天津市2020年高三英语关于动词的时态和语态(无附答案)新课标 人教版

天津市2020年高三英语关于动词的时态和语态(无附答案)英语中常见的时态有8种- 一般现在时/一般过去时；现在进行时/过去进行时；一般将来时/过去将来时；现在完成时/过去完成时。另外还有现在完成进行时/过去完成进行时，将来完成时，将来进行时。一 关于一般现在时 （第三人称动词后加” s” 或“es” ）（1）表示经常性、习惯性动作。（2）普遍真理、自然现象，谚语、报刊标题等（3）代替将来时（主从句均为将来时时，代替从句中的将来时）（4）以 here ,there 开头的句子中， 动词go come 等用现在时代替进行时Here comes the bus. There goes the bell.二 关于一般过去时 （谓语构成: V +ed, 注意不规则动词的构成）（1）表过去经常性、习惯性动。（注意比较would do/ used to do ）She often came to visit us when she was there.Whenever I went to Beijing, he would come to guide me.(2) 过去某一时刻发生的动作。三 关于现在进行时 （ am/is/are + ving）(1) 表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。How are getting along with your studies these days?More and more people are giving up smoking.(2) 表将来，用于从句中，可代替将来时。常用于瞬间动词，如come, go, leave, arrive, die 等，常表示渐进或安排要进行的动作。If she is doing her homework, dont interrupt her.He is dying.注意：系动词look, feel, taste, smell, sound, prove,等及心理活动的动词 want, mean, mind, hope, understand, know, like, dislike ,love, prefer, hate ,doubt等一般不用进行时。The dish smells good.【3】 always, all the time 等于进行时态连用，表示惊讶、感叹、厌恶不耐烦等感情色彩。He is always thinking of himself. （讨厌）New products are appearing all the time. ( 高兴)You are drinking too much. -Only at home, and nobody sees me.(4) 介词短语表进行。常见：on holiday/sale/fire/show/display, at dinner/war/school/work, under repair/construction/control/discussion 等。The question is under discussion.四 关于过去进行时 (was/were ving)(1) 在过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作。He was writing a novel, but I dont know if he has finished it now.(2) 于现在进行时一样，always 等用于过去进行时，也表示感情色彩He was always complaining of everything.【3】come , go plan, expect 等过去进行时有时表示打算做而实际未做之事We were going to the party, but our headmaster told us to attend a meeting.She was coming to go shopping with me, but unfortunately she was ill.五 关于一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或状态。将来时有五种常用结构，具体形式及用法如下。（1） will/ shall ( 仅用于第一人称)do sth. 表示纯粹的将来时。（2） be going to do sth 1.表示有计划，有准备做 2 表示某事肯定会发生（3） be about to do sth. “ 立刻，马上要做。“常与 when 连用（4） be to do sth. 表吩咐、命令、义务要求； 有感情色彩。（5） be doing sth. 表渐进， 常用于瞬间动词（6） will be doing sth. 1. 将来某一时刻正进行2. 表示安排好计划好要做。=be going to doe.g 1. Im sorry I forgot to post your letter.- Never mind, I will post it myself. ( 纯粹将来)2Look at the clouds! It looks as if it is going to rain. ( 肯定会发生)3I was about to leave when the bell rung. ( 正要。这时)4. If you are to succeed, you must study hard. ( 吩咐，义务)5 All these things are to be answered for. ( 命令，必须)6 Unfortunately when I arrived she was just leaving, so we only had time for a few words.7. I will be waiting for you at the station tomorrow evening. ( be going to)六 关于过去将来时表示从过去某时刻看将要发生的动作。不能单独使用。常用于宾语从句中。 用法（1） 和一般将来时基本相同，只是时间在过去。（2） 用于表对现在和将来的虚拟中。（3） 注意would与used to do 的区别。七 关于现在完成时 （have/has done ）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果； 过去的动作一直持续到现在刚刚停止，或还会继续进行下去。常与延续性动词连用。完成时常与lately, so far, recently, up to/until now, in the past/last few years, for some time, since some time ago, since + clause 连用。I have finished reading three books so far.常用句式：1 It is /has been some time since + clause ( did)2 This/It is the first time that + clause ( have done)3. This is the best film that + clause ( have done)注意：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：一般过去时只表示过去的动作，常与过去的具体时间（包括when）连用; 现在完成时则强调对现在的影响或结果。要特别注意时间状语。He finished the work three hours ago.Three years have passed since he came to China.八 关于过去完成时 （had done sth）表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作。不能单独使用。（1） It was three years since he had come here.It/That was the first time that+ clause ( had done)This was the best film that + clause ( had done)【2】 had hoped/expected/planned/wanted/meant/thought 表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算。We had hoped to catch the 7:00 train, but we missed it.(3) No sooner /Hardly had +S.+ p.p than/when + clause ( did)No sooner had we arrived home than it began to rain.(4) By the end of + 过去时间(5) By the time + clause ( did)By the end of last term, they had finished two thirds of the task.By the time he was ten, he had built his own lab.注意： by the end of + 将来时间，by the time + clause (do/does) 与将来完成时连用。By the time he comes back we will have finished the work.By the end of this year the project will have been completed.九 完成进行时 （have/has been doing sth., had been doing sth）现在完成进行时表示过去的动作一直持续到现在刚停止或还会持续下去。与延续性动词连用。介词常用for 和since 。 过去完成进行时表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前一直进行的动作。没有被动形式， 被动式用完成时代替。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.They had been watching TV before I came back.十 关于时态的呼应一般说来，主句为现在时或将来时，从句视情况而定； 如果主句动词为过去时，从句则必须用过去时( 客观真理、自然现象除外)。She doesnt know you have been in Dalian for three years.He has told me when you will begin the new plan.She doesnt know why her father didnt come back yesterday.注意：如果从句中有过去的具体时间，即使动作在主句动词之前发生，也仍用一般过去时。He said he went to school when he was five years old.She told me she went abroad in 1999.十一 关于被动语态 ( 只有及物动词才有被动语态)1 各种时态被动语态的构成：一般现在时/一般过去时：be ( am/is/are/was/were) + done一般将来时/过去将来时：will(would)/shall(should)/be going to be done现在完成时/过去完成时：have/has/had been done现在进行时/过去进行时：be being done注意：be也可以用get ( 有时也用become)表示，常用语口语. 疑问否定借助do/does/didThe boy gets punished almost every day.Did you get scolded yesterday?2. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：must/may/can/could/might be doneThe work must be finished as soon as possible.3. 动词短语的被动语态，注意动词后的介词The old couple are being taken good care of.4. 感官动词后做宾补的不定式，变被动时省略的to要加上。We saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road.5. 关于主动形式表达被动含义。（1） 当不定式的逻辑主语与句子主语相同时，不定使用主动形式。I have many questions to ask.With many work to do tonight, I have to stay at home.（2）sth/sb.+ adj. + to doThis kind of food is crisp and tasty to eat.The young man is easy to get along with.(3) sth/sb need/want/require doing (=to be done)be (well) worth doingThe flowers need/want/require watering/tobe watered.The old man need examining.(4) be to blame 受责备Who is to blame for the accident? 6. 某些系动词如：feel, taste, smell, sound. Look, turn, prove等，以及一些表主语品质、性能的词，如：sell, read, wash, write, clean, burn, record 等没有被动形式。The room cleans very easily.The fruit tastes good and sells well.Dry wood burns easily.The cloth washes well.The pen writes smoothly.His voice records well.巩固练习：2020年各地时态语态高考题专练：1 John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $ 3000 more than he _ for the wedding.(全国) A. will plan B, has planned C. would plan D. had planned2. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads _ rising these days. (全国)A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping3. The house belong to my aunt but she _ here any more. (全国)A. hasnt lived B. didnt live C. hadnt lived D. doesnt live4. The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercises. (全国)A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels5. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _ yesterday. (全国)A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened6. -_ leave at the end of this month. -I dont think you should do that until _ another job.(北京)A. Im going to, youd found B. Im going to, youve found C. Ill, youll D. Ill, youd find7. -Your job _ open for your return. -Thanks. (北京)A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept8. -Where did you put the car keys? -Oh, I _ I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I _ in. (北京) A. remembered, come B. remembered, was coming C. remember, come D. remember, was coming9. What we used to think _ impossible now does seem possible ( 天津)A. is B