2020高考英语总复习（专题攻略）之非谓语动词、助动词与情态动词 非谓语动词之不定式

（非谓语动词之）不定式不定式的语法功能：除不能作谓语，其他句子成分都可。1. 不定式作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。注意常用it作形式主语。Itsfor sb. / Itsof sb.1) for sb.前常用表示事物的特征特点或客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等。Its very hard for him to study two languages.对他来说，学习两种语言是很困难的。2) of sb.的句型一般用于表示人物的性格、品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, cruel, right等。Its very nice of you to help me. 你能帮助我真的是太好了。2. 不定式作宾语I want to speak to Tom. 我想跟Tom谈谈。Please show us how to do that. 请给我们演示一下怎么操作。3. 不定式作宾补Father will not allow us to play on the street.爸爸不允许我们在街上玩耍。4. 不定式作表语不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天打扫房间。5. 不定式作定语不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。6. 不定式作状语1) 目的状语to , only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such) as to (如此以便)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他跑得如此之快，就是为了赶上首班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来这里只是为了跟你说再见。2) 结果状语He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，不过什么也没有找到。3) 原因状语Im glad to see you. 见到你我很高兴。用作介词的toto有两种用法：“不定式+动词原形”，“介词+名词/动名词”，下面的用法是“to+名词/动名词”：admit to承认，confess to承认，be accustomed to习惯于，be used to习惯于，stick to坚持，turn to开始，着手于，devote oneself to献身于，be devoted to致力于，look forward to盼望，pay attention to注意省略to的动词不定式1) 情态动词 (除ought外，ought to)；2) 使役动词 let, have, make；3) 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find等后作宾补，省略to。注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.老板让他们通宵工作。4) would rather, had better；5) Why / why not；6) help后既可带to，也可不带to，help sb. (to) do sth.；7) but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。He wants to do nothing but go out. 除了外出，他什么也不想做。8) 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去；He wants to move to France and marry the girl.他想移居到发过，跟那个女孩结婚。9) 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be。He is supposed (to be) nice. 他本应该挺不错的。动词不定式的否定式not放在不定式符号to的前面。Tell him not to shut the window. 告诉他不要关窗户。She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我路过时，她装作没有看到我。不定式特殊句型tooto1) tooto太以至于不能He is too excited to speak. 他兴奋的说不出话来。2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意为“不太”。Its never too late to mend.(谚语) 亡羊补牢，为时未晚。3) 当too前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常，等于very。Im only too pleased to be able to help you. 能够帮到你，我非常高兴。He was but too eager to get home. 他非常渴望回家。不定式特殊句型so as to1) 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.对于事故，Tom表现得很沉默，为的是不丢掉工作。2) so kind as to：劳驾Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?劳驾你能告诉我一下时间吗？不定式的形式和主、被动一般式to do / to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have done / to have been done完成进行式to have been doing1) 一般式：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。He seems to know this. 他似乎知道这个。I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again.期待以后再见到你。2) 完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.很抱歉给你带来如此多的麻烦。3) 进行式：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。He seems to be eating something.他好像在吃什么东西。4) 完成进行式：表示动作或状态从谓语动作之前一直持续到谓语动作发生。She is known to have been thinking over the problem for many days.据知，这个问题她已经思考了好多天了。动名词与不定式1) 动名词与不定式的区别动名词状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的不定式目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的2) 接不定式或动名词，意义相近，如：begin/start to do = begin/start doing; continue to do =continue doing。3) 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11组：stop to dostop doingforget to doforget doingremember to doremember doingregret to doregret doingcease to docease doingtry to dotry doinggo on to dogo on doingafraid to doafraid doinginterested to dointerested doingmean to domean doingbegin / start to dobegin/ start doing常见考法1. 不定式作状语；2. it作形式主语代替后面的不定式；3. 不定式的否定形式；4. 被动语态中的不定式；5. 不定式省to情况；6. 不定式作定语的情况。误区提醒1. 不定式的不同形式误用；2. 被动语态中仍然省to；3. 否定形式not位置弄错；4. 主动语态中该省to不省;5. 不定式作定语时丢内容小试牛刀1.Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_.A.sit B.siton C.beseat D.besaton2.Iusuallygotherebytrain.Whynot_byboatforachange?A.totrygoing B. tryingtogo C. totryandgo D. trygoing3.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learn B.tolearn C.learned D.learning4. Shepretended_mewhenIpassedby.A. nottosee B.notseeing C.tonotsee