2020年高考英语阅读理解专题训练

2020年高考英语阅读理解专题训练(1)（一）Health experts have long worried about the increasing rate of obesity in kids. Its an important concern: Being weight or obese during childhood can lead to serious problems normally seen in adults, such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Poor diets and a lack of exercise are usually the causes. But would you ever have imagined there might be a connection between the bacteria that lived in your guts （内脏）when you were a baby and the chance that you would become overweight?Scientists in Finland recently found just such a link. In a recent study, they showed that overweight kids had different species of bacteria living in their guts.You probably think of bacteria only as germs that can make you sick. While its true that some bacteria can make people ill, your body actually depends on some types of bacteria to help you digest food and extract nutrients from it. These “good” bacteria live in your guts, where they process the food you eat.Human babies get these bacterial helpers from their moms. When a baby is born, some of the bacteria in the mother move into the babys body. Growing babies get additional “good” bacteria from the milk their mothers produce. And it turns out the bacteria might play an important role in regulating weight just six years later.So how could these bacteria affect weight? The researchers still havent tested that question, but future tests might lead to an answer.1. The “link” in Paragraph 2 refers to the relationship between _.A. bacteria and the chance of being overweightB. obesity and diabetesC. diets and the chance of being overweightD. bacteria and exercise2. Which of the following is NOT the function of “good” bacteria?A. Helping to digest food.B. Helping to take nutrients from food.C. Helping to regulate weight.D. Making a person ill.3. The purpose of writing this passage is to _.A. introduce the role of bacteria in childrens weightB. analyze the influence of obesity on kidsC. give advice on how to lose weight quicklyD. explain the function of bacteria in foods（二）One event that helps educate young people about things they can do for others is National Youth Service Day (NYSD). Every year on this day, organizations all over the country celebrate young volunteers, educate young people about how they can help their country, and invite them to participate in service projects. Former Secretary of State Colin Powell said, “National Youth Service Day honors young volunteers and is an invitation to others to join hands and do our part as Americans.”Founded in 1988, NYSD originally took place on a Tuesday. Now the event lasts from Friday until Sunday so that more people can participate in it. More than 200 organizations work together to create thousands of projects each year. Millions of young people across the United States take part in these service projects.Long before the event, people, community groups, schools, and nonprofit organizations think of ways to meet their communities needs. Then, they plan projects for young volunteers. Projects include bringing food to hungry people, tutoring younger children and helping senior citizens. During the event, young people from the community do things like planting neighborhood gardens and cleaning up local parks.The organizations that contribute to NYSD believe that volunteering and community service are important activities for people of all ages, but especially for young people. Young people who volunteer are more likely to do well in school, vote, and contribute to charities. More important, they help other people and make the world a better place for everyone.4. The aim of National Youth Service Day is to _.A. educate young people on responsibilityB. invite young people to meet each otherC. encourage young people to serve othersD. celebrate the growth of young people5. On National Youth Service Day, young volunteers will _.A. do some cleaning in public placesB. prepare food for hungry peopleC. plant vegetables and fruitD. help old people to learn6. The purpose of writing this passage is to _.A. warn young people not to affect their schooling during volunteeringB. keep a record of how young people celebrate their festivalC. introduce an event National Youth Service DayD. advise young people to be cooperative when volunteering（三）A traveler was passing through a desert on a hot day. He was tired, feeling thirsty and hungry. At least, he needed a shady spot to rest for a while. A big leafy tree came into view at some distance away. He felt glad and said to himself, “Had I water to drink, now.” Yes, he found a glass full of cold water on the ground right in front of him. Then, he wished, “Had I something to eat right here.” Immediately, a variety of dishes appeared before him. He was under the shade of Kalpa-Vriksha a magical tree. Whoever was under it would have whatever he wished for!The traveler enjoyed the delicious food. He felt drowsy. He wished for a nice bed. It was granted. He stretched himself comfortably on the soft mattress. He hoped that someone would massage (按摩) his feet. Yes, a young lady appeared. She started massaging his feet and legs.He now started thinking differently. “How can things happen like this? Is it some kind of a trick played by a magical demon (魔鬼)?” he doubted. Oh, a true demon appeared in place of the nice lady! Within no time the demon started leaping at him, with his mouth wide open. The frightened traveler took to his heels and ran away.7. What will happen if you sit under the magical tree?A. You will get what you want.B. You will marry a young girl.C. You will meet a demon.D. You will get rid of all your trouble.8. The underlined word “drowsy” in the second paragraph means “_”.A. hungryB. sleepyC. thirstyD. cold9. How many wishes did the traveler make?A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 6.【答案与解析】1. A。从第一段的最后一句可知答案是A。2. D。D项不属于“good” bacteria的作用。3. A。本文作者主要介绍了bacteria对于孩子体重状况所起的作用，因此A项符合作者意图。4 C。从第一段引用的美国前国务卿的话可以看出。5. A。从第三段的最后两句可知答案选A。6. C。本文主要介绍了美国的青年志愿者节，因此C项正确。7. A。由文章第一段的最后一句话可知人们只要坐在这棵树下，就可以得到自己想要的东西。8. B。结合后面的“He wished for a nice bed”他想要一张床可知这里表示“困倦的”。9. B。文章中提到的水，食物，床和按摩的女子都是他的愿望，故B正确(2)（一）About ten years ago, a young and very successful businessman named Josh was traveling down a Chicago neighborhood street. He was going a bit too fast in his shiny, black, 12 cylinder Jaguar XKE, which was only two months old.He was watching for kids rushing out from between parked cars and slowed down when he thought he saw something. As his car passed, no child came out, but a brick sailed out and WHUMP! it hit the Jags shiny black side door! SCREECH.! Immediately Josh stopped the car, jumped out, seized the kid and pushed him up against a parked car. He shouted at the kid, What was that all about and who are you? Just what the heck are you doing?! Building up a head of steam, he went on. Thats my new Jag, that brick you threw is gonna cost you a lot of money. Why did you throw it?Please, mister, please.Im sorry! I didnt know what else to do! begged the youngster. I threw the brick because no one else would stop! tears were streaming down the boys face as he pointed around the parked car. Its my brother, mister, he said. He rolled of the curb (路沿) and fell out of his wheelchair and I cant lift him up. Sobbing, the boy asked the businessman, Would you please help me get him back into his wheelchair? Hes hurt and hes too heavy for me.Moved beyond words, the young businessman tried hard to swallow the rapidly swelling lump in his throat. Straining, he lifted the young man back into the wheelchair and took out his handkerchief and wiped the scrapers and cuts, checking to see that everything was going to be OK. He then watched the younger brother push him down the sidewalk toward their home.It was a long walk back to the black, shining 12 cylinder Jaguar XKE a long and slow walk. Josh never did fix the side door of his Jaguar. He kept the dent (凹痕) to remind him not to go through life so fast that someone has to throw a brick at him to get his attention. Feel for the bricks of life coming at you. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m1. The boy threw a brick at the businessmans car because _.A. the businessman drove at a high speedB. he envied the brand-new car very muchC. he wanted to ask for some moneyD. he wanted to get help from the driver2. Which of the following is the right order of the story?a. The younger brother threw a brick at Joshs car.b. The elder brother fell out of his wheelchair.c. The younger brother begged Josh for help.d. Josh lifted the elder brother back into his wheelchair.e. Josh shouted at the younger brother.A. b, a, e, c, dB. a, c, d, b, eC. b, a, c, e, dD. a, c, b, e, d3. What can we learn from the passage?A. Josh would accept the money from the kids.B. The two kids were Joshs neighbors.C. Josh was a kind-hearted man.D. Joshs new car broke down easily.4. According to the passage, the last sentence means _.A. trying to get ready for the trouble in your future lifeB. driving fast in a neighborhood street is dangerousC. trying to be more understanding seeing others in troubleD. protecting oneself from being hurt（二）Washoe, a female chimpanzee (黑猩猩) believed to be the first non-human to acquire human language, has died of natural causes at the research institute where she was kept.The chimp died on Tuesday night, according to Roger and Deborah Fouts, co-founders of The Chimpanzee and Human Communications Institute in Washington, where she lived.Washoe was born in 1965 in Africa, where she was captured by the Air Force and taken to the US for research use in the space program. In 1966, she left the program and began living with two scientists, Allen and Beatrix Gardner, who led a project to teach the chimp American Sign Language (ASL) in Washoe, Nevada, for which it was named. Washoe had been living on Central Washington Universitys Ellensburg Campus since 1980. She had a vocabulary of about 250 words. Also, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimps: Tatu, 31, Loulis, 29, and Dar, 31Primate (灵长类) researcher Jane Goodall, in Fouts book Next of Kin, noted the importance of the work with Washoe. “Roger, through his ongoing conversations with Washoe and her extended family, has opened a window into a chimpanzees mind,” Goodall said.Though previous efforts to teach chimps spoken languages had failed, the researchers believed there was a better chance using signs. But Washoes language skills were disputed by scientists who believed that language is unique to humans. Among those who doubted that chimps could use language were linguist (语言学家) Noam Chomsky and Harvard scientist Steven Pinker. They believed primates simply learn to perform certain acts in order to receive rewards, and do not acquire true language. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m5. As for its first task, Washoe was involved with _.A. some space researchB. a study on African animalsC. an ASL projectD. the program of training the Air Force6. In Goodalls opinion, teaching Washoe ASL _.A. was not successfulB. led to the book Next of KinC. won honor for FoutsD. made a difference7. In the last paragraph, the underlined word “disputed” probably means “_”.A. supportedB. studiedC. questionedD. discussed8. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The ASL project was first set up in Africa for the study on Washoe.B. Washoe may communicate with other chimps by signing.C. Washoe must have been able to speak 250 words or so.D. The researchers will prove that most chimps could use language.9. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Washoe was the first animal to be taught human language.B. Washoe, the chimp, was named in honor of a place.C. There were four chimps in total at Ellensburg Campus.D. Chomsky believed primates only perform silent signs.【答案解析】本文通过记叙十年前一个叫Josh的非常成功的企业家驾驶着他那崭新的汽车在芝加哥附近的街道上发生的故事，告诉人们应该多体谅他人疾苦。1. D细节题。由第三段中小孩的话语可知。2. A细节题。根据文章第二、三段的描述及小孩的话语，可确定答案。3. C推断题。根据文章的第四段的描述可知Josh是个好心人。4. C句意题。由最后一段倒数第二句的含义可知是叫人们多体谅他人疾苦。5. A。从第三段第一句可知，Washoe的第一项任务是参与太空研究项目（research use in the space program）。6. D。倒数第二段中“Roger, through his ongoing conversations with Washoe and her extended family, has opened a window into a chimpanzees mind”是对“the importance of the work with Washoe”的具体说明。7. C。从“who believed that language is unique to humans”和“doubted”等词句可推知，科学家对Washoes language skills持质疑态度。8. B。从第三段中最后一句可知，Washoe还教其它黑猩猩学习手势语，因此B项推理正确。9. B。从“ in Washoe, Nevada, for which it was named”可知，Washoe是为纪念一个地名而起的w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m (3)（一）A qualified doctor who rarely practiced but instead devoted his life to writing. He once said: “Medicine is my lawful wife, and literature is my lover.” Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, was a great playwright and one of the masters of the modern short story.When Chekhov entered the Moscow University Medical School in 1879, he started to publish hundreds of comic short stories to support his family. After he graduated, he wrote regularly for a local daily newspaper.As a writer he was extremely fast, often producing a short story in an hour or less. Chekhovs medical and science experience can be seen through the indifference(冷漠) many of his characters show to tragic events. In 1892, he became a full time writer and published some of his most memorable stories.Chekhov often wrote about the sufferings of life in small town Russia. Tragic events control his characters who are filled with feelings of hopelessness and despair.It is often said that nothing happens in Chekhovs stories and plays. He made up for this with his exciting technique for developing drama within his characters. Chekhovs work combined the calm attitude of a scientist and doctor with the sensitivity(敏感) of an artist.Some of Chekhovs works were translated into Chinese as early as the 1940s. One of his famous stories, The Man in a Shell, about a school teachers extraordinarily orderly life, was selected as a text for Chinese senior students.1.Anton Pavlovich Chekhov _.A. had a lawful loverB. was an illegal writerC. used to be a lawyerD. was a competent doctor2. In 1880, Chekhov _.A. became a full-time writerB. studied medicine in Moscow UniversityC. practiced medicine in his hometownD. published his most memorable stories3. Which of the following adjectives cant be used to describe Chekhov?A. Sensitive.B. Cool.C. Quick-minded.D. Warm-hearted.4. Which of the following is the right order of the events?a. became a doctorb. became a full time writerc. started to publish comic short storiesd. wrote regularly for a local daily newspaper.e. entered the Moscow University Medical SchoolA. ecadbB. dabceC. ecbadD. aecbd（二）“Children who eat less salt and drink fewer sugar-sweetened soft drinks may significantly lower their risks of obesity,” researchers recently reported in the journal Hypertension.“Sugar-sweetened soft drinks are a significant source of calorie intake in children,” said Feng J. He, a researcher at St Georges University of London, England. “It has been shown that sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption is related to obesity in young people.” They wanted to know whether there is a link between salt intake and sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption.Dr He and colleagues analyzed data from a 1997 national survey of more than 2,000 people between 4 and 18 in Britain. “We found that children eating a lower-salt diet drank less fluid,” said He. “From our research, we estimated that 1 gram of salt cut from their daily diet would reduce fluid intake by 100 grams per day.”The researchers also found that children eating a lower-salt diet drank fewer sugar-sweetened soft drinks. From their research, they predicted that reducing salt intake by 1 gram each day would reduce sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption by 27 grams per day, after. “If children aged 4 to 18 cut their salt intake by half, there would be a decrease of about two sugar-sweetened soft drinks per week per child, so each child would decrease calorie intake by almost 250 kilocalories per week,” Dr He said.In previous studies, researchers found that a low-salt diet lowers blood pressure in children, and prevents the development of high blood pressure later in life. “Both high blood pressure and obesity increase the risk of having strokes and heart attacks,” Dr He said.Dr He recommends that parents check labels and choose low-salt food products. “Small reductions in the salt content of 10 to 20 percent cannot be detected by the human salt taste receptors (感受器) and do not cause any technological or safety problems,” Dr He said.5. According to the passage, obesity is directly linked to _.A. high-salt foodsB. sugar-sweetened soft drinksC. high blood pressureD. strokes and heart attacks6. Compared with previous studies, the recent one found that _.A. a lower-salt diet may mean less sugar-sweetened soft drink consumptionB. a low-salt diet keeps children out of high blood pressureC. children face the risk of having strokes and heart attacksD. low-salt food products do not do harm to peoples health7. Which of the following statements would Dr He agree to?A. The less salt people eat, the healthier people become.B. Children should reduce fluid intake in their daily life.C. No high-salt food products will be available in shops.D. A low-salt diet may prevent both high blood pressure and obesity.8. After reading the passage, who should take effective action?A. Children.B. Parents.C. Doctors.D. Researchers.【答案与解析】1. D 事实细节题。根据 A qualified doctor who rarely practiced 可知，契诃夫是个合格的医生。2. B 推理判断题。根据 When