【超值精品】2020届高考英语 5年高考3年模拟 专题二十 阅读理解（信息匹配）（浙江专版）

（超值精品）2020届英语科5年高考3年模拟专题二十 阅读理解（信息匹配）【备考策略】在阅读的方法上，可以使用以下几种方法：1、跳读。就是快速地、一步阅读法。实际上是有选择的阅读，即在文章中找到一个或关键几个词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、 where之类的问题最为有效。2、略读。所谓略读是指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。也就是泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。 3、精读。所谓精读就是用最细致、最慢、最深层的方法阅读，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。在应用这种阅读方法前，首先应用跳读法找到与问题有关联的地方，然后细读。有时候文中有直接回答，有时候回答分布在整篇短文中，需要考生找出，进行释义、归纳、概括等。此种阅读方法能回答需推断、归纳和演绎的题目。 而在使用阅读技巧时，应该尽量做到以下几点： 1、先快速浏览一下全文。大概了解一下这是记叙文还是科普文章，中文注释的单词是什么意思。这一步要快。然后，尽量做到带着问题阅读短文，根据不同题型，选用不同阅读方法。即先看问题，再决定选用跳读、略读和精读方法，这样做，目的性强，能收到事半功倍的功效。2、找出主题句，确定中心思想。每篇文章均讲述一个主题，不管它有几个段落，它们都围绕着一个中心思想。确定了中心思想，即抓住了关键。概括中心意思时，要注意不可离题太远，太笼统，但也不要只概括一段或几句的意思。随后通读全文，找出重要词语，通常在下面划线，再进行推敲。如有的文章带标题，应仔细看标题。标题是文章主题的高度概括，它可以给我们一些启示和线索。3、仔细看原文，凡人物与数字或地名可用笔作个记号，没弄明白的地方也可划个线，以便看完全文再重读。读时要注意弄明白句子的主谓结构，同时在大脑中加工所得到的信息。4、推断单词、句子和通篇的含义。在做阅读理解时，常常会遇到不认识的单词、看不懂的句子等。这时考生不要紧张，而应运用学过的语言知识，通过逻辑思维，去推断出此单词和整个句子的含义。判断词义词性时要注意结合上下文。人家考的是在特定的环境下的意思。只要静下心来，绝大部分是能推断成功的。5、尽快选择答案。在阅读理解时，如碰到难题，如推断、结论题，不要过多地花费时间，可留下标记，待那些有把握的题目做完后再回过头来做。有时候其它题目做完后，再做难题，能多少受到点启发，对短文的理解也会有所帮助与加深，难题部分也可能就解决了。6、问及对某个问题的看法与态度，要记住是在问作者态度，而不是问你作为中国学生的想法。7、培养学生的速度意识，严格限制阅读时间，提高略读和寻读能力。8、通过提问、解析文章结构、评阅读理解题等课堂活动，使学生学会总结文章中心大意，把握行文逻辑，体会深层结构、隐含意义及作者意图，把握解题思路。此外，阅读训练过程中还应该帮助学生克服不良的阅读习惯，如心里翻译、手指点读、复读、句下划线等。考点解析要想做好阅读理解学生必须具备一定的语言积累和相关的背景知识、生活体验。这些在于平时学习生活的长期积累。我们很难在这方面有大的作为。但是了解各种题型的特点以及如何对待这种题型是我们现阶段能够做到的。高考题型主要有四种： 1、考查主要思想或段落大意1） The story mainly tells us _.2） From the passage we know that _.3） The writer wants to tell us _.4） The best title of this passage should be _.5） The main idea of Paragraph 1 is _.6） Paragraph 2 deals with _.7） The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _.8） What is the subject discussed in the text?9） Whish of the following statements is best supported by the last paragraph?这类题的范围一般包括：短文标题、主题、大意或段落大意等。做这类题目时，要迅速地剔除文中的细节事实、作者所使用的论据，找到各段的主题句，然后进行归纳、总结和概括。但要注意：概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落，绝对不可离题太远、太笼统，或者只概括一段或几句话的意思。 2、推理判断、理解作者写作意图的测试题1） We can infer from the passage _.2） From the passage, we can tell _.3） We can conclude from the passage _.4） What probably happened in the end?5） When he said, , he meant _.6） This passage would most likely to be found in _.7） This article is particularly written for _.8） When the writer says he really means _.9） The authors attitude to is that _.10） What kind of atmosphere（气氛）does the writer want to create in this passage?11） The writers purpose in writing this story is _.推理判断题属于主观性极强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题目时，要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。应注意：当问及作者的看法、意图与态度时，不是在问你作为中国学生的想法，而是作者本人在字里行间所表述的观点。3、考查文章细节理解的测试题1） The right order which tells the story is _.2） Choose the right order of the events given in the following.3） Which of the following maps shows the right position of .?4） Which statement is true?这类试题考查考生对文中某一细节或重要事实的辨认、理解。因此，考生应该首先阅读短文后面的问题，确定所需查找的细节及事实的范围，然后利用略读手法快速确定文中的出处，并对其进行转换、加工，直至确定最佳答案。 4、猜测词义，常见的题干有1） The word in paragraph refers to _.2） The underlined word means _.3） The word could be replaced by _. ） Which of the following words can take the place of ? 5）By saying “The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea,” the writer means the library_. 6）“To do this”(in Paragraph 3) means_. 7）“He was just Joe Everybody. ”(in the last paragraph)means_. 8）What does the underlined word it (paragraph 2) refer to?考生的猜词技巧是高考英语“阅读理解题”考查的一个重要方面，教学大纲和考试说明明确要求考生能读懂生词率不超过3%的阅读材料。考生常用的猜词技巧有：1.根据合成、转化、派生等构词法知识猜测词义； 2.根据上下文中的同义词、反义词猜测词义；3.利用上下文中的定语、同位语等猜测词义；4.利用作者的解释、注释等猜测词义； 5.利用上下文中表示对比关系的词语，如：while、but、rather than、far from等判断词义。五年高考 A组 2020年全国高考题组1.【2020浙江】第二节 下面文章中有5处（第6165题）需要添加小标题，请从以下选项中选出符合各段意思的小标题，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑,选项中一项为多余选项.A.Slow Down Your LifeB.Escape Now and ThenC.Separate Your ActionsD.Allow Yourself to Be WeakE.Relieve Pressure by Firmly Saying NoF.Stop Expecting Everything to Be PerfectHow to Simplify Your LifeLess is more. This is why we say: reduce things by half instead of doubling them, get rid of junk instead of piling it up, relax instead of stressing, slow down instead of speeding up. Apply these principles in your everyday life in a conscious way. You will then find yourself well along on your journey to simplification.61.When you concentrate on one task, you find you have energy that you didnt even know you had. Just imagine: you arc at a fair and you have to carry two heavy pigs over 100 yards. If you keep grabbing one and then the other, it will take forever, because one of them will keep slipping out from under your arm and running off. But if you tie one pig in a place, pick up the other, gather all your strength and make a dash for the finish line, pause for a moment, run bock and get the other one, and with great determination, carry the second pig to the finish line, then you can be sure of succcss.62. _The pressure at work is on the increase in all occupations. In the modem nuclear family, the expectations that formerly would have been shared among all the relatives are now concentrated on the individual partner.If you have the feeling that 24 hours per day are not enough for nil the things you need to do, then its not because the day has too few hours, but because you have too many activities. A simple fact that overloaded people often tend to forget. The solution is equally simple; refuse to accept so many work assignments in your private life or your working life.63.“I can handle stress” is regarded as a positive statement in the world of work. People who can handle stress are given more and more to cope with until one day they break.Pay careful attention to the signs that tell you that you arc under more stress than you can cope with. These signals came from various areas of life. You become ill, or your work efficiency decreases.If you have any of these symptoms, change your life goals and decrease your tolerance of stress. Say quite openly, I cant manage that. 64.If only I were slimmer, more beautiful, richer, more clever, then I would be happier. This is a dream that makes a lot of people ill, depressed, and unhappy. Life has its flaws, defects, comets, and edges. Only those who accept this reality can lead a really full life.Of course there are activities in which errors are dangerous; driving a car, crossing the road. But life doesnt consist entirely of these things. In among them there is a lot of room for small and large mistakes.65. Successful people ail have their own places where they can withdraw in order to work. Find out which places improve your creativity. For me its the train. When I know that Im going to be traveling for four hours without phone calls and people knocking on my door, I find my mind is free and I can read or write complex articles. There can be problems working on the train, of course: if the person sitting opposite you keeps talking away, or if train trips make you tired (some people fall asleep after a few miles).61. C 62. E 63. D 64. F 65. B 2.【2020 广东】第二节 信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。首先阅读下列某实习编辑从一组读者来信中整理出来的关键备忘信息：DHobbies: reading and exchanging fancy gifts and ideas about local customs and conventionsPurpose:exchanging ideas on teaching methodsCHobbies:role-playing, listening to music and collecting nice thingsPurpose: communicating with new frends among English teachers from the UK and the USAAHobbies:reading, listening to music and watchifng birdsPurpose:asking for spare eopies of textbooks,teaching materials or journalsBHobbies:reading,singiing and travelingPurpose:learning about ideas of teaching professionals in the worldFHobbies:swimming,cycling and raising cats and dogsPurpose:finding pen friends all over the world and communicating in English EHobbies:listening to western pop music,exchanging gifts and collecting thingsPurpose:making friends with both fellow teachers and students of English around the world以下信函为上面关键备忘信息的来源。为有效管理资料，请将关键备忘信息与信函原件匹配起来。46、Dear Editor,I am a secondary school teacher of English. I would like to have pen friends all over the world for my students. They aer aged 15-19 and good at swimming, cycling and raising cats and dogs. If students in your country are interested in corresponding with Turkish students in English, please tell them to write to my address, so that I can distribute their letters to my students who are willing to have friends and are in need of practice.Ms. Imbat81030, IstanbulTurkey47、Dear Editor,I am interested in correspoding with other TEFL teachers and researchers about issues of professional development. I would like to share ideas with fellow teachers from English-speaking countries throughout the world. My hobbies are reading,listening to music and watching birds.Since I live in a rather isolated area, I would appreciate any spare copies if text books, teaching materials or journals that other teachers would be able to send me.Ms. Juliana Sirait21214,KisaranIndonesia48.Dear EditorI am a 33-year-old secondary school teacher of English in Hungary. I would like to make new friends among English teachers mainly from English, the USA, Switzerland, and Scandinavia. I am interested in role-playing and team work , I would also like to correspond with colleagues all over the world with the same hobbies as mine: collecting nice things, listening to music, reading and travelingMariann Nyari6724, Szeged , Tavasz1/BHungary21214,KisaranIndonesia49、Dear Editor,I am a 23-year-old Peace Corps Volunteer teaching secondary English in Equatorial Guinea.This is my first experience teaching formally, so I would like to know some of the ideas of all you professionals out there in the world. Letters do not have to be all business.When the scholl day ends, I would enjoy hearing from you. I enjoy reading. Singing, traveling and so on.Kury W.CobhamAP Box 456Equatorial Guinea50. Dear Editor, Im a 30-year-old teacher of English at a middle school.Id be happy to make friends with both fellow teachers and students of English around the world.I also wish to find penfriends for my students between 13 and 20 years old.My interests are letter writing,listening to western pop music,exchanging gifts,and collecting stamps,maps,picture postcards and coins.Mr.S. Thevachandra47/1,Kalm UnaiSri Lanka4650 FACBEB组 2020年全国高考题组1.【2020浙江】第二节：下面文章中有5处（第6165题）需要添加小标题。请从以下选项（A、B、C、D、E和F）中选出符合各段意思的小标题，并在答题纸上将相应选项的标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。A. Leadership B. Conflict Solving C. Open CommunicationD. Respect to All Team MembersE. Measuring Progress against GoalsF. Common Goals with Challenging TargetTeam Building Means More Than Throwing a Few People Together“Teamworking” is found every where within just about every organization. You cant get away from “teams” that are supposed to be able to create something that is greater that the sum of its parts. Or so the theory goes.There are five measures that need to be taken before you can get the most out of a team:61._There must be a clear reason for the team to exist. And all the members should realize the value and significance of what they are going to do. What they are hoping to achieve should be something achievable but at the same time tough and inspiring enough to attract the members and keep their motivation alive. What is more, they should also be well prepared for the possible difficulties they may come across in the process.62._Team members must be able to express their opinions freely without fear of being criticized, and they must have the feeling that their suggestions will be taken seriously. This is an important point because the team may need to resolve some complex or thorny issues. For example, it may discuss a sensitive topic. Should they keep their conclusion within the team or share it with other employees? This is an issue in itself that all the members should agree on and frank discussion is required. 63._It is easy to think that a junior team member may have less to contribute than more experienced ones. This is not only demoralizing or discouraging, it also makes no sense - people that have nothing to contribute. Should not have been selected for the team in the first place. Since they have become members of your team, you need to make sure that each of them has an opportunity to add his or her thoughts to discussions. 64._Disagreements are natural and, in fact, debate and discussion should be encouraged. A team made up only of “yes men” can make disastrous decisions that few people honestly agreed with in the first place. Consequently, there should be rules on how lengthy disagreements should be handled. For example, team meetings may not be the most appropriate place for a discussion that involves only two people, so “under-the-table” method may be effective. 65_Most high-performing teams are well organized, A good organizer should be able to play to individuals strengths and help them overcome their weaknesses. It should be someone who can act as a promoter and a constant reminder of what the team needs to achieve. He must, above all, be skilled in sharing responsibility and setting tasks to others, coaching them to achieve tasks, and providing constructive feedback on how the tasks went.Team building isnt as simple as just throwing a few people together. It requires much more, but motivating people is most essential. Successful teamworking is not marked by how much progress the team makes toward its goals, but by how confidently each of its members completes his or her assigned tasks with a sense of achievement and pride. 【点评】文章以“团队建设”为话题，提出了团队建设中的目标设置、沟通协作、相互尊重和领导艺术等要素。本节的考查一改过去“信息匹配”的命题思路，要求考生为一篇文章中的各个段落添加小标题，对考生的语篇归纳能力要求较高。【解析】61 答案F。 一个团队的成立必须有共同的目标。这样的目标是团队存在的理由。all the members should realize the value and significance of what they are going to do, 词句与“goal target”相关，”common goal, challenging target” “对应something achievable but at the same time tough”。62.答案C。 团队成员应该可以公开自由地表达观点。一看到express their opinions freely without fear就能对应open communication, 所以此处答案选择起来比较简单。63.答案D。 每一位成员都有在讨论中提出想法的机会。应尊重每一位被选拔进团队的成员。此题的选择相对比较难一些，因为他没有任何字眼对应选项中总结的词汇。但是我们可以看出，一个队里面有些人贡献很大，有些人却不是，但并不能埋没他们，应该为他们提供能奉献自我的机会，也就是要尊重每个人存在的价值，所以选择respect to all team members.。64.答案B。分歧一定会出现，可以通过辩论等方式解决。看到Disagreement is natural and, in fact, debate and discussion should be encouraged, 不难看出，队友之间可能会有意见分歧的，这个时候辩论和讨论不可少，这样可能会与62题冲突，但是下文有under-the-table” method may be effective，说明这是关于冲突解决的。65.答案A。 对一流团队的领袖的要求。此题也较简单，看到A good organizer就知道讲的是领导才能的。2。【2020广东】第二节 信息匹配(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。首先请阅读下列近期热播的国外影视作品的海报及提示性文字：A. When it come to the essential story line, the movie is all about a bird traveling several thousand miles for the purpose of setting up a rare bird family.B. Cracks explores the evil force developed within a closed society, the single-minded violence of the mob mentality, and the seductive charm of the heroine.C. Eleven years after Sidney Prescott tangled with a mad killer, the Scream series has been exhumed. It was fun and breezy in 1996. In 2020, its about as fresh as the whiff.D. Soul surfer portrays the comeback spirit and faith of shark attack survivor and champion surfer Bethany Hamilton.E. Although it is a better fantasy than a comedy, this movie never fully embraces either side of the dramatic types and ends up a bastard of mixed blood.F. This movie is a richer and more compelling thriller involving a cat-and-mouse game than the average roller coaster ride into tension and misery. And it also has a “clean” ending.以下是这些影视作品的背景简介或故事梗概。请将相关背景简介或故事梗概与影视作品的海报及提示性文字匹配起来。46（）. Having spent most of her life in the worlds of Finland and toughened herself with half her teen years harsh training as a killer, she decides that she is ready to enter society. Her first mission is to kill Marissa, her mothers killer. The plan goes much as expected, except the “Marissa” is an imposter. Hanna becomes the prey in a cat-and-mouse game with the real Marissa, causing tension and misery.47. Blu is a domesticated macaw from the jungles of South America. If Linda, his owner, brings him to Rio, the bird can mate the last female blue macaw and re-start the species. Blus encounter with his bride-to-be, Jewel, doesnt go well, but the two arent given much time to get to know each other before a gang of bird-hunters spirits them away. Now its up to Blu and Jewel to escape the criminals.48. Perhaps surprisingly, it works reasonably well until the jokes get in the way, testifying to how durable fantasy clichs are. Yet, considering the talent involved on both sides of the camera, audiences may be expecting more. Even though it emerges from an uncrowded genre in which the competition is sparse, Your Highness is forgettable and it likely wont take long before it is forgotten.49. The film begins with the heroine at age 13, already a champion surfer who has been winning trophies since she was 9. On an idyllic Hawaii day, she is practicing for next competition when a shark strikes, biting off her left arm. She makes a quick physical recovery and is back on her surfboard after several weeks, but her spiritual recovery is more complicated as she struggle to believe she can and should keep surfing. She goes out their and shows the world she can be a beacon for human soul.50. The Ghost Face Killer has chosen this year to emerge from the winter long sleep, and his t