看谁能从学校舞台那儿吐得最远！7Once I _ who could spit the furthest off the school stage!有一次我碰见他和他的一个朋友在看看谁能从学校舞台那儿吐得最远！1if；had failed；would have had2.it was time3.there is no excuse for4.shouldnt have been5.wishI could phone6.caught him and a friend seeing7.caught him and a friend seeing知识详解1 suspectv怀疑；不信任；猜想n可疑分子，嫌疑犯adj.可疑的；令人生疑的(回归课本P36)I suspect that they laid me off because the company was not doing that well. 我怀疑他们解雇我是因为公司做的不是那么好归纳拓展例句探源If you suspect a gas leak，do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light.假如你怀疑有煤气泄漏，不要划火柴，甚至连电灯都不要开。I suspect him of taking the money.我怀疑是他拿走了那笔钱。(2020年高考湖北卷)If I find someone who looks like the suspect，my immediate reaction will be to tell the police.如果我发现了某个人像嫌疑犯，我做出的第一反应就是报警。1完成句子(1)They suspect him _ _ _ _(作假证)答案：of giving false evidence(2)He resigned after _ _ _(被怀疑)taking bribes(受贿)答案：being suspected of2instructv教导，指导(回归课本P36)I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email.我让我孙子教我如何发邮件归纳拓展例句探源The letter instructed him to report to the board immediately.那封信指示他立刻向董事会报告。She instructed me in how to use the Internet.她教我如何使用因特网。Im under instructions to keep my speech short.我接到指示讲话要简短。2完成句子(1)He _ _ _ _ _(奉命乘船去)Dalian.答案：was instructed to sail for(2)Its foolish of you to _ _ _ _(忽视船长的命令)答案：ignore the captains instructions3distinguishvt.区别，辨别；表现突出(回归课本P37)If the room hadnt been dark，he would have distinguished the two pictures.如果房间里不黑的话，他就能辨别出这两张画。归纳拓展例句探源I can distinguish my roommates by their footsteps.我能根据室友的脚步声辨认出他们。The light was too dim for me to distinguish anything clearly.光线太暗了，我什么也看不清楚。(2020年高考江苏卷)I would like you to meet the fellow who is distinguished for being the worst boy in this county.我想让你去见见那个在本县以恶劣而出名的那个小伙子。3Trademarks are words，names，or symbols that identify the producer of a product and _it from similar goods of others.Adefend BprotectCdistinguish Dbreak解析：选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：商标是识别产品的厂家和辨别其他相似产品的词、名字或符号。defend保卫；protect保护；distinguish辨别，区分；break破碎，停止运转。4完成句子(1)人类和动物的区别在于人会说话。Speeches_human beings _animals.答案：distinguish；from(2)他因英勇而扬名。He _ _by his courage.答案：distinguished himself4 selectvt.选择，挑选(回归课本P39)Well，select another one then.好吧，那选另一个。易混辨析choose，select，pick out这组词皆有“选择”之意。(1)choose 在这三个词中是最常用的，可以表示进行一般的“选择”，有时也可以表示“抉择”，其后不带宾语，它较侧重意志和判断。(2)select和pick out通常指在三者或三者以上中作出选择。都可表示精心挑选。select 比pick out更为正式， select通常指经过慎重考虑而作出的选择。(牛津P1807)She was selected as the parliamentary candidate for Bath.(牛津P337)You choose，I cant decide.(牛津P1492)He picked_out the ripest peach for me.5It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly _ my friend.Aturn outBbring outCcall out Dpick out解析：选D。pick out意为“分辨出，认出，选出”。句意：由于电影院里很黑，我很难辨认出我的朋友。故选D。5 lackn& v缺乏，短缺(回归课本P40).，but it was probably because I lacked confidence in myself.，但那可能是因为我自己缺乏自信。归纳拓展例句探源A lack of food caused her to grow weak.缺少食物异致她变得很弱。We still lack the necessary information.我们仍缺少必要的信息。We cannot discuss the details now for lack of time.因时间有限，我们现在无法讨论细节。6Though_ natural resources，the area is well developed.AlackedBlacking ofClacking Dlacked in解析：选C。lacking为现在分词与though连用作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句：Though the area lacks natural resources.。句意：尽管缺乏自然资源，该地区仍很发达。6 accessn通道；道路；接近或进入的方法(回归课本P40)The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to childrens minds when they are open and eager to learn.做一名教师的意义就在于当孩子们对你开放并且想学到东西时你能接近他们的思想。归纳拓展例句探源He gained access to /into the building through the window.他通过窗户进入大楼。I had no access to education when I was young.我小时候没有受教育的机会。(2020年高考上海卷)One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.她喜欢城市生活的理由之一就是她能很容易的去商店或饭店。7He succeeded in making a difficult subject accessible_the readers.AwithBtoCfor Dby解析：选B。句意：他成功地把一个棘手的题目变得易于读者理解。be accessible to.在此表示“易于理解”。8完成句子(1)In Sichuan earthquake，some areas couldnt _ _ _ _(任何人不能进入)答案：be accessible to anybody(2)A company tried to_ _ _(接近)the plans of our new model by bribing(贿赂)our manager.答案：gain access to7 worthyadj.有价值的；值得的(回归课本P42).but the worthy search for knowledge.而是对知识有价值的研究。归纳拓展例句探源It is worthwhile visiting the museum.参观博物馆是值得的。A number of the reports findings are worthy of note.这份报告里有些调查结果值得注意。This idea is well worth considering.这个想法很值得考虑。9用worth，worthy，worthwhile填空(1)It is _to see this film twice.答案：worthwhile(2)This film is_seeing twice.答案：worth(3)This film is_to be seen twice.答案：worthy8 acquirevt.取得，获得，得到(回归课本P42)It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.我们怎样获得知识并去理解它们现在似乎是很明显了。归纳拓展例句探源The company has just acquired new equipment.公司刚刚购得了新设备。There are many ways to acquire knowledge.有许多方法获取知识。易混辨析gain，get，earn，acquire(1)gain指在斗争、竞争中作出很大的努力而“获得”，所得的东西常具有一定的价值。(2)get为普通词，有时指不一定需要努力就能得到。(3)earn意为“赚得”，表示经过艰苦努力所得到的报酬。(4)acquire意为“获得，取得”，一般指经过漫长的过程而逐渐获得。I have recently acquired a taste for olives.I sat in front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside.(朗文P922)She has gained a reputation as a good communicator.(朗文P690)She did all sorts of jobs to earn a living.10It took him a long time to _the skills he needed to become a professional artist.AacquireBinquireCrequire Drequest解析：选A。本题考查了acquire的用法和词语辨析。句意：他花了很长一段时间才学会了成为一名专业艺术家最需要的技术。inquire表示“询问”；require表示“要求”；request表示“请求”，皆不合句意；而acquire表示“得到;获得”，符合句意。9 ignorevt.忽视，不管，不理会(回归课本P42)The church and many people tended to ignore the facts.教堂和许多人开始忽视这些事实归纳拓展例句探源(牛津P1014)Hes ignorant about modern technology.他对现代科技一无所知。She ignored him and carried on with her work.她没理他，继续干她的活。易混辨析ignore，overlook，neglect(1)ignore指有意从开始就不理睬。(2)overlook指由于不注意或胸怀宽大而忽略其他人的过错；也指因平时不注意忽略的事情或问题。(3)neglect“忽略，疏忽”，指没做到该做的事情或没尽到应尽的责任。(牛津P1423)He seems to have overlooked one important fact.(牛津P1339)The buildings have been neglected for years.(2020年高考湖北卷)To my disappointment，in this part of the book he ignores the arts.11At that time I_events going on elsewhere，after all，because I was a little boy.Awas ignorant ofBwas in ignoranceCwas ignorant in Dwas ignorance of解析:选A。be ignorant of和be in ignorance of两者的意思都为“无知，不知道”，根据句意和句子结构以及所给的选项来做出正确的选择。10urgevt.力劝；强烈要求n冲动；强烈的欲望(回归课本P42)At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue.刚开始人们赞成他的研究并力劝他继续下去归纳拓展例句探源The law is in urgent need of reform.这项法律亟待修订。The UN urged the world to offer assistance to Haiti.联合国敦促世界人民援助海地。The report urged that all children be taught to swim.这份报告呼吁给所有的儿童教授游泳。I had a sudden urge to beat him.我突然很想揍他一顿。12完成句子(1)他极力劝她学理科。He _ _ _ study science.答案：urged her to(2)他非常渴望赚很多钱。He _ _ _ _ _earn a lot of money.答案：has a strong urge to11assumev假定，假设；承担，呈现(回归课本P43)Why did Aristotle assume that the sun moved around the Earth?为什么亚里士多德猜想太阳围绕地球转呢？归纳拓展例句探源(朗文P73)You will assume your new responsibilities tomorrow.你明天就任新职。We are working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn up.我们假定了每一个人都会应邀出席并正就此作出安排。(朗文P73)Assuming(that)youre right about this，what shall we do?假定在这件事情上你是对的，那我们该怎么办?13完成句子(1)Let us_(假设)for a moment that the plan succeeds.答案：assume(2)We need to challenge some of the basic _(假设)of western philosophy.答案：assumptions12adaptv使适应；改编，改造(回归课本P123)For a start，it would be hard adapting to a new culture.首先，适应一种新文化是会很难的。归纳拓展adapt(oneself)to.使适应(同义短语adjust oneself to.)adapt.for.将改编为；使适应，使适合adapt from.根据改编例句探源She adapted herself quickly to the new life.她很快就适应了这种新生活。The author is going to adapt his play for television.作者将把他的剧本改编成电视剧。易混辨析adapt，adjust(1)adapt指修改或改变，使某物或某人做些改变以适应新的条件。(2)adjust指借正当的判断或熟练的技巧进行“调整、调节”，以使两者互相适应。Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.It took her a while to adjust to living alone.14The good thing about children is that they _ very easily to new environments.AadaptBappealCattach Dapply解析：选A。句意：孩子们的一个很好的优势就是他们很容易适应新的环境。adapt to适应;appeal to呼吁；attach to附属于；apply to向申请。13 lay off裁员，解雇；停止(回归课本P36)Three months ago，when my manager told me that I would be laid off，my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger.三个月前，当经理告诉我将被解雇时，我的大脑一片空白，心里充满了愤怒。归纳拓展例句探源(朗文P857)During the recession they laid us off for three months.在营业衰退时期，他们停雇了我们三个月。(牛津P1144)He laid aside his book and stood up.他把书放在一边站了起来。(牛津P1144)I think youd better lay off fatty foods for a while.我认为你最好暂时别吃高脂食物了。易混辨析lay，lie(1)lay(laid；laid；laying)放置；产(卵)(2)lie(lay；lain；lying)躺；位于(3)lie(lied；lied；lying)说谎(4)lay既是“放置、产(卵)”的原形，又是“躺、位于”的过去式(还可作形容词“外行的”)。lying既是“躺、位于”的现在分词，又是“说谎”的现在分词。15完成句子(1)她设法每周从薪水中存上几个英镑。Shed managed to_a few pounds each week from her wages.答案：lay aside(2)双方开始想方设法互相指责。Both sides started trying to_each other.答案：lay the blame on(3)哈里下岗6个月了。Harry was_for six months.答案：laid off(4)把地图铺在桌上，让我们看一下。_the map on the table and lets have a look.答案：Lay out14 aside from除了之外(还有)(回归课本P36)And aside from emailing，its fun to see and talk to my grandchildren in the US on the iCam.除了发电子邮件，能在网络眼上看到我在美国的孙辈并与这交谈也很有意思。归纳拓展例句探源In addition to his job at the university，hes now running his own research company.除了他在大学的工作以外，他现在还经营自己的研究公司。The house was just as I left it except that everything was covered with dust.除了积满灰尘外，这所房子与我离开时没什么两样。16The city，_being an industrial centre，enjoys a high moral record.Aas toBdue toCin fact Daside from解析：选D。考查介词短语辨析。句意：这座城市不仅仅是一个工业中心，道德风气也一向很好。as to关于；due to由于；in fact事实上;aside from意为“除之外”，符合句意。15 at ones own pace以适合自己的速度(回归课本P38)Students study at their own pace and the teachers seldom set tests.学生以自己的速度学习而老师很少考试 。归纳拓展keep pace with跟上set the pace确定速度；领先pace of life生活节奏at a. pace以的速度force/quicken the pace使加速例句探源We encourage all the students to work at their own pace.我们鼓励学生按照自己的节奏学习。The work progressed at a slow pace.这项工作进展缓慢。17完成句子You _ _ _(领先)and I try to _ _ _ _(跟上你)答案：set the pace；keep pace with you16 to a certain extent在某种程度上(回归课本P39)Well，to a certain extent youre right.在某种程度上你是正确的。归纳拓展例句探源I agree with you to a certain extent.在某种程度上，我同意你的观点。To a certain extent，we are all responsible for this tragic situation.我们都在一定程度上对这悲惨的局面负有责任。18完成句子(1)我们丢掉合同在某种程度上是我的错。_it was my fault that we lost the contract.答案：To a certain extent(2)暴力事件多到了令居民不敢出门的程度。Violence increased_that residents were afraid to leave their homes.答案：to the extent(3)对于这种信息缺乏的状况，我们能在多大程度上指责政府呢？_can we blame the government for this lack of information?答案：To what extent17 set off动身，出发；引发，使爆炸(回归课本P40).then another student lit a flame to set it off.然后另一个学生点火去引爆它。归纳拓展set off for a place动身去某地set off a bomb/fireworks引爆炸弹/放烟火set off a discussion/debate引起讨论/辩论set about doing.着手做set out to do.开始着手做set out for.动身去例句探源(牛津P1823)She set out to break the world record.她一心努力要打破世界记录。(牛津P1823) She set about the business of cleaning the house.她动手打扫起房子来。It is our tradition to set off fireworks during the Spring Festival.春节期间放鞭炮是我们的习俗。He set off for Beijing an hour ago.他一小时前去北京了。That evening he set about writing a report on pollution.那天晚上，他着手写一篇关于污染的报告。19用介、副词填空(1)A cigarette end set _ the oil station.答案：off(2)He can always succeed in what he sets _ to do.答案：out(3)He has already set _ writing the book.答案：about18 be accustomed to习惯于(回归课本P42)Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine.尽管今天我们更加习惯于在搜索引擎里输入一些关键词归纳拓展例句探源Painting barns red is an accustomed practice.仓房刷成红色是一种习俗。He has become accustomed to the way the teacher gives lectures.他已经习惯了那个老师的讲课方式。You must accustom yourself to the new environment.你必须使自己适应新环境。20完成句子She is accustomed to _ _ _ (speak)like that.答案：being spoken to21(2020年天津模拟)Since he often travels on business，he can _ himself to sleeping in any place he can find.AdevoteBaccustomCforce Dreduce解析：选B。考查动词辨析。句意：因为他经常因事出差，他能使自己习惯于在任何地方睡觉。accustom oneself to.习惯于；devote.to.献身于；force sb.to do sth.迫使某人做某事。19 approve of赞同，同意，支持(回归课本P42) At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue.刚开始人们赞成他的研究并力劝他继续下去归纳拓展例句探源Mother doesnt approve of her smoking.母亲不赞成她吸烟。(朗文P87)They clapped their hands in approval.他们拍手叫好。【温馨提示】approve作及物动词，后面直接接宾语，意为：批准，通过，认可。approve作不及物动司，后跟“of”，意为：赞成，同意。22完成句子The school doesnt _ _ _ _(不同意学生穿)fancy clothes.答案：approve of students wearing23(2020年天津模拟)He was not _ to the club because he wasnt a member.AallowedBadmittedCpermitted Dapproved解析：选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没被俱乐部接收，因为他还不是成员。allow允许;admit吸收，接纳；permit允许；approve同意。根据句意可知B项正确。句型梳理1【教材原句】.I shouldnt_have_been so difficult at school.(P40)我在上学时本不该这么叛逆【句法分析】shouldnt have done意为“本不应该(有时含有责怪之意)”。Look，Toms crying.I shouldnt have been angry at him.看，汤姆在哭，我本不应该对他发火。You should not have said such a thing to him.你本不应该跟他讲这样的事。(事实上已经讲了)You should not have left college so early.你本不应该这样早就中断大学学业。归纳拓展情态动词的完成式可表示对过去的虚拟或猜测:(1)need have done表示必须做的事没做；neednt have done表示不必做的事而做了。You neednt have spent so much time on the problem.你本不必在这个问题上花费这么长时间。(2)ought tohave过去分词，表示“(过去)本应该做某事，而实际却没做”，是对已发生的情况的“责备”“惊奇”或“推测”。You ought to(should)have been more careful in this experiment.你本应该在这个实验上更仔细些。(3)can/couldhave过去分词，表示“(过去)本能够做某事，而实际上却没做”；其否定形式表示“(过去)不可能做某事”。两者都是对过去情况的一种推测。(4)may/mighthave过去分词，表示对过去发生的行为的推测，含有“也许”之意。might语气较弱。Philip may(might)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.菲利普也许在这场汽车事故中伤得很重。(5)musthave过去分词，表示“(过去)必定发生了某事”，属肯定性推测。I didnt hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我没有听见电话响，我一定是睡着了。24He_without saying goodbye to them，for he always has good manners.Amustnt have leftBmay not leaveCshouldnt have left Dcant have left解析：选D。句意：他不可能没向他们道别就离去了，因为他一向很有礼貌。A项mustnt have left没有此结构。B项不合时态。C项shouldnt have left不应该离开而离开了，不合句意。D项cant have left不可能离开。cant have done表示对过去的猜测。2【教材原句】Once I caught_him_and_a_friend_seeing who could spit the furthest off the school stage！(P40)有一次我碰见他和他的一个朋友在看看谁能从学校舞台那儿吐得最远！【句法分析】“catch sb.doing sth.”句型为“动宾宾补”结构，意为“看/碰见某人正在做某事;某人正在做某事时被抓”，动词catch和do(逻辑上主语为sb.)表示的动作同时发生。A famous singer was caught taking drugs in a nightclub.一位著名歌手在一家夜总会里吸毒被当场抓住。I caught her smoking in the bathroom.我撞见她在盥洗室里抽烟。The cashier was caught stealing money in the supermarket，which caused her a lot of trouble.这位收银员在超市里偷钱被当场抓住，这给她造成了很多麻烦。25They _ the boy _ in the exam.Asaw；/ Bcaught；cheatCcaught；cheating Dwere caught；cheating解析：选C。句意：他们当场发现这个男孩考试作弊。catch sb.doing sth.当场发现/发觉某