安徽省2020高考英语 自主命题仿真卷三

安徽省高考自主命题2020仿真卷(三)第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节, 满分35分）第一节：语法和词汇知识（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）21. It was terribly windy last night and there was _ 18-degree drop in _ temperature.A. a;/ B. /;/ C. an;/ D. an; the22. -Would you lend me $ 100 9 I need it to buy myself an MP3 player.-_.A. What a pity B. Thats right C. Nothing doing D. That depends23. _ that everyone present approves of the plan, it will come into effect from the new year on.A. For B. Now C. Since D. Despite24. In a time of social reform, peoples state of mind tends to keep _ with the rapid changes of society.A. step B. progress C. pace D. touch25. My train arrives in Chicago at eight oclock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _ by then.A. would leave B. will have left C. has left D. had left26. Im sorry. I cant see you immediately; but if youd like to take a seat, Ill be with you _.A. for a moment B. in a moment C. for the moment D. at the moment27. The violin player was certainly loud. But I wasnt bothered by his loudness _ by his lack of talent.A. than B. more than C. as D. so much as28. Susan ought to stop work; she has a headache because she _ too long.A. has been writing B. had written C. is writing D. wrote29. The researcher could hardly find enough evidence _ his arguments in favour of the new theory.A. to be based on B. to base on C. which to base on D. on which to base30. Jack was halfway back to the village where his mother lived _ Mary caught up with him.A. when B. while C. until D. though31. _ the weather changing so rapidly, we couldnt go on with the experiment.A. Since B. Because C. As D. With32. After working all day, he was so tired that he was in no _ to go to the evening with us.A. mood B. emotion C. sense D. taste33. If you dont like to go skating, you _ as well stay at home.A. should B. may C. can D. would34. It is obvious that the strength of a country is directly ensured by the efficiency of education, and _ this in turn relies upon the efforts of educators of all kinds.A. which B. how C. that D. why35. Contrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is when _ alone.A. seen B. is seen C. to be seen D. having been seen第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。From the war room to the hoard room, negotiations (谈判) are a part of everyday life. Successful negotiations demand a clear _36_ of ones opponent (对手). But what _37_ should one take to achieve such an understanding in everyday negotiations?Psychologist Adam Galinsky and colleagues William Maddux, Debra Gilin, and Judith White asked a _38_ question and found that success in negotiations _39_ on focusing on the head and not the _40_. In other words, it is better to understand the perspective of negotiation opponents _41_ sympathize with them.Perspective-taking, according to the study published in the April 2020 issue of Psychological Science, _42_ understanding and anticipating (预期) an opponents interests, thoughts, and _43_ behaviors, whereas empathy (同情) focuses mostly on sympathy and compassion for another.Perspective takers are able to step outside the limits of their own immediate, biased (偏见的) frames of preference, wrote the authors. Empathy, _44_, leads individuals to violate norms of equity and equality and to provide preferential treatments.The researchers _45_ a total of three studies designed to assess the relationship between successful negotiations and perspective-taking and empathy tendencies. In two of them, the participants negotiated the sale of a gas station _46_ a deal based solely on price was impossible: the sellers _47_ price was higher than the buyers limit. However, both parties basic interests were compatible (相容的), and so creative deals were possible. In the first study, those _48_ who scored highly on the perspective-taking part of a personality test were more likely to successfully _49_ a deal. In contrast, higher scores on empathy led the two parties to be _50_ at reaching a creative deal.In the second study involving the same gas station negotiation, participants were _51_ into three groups: the perspective-taking group, who were told to imagine _52_ the other person was thinking; the empathy group, who were told to imagine what the other person was _53_; and a control group. The psychologists discovered that perspective-takers secured the most agreements and increased the satisfaction of their opponents _54_ the control condition. Although empathizers produced the highest level of opponent satisfaction, they were less successful than perspective-takers at reaching a deal and _55_ failed to create long-term value for themselves and their opponents.36. A. knowledge B. understanding C. awareness D. idea37. A. suggestion B. way C. approach D. proposal38. A. same B. similar C. alike D. like39. A. replies B. decides C. lies D. depends40. A. mind B. reason C. emotion D. heart41. A. other than B. more than C. rather than D. better than42. A. involves B. devotes C. shares D. restores43. A. probably B. likely C. perhaps D. possibly44. A. therefore B. thus C. although D. however45. A. reformed B. performed C. understood i). carried46. A. where B. which C. why D. what47. A. requiring B. requesting C. demanding D. asking48. A. opponents B. participants C. competitors D. members49. A. arrive at B. lead 1o C. get to D. arrive in50. A. more successful B. more failing C. less successful D. less failing51. A. separated B. cut C. sorted D. fallen52. A. that B. whether C. which D. what53. A. saying B. considering C. feeling D. looking54. A. comparing to B. compared to C. compared in D. comparing with55. A. so B. finally C. that D. thus第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项( A, B，C，和D)中，进出最佳答案并将答案写在答题卡上。AThere are many factors which may have an influence on adults and children being able to lead a healthy life.Nowadays, people are very busy. Often, both parents work outside the home. Children are expected to take on more responsibility at home to help their parents. They also have sporting and leisure activities as well as school expectations.The business also adds another factor: the need to use cars to get from one place to another quickly.Today, society places a lot of emphasis on technology. Computers, DVDs. CDs, television, PlayStations and X-boxes have become major leisure activities, rather than traditional more active pursuits (追求). This has led to a more sedentary lifestyle.The media provide entertainment and information. Unfortunately, they also promote fast food which fits easily into busy lifestyles. It is much more convenient at times to buy a quick takeaway rather than prepare a meal. The media constantly bombard (轰炸) their audience with perfect body images, the need to buy the most fashionable clothes, the most up-to-date computer games, the best places to visit and the best things to do.Environments vary. We may be exposed to pollution, such as cigarette smoke. This can be harmful to people who suffer from breathing difficulties. Environments where passive smoking is unavoidable make it difficult to lead a healthy life.It is important factor influencing healthy lifestyles is motivation, or the desire to be healthy. Any person who wants to be healthy will find a way to be healthy-if he/she is motivated enough!56. The passage is mainly about _.A. benefits of a healthy life style B. demands of daily lifeC. factors affecting a healthy lifestyle D. a positive approach to healthy living57. The word sedentary probable means _.A. having a lot of things to do B. involving little exercise or physical activityC. being isolated from the outside world D. experiencing a lot of stress58. Which is NOT listed as a factor influencing the ability to have a healthy lifestyle?A. Pollution. B. Economic factors.C. Dependence upon cars. D. Influence of family or friends.59. According to the author, _ may be the most important factor influencing healthy.A. technology B. cultural backgroundC. environment D. the desire to be healthyBA study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics and wars. But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books.In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective: it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly political artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May, 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its abuse (滥用) of power over people.In the same way, art can reflect a cultures religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art had been almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that described people and stories from the Bible. Although most people couldnt read, they could still understand the Bible stories in the pictures on walls of churches. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was, and still is, its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that statues are not holy.60. More can be learned about a culture from a study of art history than general history because _.A. art history shows us nothing but the political valuesB. general history only focuses on politicsC. art history gives us an insight (洞察力) into the essential qualities of a time and a placeD. general history concerns only religious beliefs, emotions and psychology61. Art is subjective in that _.A. a personal and emotional view of history is presented through itB. it only reflects peoples anger or sadness about social problemsC. it can easily arouse peoples anger about their governmentD. artists were or are religious, who reflect only the religious aspect of the society62. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. In history books political views of people are entirely presented.B. Francisco Goya expressed his religious belief in his painting The Third of May, 1808.C. In the Middle East, you can hardly find animal or human figures on palaces or other building.D. For centuries in Europe, painters had only painted on walls of churches or other religious buildings.63. The passage mainly discusses _.A. the development of art historyB. the difference between general history and art historyC. what we can learn from art D. the influence of artists on art historyCNonverbal (非语言的) communication has to do with gestures, movements and closeness of two people when they are talking. The scientists say that those gestures, movements and so on have meaning which words do not carry.For example, the body distance between two speakers can be important. North Americans often complain that South Americans are unfriendly because they tend to stand close to the North American when speaking, while the South American often considers the North American to be cold or distant because he keeps a greater distance between himself and the person he is speaking to. The eye contact provides another example of what we are calling nonverbal communication. Scientists have observed that there is more eye contact between people who like each other than there is between people who dont like each other. The length of time that the person whom you are speaking to looks at your eyes indicates the amount of interest he has in the things you are talking about.On the other hand, too long a gaze (凝视) can make people uncomfortable. The eyes apparently play a great part in nonverbal communication. Genuine warmth or interest, shyness or confidence can often be seen in the eyes. We do not always consider a smile to be a sign of friendliness. Someone who is always smiling, and with little apparent reasons, often makes us uneasy.64. According to the passage, nonverbal communication _.A. is a method often used by people who cannot speakB. can tell something that words cannotC. can be used to talk with people who cannot bear D. is less used than words65. The South American _.A. tends to keep a distance between himself and the person he is speaking toB. usually stands close to the person he is talking toC. is often unfriendly when spoken toD. is often cold and distant when speaking66. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Less eye contact suggests distance in relation.B. The longer one looks at you, the more interest he has in you.C. There is more eye contact between people who like each other.D. Shorter eye contact shows more interest in what one is talking about.67. Constant smiling without apparent reason _.A. is a sign of ones friendliness B. is a sign of ones unfriendlinessC. makes people feel happy D. makes people feel uncomfortableDAs supplier of most of the food we eat and of raw material for many industrial processes, agriculture is clearly an important area of the economy. But the productive performance of agriculture is even more important than this, because in nations where the productivity of farmers is low, most of the working population is needed to raise food and few people are available for production of industrial goods or for other activities required for economic growth. Indeed, one of the factors related most closely to the per capita (按人口平均计算) income of a nation is the number of its population engaged in farming. In the poorest nations of the world, more than half of the population lives on farms. This compares sharply with less than 10 percent in Western Europe and less than 4 percent in the United States. In short, the course of economic development in general depends in a fundamental way on the productive performance of farmers. This performance, in turn, depends on how agriculture is organized and on the economic environment, or market structure, within which it works. In the following pages the performance of American agriculture is examined. It is reasonable to begin with a consideration of its market structure.68. This passage is most probably part of _.A. a news item B. an advertisement C. a lecture D. an article69. What is most important to agriculture is _.A. its productive performance B. the per capita income of farmersC. the amount of food it produces D. the production of industrial goods70. The performance of farmers basically determines _.A. the size of the working population B. the organization of agricultureC. the market structure D. the general development of economy71. This passage will most probably be followed by a discussion of _.A. the market structure of American agricultureB. the structure of American farming populationC. the various functions of American agricultureD. the organization of American agricultureEIn ancient time the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches. In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing students for the doctors degree.Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and development of modern industry. A room full of students for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of worker at an automobile factory. Certainly, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines. One type of test is sometimes called an objective test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions.To set an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct