四川省广安市2020高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解系列训练（76）

广安市2020高考英语阅读理解一轮系列训练（76）阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。Every year 2.2 million tons of oil are spilled ( 散落，溅出 ) into the ocean. Actually, this only amounts to a small percentage of the total 1.6 billion tons of oil shipped around the world each year.However, this spilled oil has terrible effects on ocean life, including the coastlines where the off washes up onto shore. Some of the largest spills in history were caused by oil tankers running into each other or by an oil tanker sailing into shallow water and hitting the bottom of the ocean. After these spills, officials try to discover who or what was at fault to help prevent similar accidents in the future.One of the worst oil spills in history occurred along the Alaskan coastline in 1989. In this accident, 42,000 tons of oil spilled from a tanker which resulted in terrible damage to this sensitive natural area. In this spill, the tankers captain, who was tired from overwork and drinking alcohol, had gone to take a rest. He gave control of the ship to the third mate. The third mate was unfamiliar with the path the ship took, and he ran the ship onto Blighe Reef. Blighe Reef is a natural underwater rock wall near the Alaskan coast. Damaged by the reef, the ship leaked oil out into the ocean. More than 1,600 kilometers of coastline were affected by the oil spill. Some scientists who studied nature in the area guessed that 580,000 birds and 5,500 otters died when the oil from the spill covered their skin. As well, smaller shellfish and other sea creatures were later eaten by seals, whales, and other animals.The most oil ever spilled was actually dumped on purpose as an act of ecological warfare. The term ecological warfare means to fight by doing harm to nature in the area under attack. In 1990, Iraq sent soldiers into Kuwait and set off the Persian Gulf War. As part of the Iraq war plan,900,000 tons of oil were let out into the Persian Gulf Way Iraq. This oil covered 1,500 square kilometers of water in the Persian Gulf. The oil also damaged 650 kilometers of the coastline of both Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. In some places, oil floating on the water was measured to be 43 centimeters thick. Water birds, water plants, and baby fish were all seriously affected by the oil. The long-term effects of this act on the food chain in the area are bound to cause problems tar into the future.1. Which cause of oil spills is described in the second paragraph?A. Dumping B. WarC.Accidents D.Throwing about carelessly2. The creatures affected by the oil spill near Alaska were_.A. birds and otters B. shellfishC. seals and whales D. all of the above3. The third mate ran the thanker agound (触礁) in this accident because_.A. he was tired B. he was drunkC.he was talking on the phone D.he did not know the sea4. _ was responsible for dumping oil into the Persian Gulf.A.The United States B. Kuwait C .Saudi Arabia D. Iraq1、答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节理解题。从第二段的前半部分可知，由于油轮的船长过度工作并且喝醉，将船交给了船上的另外一名对船的航线不熟悉的人，从而导致了触礁事件。故选C。2、答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节题。从第二段最后两句话 “Some scientists who studied nature in the area guessed that 580,000 birds and 5,500 otters died when the oil from the spill covered their skin. As well, smaller shellfish and other sea creatures were later eaten by seals, whales, and other animals.”可知，答案为D。3、答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节理解题。从第二段 “The third mate was unfamiliar with the path the ship took, and he ran the ship onto Blighe Reef.”可知，导致触礁事件的原因是驾驶油轮的人不知道航线，与D选项意思符合。4、答案解析： 答案为D。本题为细节题。从最后一段第三句话 “In 1990, Iraq sent soldiers into Kuwait and set off the Persian Gulf War.”可知，对波斯湾倾油事件负责的是伊拉克。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。体裁题材词数难度建议用时议论文教育3338分钟Kids can be taught valuable lessons on nature from the time they are old enough to observe their surroundings.With the help of a parent，grandparent or caregiver，a small child can learn to explore parks，wooded areas and gardens.Parents and caregivers should take every available opportunity to introduce them to plant life，beneficial insects，wildlife and more.These types of lessons are important.One of the best ways to explore nature with a small child is on their level.Look for wild flowers，and point out their beautiful colors and patterns.Even a very small child can learn to recognize wild flowers.However，it is also important to teach a small child the importance of leaving nature untouched for others to enjoy.Leaving wild flowers alone will allow them to spread and continue their life cycle.They look beautiful in a vase，but they are even more lovely in their natural habitat.The world in between blades (叶片) of grass and under the leaves of flowers is seldom seen by human beings.When looking for ways to explore nature with a small child，take the time to get down on the ground and look for insects including ants，fireflies，ladybugs，earthworms and caterpillars.A child should be taught that living beings are not toys.They have feelings and needs.A small child should be taught that life is valuable to every living creature.Kids that are taught to respect nature will grow to be more caring adults.Plant life is also an important part of our environment，and it is fun to explore with a child of any age.Plant some vegetables or flower seeds when seeking additional ways to explore nature with a small child.If space is lacking，start a small container garden.Fill a pot with rich organic soil，and have the child help plant the seeds and care for the seedlings (幼苗) as they grow.Not only is it fun and educational，but it is also a great bonding experience and a way to positively influence a small and impressionable child.【解题导语】本文介绍了如何帮助孩子观察自然，了解自然，使他们长大后成为有责任心和同情心的人。1A kid should be taught valuable lessons on nature when _Ahe shows interest in plantsBhe is old enough to go to schoolChe is able to walkDhe can observe things答案D细节理解题。根据第一段Kids can be taught valuable lessons on nature from the time they are old enough to observe their surroundings可知，答案为D。2When the kids are watching wild flowers，the author stresses the importance of _Ateaching them how to grow themBtelling them to protect themCtelling them the patterns and colorsDteaching them how to recognize them答案B推理判断题。根据第二段However，it is also important to teach a small child the importance of leaving nature untouched for others to enjoy可推断，答案为B。3Kids should be taught to respect nature in order to _.Alet them be more caring after growing upBlet them know that life is hard for everyoneChelp them gain more knowledge and love scienceDtell them the right way of watching the world答案A细节理解题。根据第三段Kids that are taught to respect nature will grow to be more caring adults可知，答案为A。4In Paragraph 3，the author mainly tells us to _Astop children from playing with insectsBprotect all the insects that we discoverCshow a child the world that they rarely seeDlet a kid know insects are beneficial to us答案C主旨大意题。根据第三段The world in between blades of grass and under the leaves of flowers is seldom seen by human beings和下文可知，本段主要告诉我们要让孩子观察另一个人们不太注意的世界，故答案为C。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。Elevenyearold twins Luke and Ryan Novolsel of Wilmette，Illinois，had a goal. The fifthgraders wanted to set a Guinness world record.Ryan Novolsel and his twin brother Luke hope that Guinness World Records will recognize their school for having the most sets of twins in a single grade. Some of their friends had already tried to jump on a pogo stick longer than anyone else. One even attempted to produce the loudest burp(打嗝). But none of them came close. Then Luke and Ryan realized that there were lots of other twins in their grade at Highcrest Middle School. They did a full count，and were amazed to discover 24 sets of twins in all.“We were absolutely shocked，”Luke and Ryans mother，Nancy Fendley，told the Associated Press. The boys figured they now had their Guinness record：most pairs of twins in one grade. The current record is 16 pairs，and is shared by Valley Southwoods Freshman High School in Iowa，Staples High School in Connecticut，and Maine South High School in Illinois.Earlier this year，Luke and Ryanwith help from their parentssent an application to Guinness. They added birth certificates，photos，and proof that all of the sets of twins attend Highcrest Middle School. They expected to hear back in several weeks on whether they actually set a new world record.Since 1980，twin birth rates have more than doubled in the United States，according to the Centers for Disease Control(CDC). The age of mothers has gone up over the years，and women in their 30s are more likely to give birth to twins. In 2020，one in every 30 infants was born a twin，compared with one in 53 infants in 1980.For Highcrest Middle School，the rise in twin births could be a ticket into the record books. Dave Palzet，the schools principal，said he is proud of his students effort.“I think it is wonderful that they have taken it on themselves to research and work with the world record officials to obtain this great honor for Highcrest Middle School，”he said.【解题导语】Luke和Ryan发现他们学校有二十四对双胞胎，他们向吉尼斯世界纪录提交了申请，希望创造一项一所学校单年级双胞胎最多的世界纪录。1According to Paragraph 2，what Luke and Ryans friends did shows that _Athey really have a gift for doing sportsBthey are interested in setting a Guinness world recordCthey have tried many things to inspire Luke and RyanDthey are trying their best to help the twins set a world record答案B推理判断题。根据第二段的Some of their.came close.可知Luke和Ryan的一些朋友已经尝试过创造一些世界纪录了，故可推断他们对创造世界纪录很感兴趣。2From Nancy Fendleys response in Paragraph 3，we infer that Luke and Ryan _Ahad thought they were the only twins at their schoolBdidnt expect there were so many twins at their schoolCthought there would be at most 16 pairs of twins at their schoolDfelt disappointed when they figured out the number of twins at their school答案B推理判断题。根据第三段的“We were.told the Associated Press.可知这对双胞胎没有料到他们学校里有这么多双胞胎。”3We know that compared to over thirty years ago，now in America _Amothers tend to give birth to babies in their early 20sBmothers are less likely to give birth in their 30sCmothers are more likely to give birth to twinsDmothers want to have more kids答案C细节理解题。根据第五段的In 2020，one.in 53 infants in 1980.可知跟三十多年前相比，现在双胞胎出生率更高。4What is Dave Palzets attitude toward his students effort?AAngry. BWorried.CIndifferent. DSupportive.答案D推理判断题。根据末段的“I think it is wonderful.Highcrest Middle School，”he said.可推断Dave Palzet支持学生们的行为。【由湖南省2020高考十三校联考第二次考试改编】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Nowadays some students in middle school date with their classmatesAccording to a new study from the University of Georgia, those students have much worse study skills and are four times more likely to stop schoolingThey use twice as much alcohol and tobacco than their single classmatesRomantic relationships are a trademark of adolescence, but very few studies have examined how adolescents differ in the development of these relationships, said Pamela Orpinas, study author and professor in the College of Public Health and Head of the department of Health Promotion and BehaviourOrpinas followed a group of 624 students over a seven-year period from 6th to 12th gradesEach year, the group of students completed a survey indicating whether they had dated and reported the frequency of different behaviours, including the use of drugs and alcoholTheir teachers completed questionnaires about the students7 academic efforts He found some students never or hardly ever reported dating from middle to high school, and these students had consistently the best study skills according to their teachersOther students dated infrequently in middle school but increased the frequency of dating in high schoolAt all points in time, teachers rated the students who reported the lowest frequency of dating as having the best study skills and students with highest dating as having the worst study skills, according to the journal articleStudy skills refer to behaviours that lead to academic success such as doing homework for extra credit, being well organized, finishing homework, working hard and reading assigned chaptersDating a classmate may have the same emotional complications （并发症） of dating a co-worker, Orpinas saidWhen the couple break up, they have to continue to see each other in class and perhaps witness the ex-partner （前伴侣） dating someone elseIt is reasonable to think this could be linked to depression and distract （分散注意力） them from studyingDating should not be considered a ceremony of growth in middle school, Orpinas concluded1We can learn from the passage that students who date in middle school may _Abe less likely to use alcohol and tobaccoBenjoy better school livesCbe more likely to hurt othersDhave poorer academic performances2During his study, Orpinas _Afound study skills have connection with their frequency of datingBcompleted questionnaires about the students7 academic effortsCcompleted a survey and a report each yearDfollowed a group of students of 6th and 12th3Study skills may include the following behaviors and qualities except _Abeing kind and helpfulBbeing well organizedCbeing diligentDfinishing assigned schoolwork4What can possibly happen to those who date in middle school after they break up?AThey will think it reasonable to get depressedBThey will miss their ex-partners sometimesCTheir attention to studying will be affectedDThey dont want to see each other any longer5According to the passage, Orpinas holds a（n） _ attitude towards dating in middle schoolAindifferent Bnegative Cpositive Dsupportive【参考答案】15、DAACB【由湖南省2020高考十三校联考第二次考试改编】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。If you are a fan of JK Rowling and her Harry Potter book series, you may be fascinated with the idea of an invisible coatYou are not aloneScientists have been working hard to produce a material which will make buildings as well as people invisibleNow a Canadian company claims to have succeeded with magical textile （纺织品） called Quantum StealthBritish Columbia based on Hyperstealth Technology Corporation claims that the material makes its wearers completely invisible, even to people with night glassesAlso, just like the young wizards coat, it is light-weight and does not need cameras, batteries, lights or mirrors to operateBut best of all, it is cheap to makeAs to how it really works, the company keeps it a top secretBesides stating that they have successfully managed to bend light waves, so that they go round the material instead of through it, the company is not giving out any detailsWhat it does detail is all the good uses that Quantum Stealth could be put to-ranging from protecting US and Canadian soldiers forced to step into enemy region, to allowing special armed forces to carry out surprise attack without any fear of being seenAnd if that is not enough they even imagine creating aircrafts and submarines （潜水艇） that can go completely un