2020高考英语一轮复习 模块7 unit1

2020江苏高考名师课堂英语一轮复习基础巩固篇Module 7 Unit 1【考点导练】一、词汇：用方框内所给词的适当形式填空，每空一词。review questionnaire faith associate acknowledgeprofit valid equally caution necessary1. The airport authorities have promised to _ their security measurements.2. We gave them some _ for collecting data.3. A hero is not _ one who has done brave things.4. None of us can _ her, either in beauty or as a dancer.5. There is very little _ in selling newspapers at present.6. She used to _ happiness with having money.7. Always he sought someone to whom he could talk without_.8. He has great talent, but he has lost his_.9. The cheque is not _ if it were not signed by the finance director.10. She is _ as the best tennis-player in the world. superior signal wind apply suitspring personal guarantee expose convenient 11. Its a great _ to live in town.12. In this way they can better _ theory to practice.13. A suspicion _ up in his mind.14. Her speech yesterday was a _ that her views have changed.15. The river _ to the sea.16. He chose Germany, but _ Id prefer to go to Spain.17. The reporter was killed because he tried to _ a plot.18. All the students are assigned to _ jobs.19. We cannot _ the punctual arrival of trains in fogy weather.20. He smiled a _ smile as he drove past in his expensive new car.Key:1. review 2. questionnaires 3. necessarily 4. equal 5. profit6. associate 7. caution 8. faith 9. valid 10. acknowledged11. convenience 12. apply 13. sprang 14. signal 15. winds 16. personally 17. expose 18. suitable 19. guarantee 20. superior二、句型：根据中文提示，完成下列各句。1. _（花费我相当长一段时间） to understand the meaning of the painting.2. Great changes have taken place _.（自从你离开）.3. _ (据报道) one tourist was killed and three were badly injured in the aftershock.4. They lived in a room _（面朝南）.5. _（有必要） for us to have a good knowledge of environmental protection.Key: 1. It takes me quite a long time2. since you left3. It is reported that4. facing the south5. It is necessary三、语法： 单句改错（此部分形式可以多样，如： 填空，句子改写，连词成句等等，但不宜用选择题形式。内容需涉及本单元相关语法知识）。1. Scientists agree to each other that the development of TV will not stop.2. The government has set up a working party to look up the problem of drug abuse.3. The program I capable for calculating our budget for the year.4. Its up of you to determine whether its in your budget or not.5.There are several new models in the market.6. We finished the work just in time, thanks for their help.7. Books are the most important records we keep in mans thought, ideas and feelings.8. John and Jenny are of the same age, but John is taller with a head.9. In the afternoon of June 18, well visit the school.10. Its really nice for you to come and see me.Key: 1. agree to-agree with2. look up-look into3. capable for-capable of4. of to 5. in-on 6. thanks for- thanks to7. in- of 8. with- by 9. In- On 10. for- of四、语篇：根据课文p2-3页内容，在下列空格中填入适当的单词，每空一词。Title: The _1_ of TV and audio devicesEarly _2_ of TVTimeDetails1925Wireless TV transmission was _3_ possible. 1928The first long-distance TV broadcast took place.1929Color TV was first shown.The modern _4_ of TV1948Cable TV began.1989Standards for digital TV were _5_.1996WebTV _6_ into being.The development of _8_ devicesTimeThe appearance of new devices1887 The first _7_ player1931 The fist tape recorder1958 The first LPs1979 The Walkman1982 The first _9_ CDs1987 The MP3Significance to peoples lives Having brought great _10_ and delight to human beingsKeys: 1. review 2. history 3. made 4. development 5. established6. came 7. record 8. audio 9. digital 10. convenience【重点精读】一、词汇与短语：1. apply vt.应用,申请常见短语有：apply for sth to sb. 向某人申请Learning from Mr. S.P. Chen that you are looking for a sales manager, I should like to apply for the position.从SP先生处得悉，贵公司正在招聘一名业务经理，我愿应招此职。apply oneself to (doing) sth专心于You must apply yourself to your studies.你应该专心学习。apply sth. to sth. 把用于In this way they can better apply theory to practice.通过这种方式，我们可以更好地将理论应用于实践中。形近易混词辨析：adopt, adapt, apply, supply1）adopt“收养，采纳”2）adapt“使适应，改编（常与to 连用）”；3）apply“应用，使用（常与to连用）”；4）supply“供应，供给”。自测：1）This rule cannot be _ to every case.2）The merchant _ goods to them.3）She _ herself quickly to the new climate.4）We should _ the consumers suggestion.Key: 1）applied 2）supplies 3）adapted 4）adopt2. associate vt. v. 联合,联想常见的短语有：be associated with 与有关，与有关系；associate with由联想到, 把联系起来Cigarette smoking has been associated with lung cancer.肺癌已被认为与抽烟有关。辨异：associate, link, combine, unite1) associate意为“联合,联想”；2）link意为“连接”，（常与together, to, with连用）；3）combine意为 “使联合结合”；4）connect意为“连接， 把.联系起来”。自测：1) He _ creative imagination and true scholarship.2) We naturally _the name of Darwin with the doctrine of evolution.3) The more of the masses we _with, the better.4) The two towns are _by a railway.Key: 1. combines 2. associate 3. unite 4. linked3. acknowledge v. 承认常见短语有：acknowledge as 承认是She is acknowledged as the best tennis-player in the world.她被公认为是世界最佳网球选手。acknowledge doing sth. 承认做了He acknowledged having been frightened.他承认受到了惊吓。acknowledge sth. 承认We acknowledge his right to vote.我们承认他有选举权。辨析：acknowledge，admit，confess，recognizeacknowledge主要指“承认某事为事实”；admit可译为“承认”，等于acknowledge，也可译为“招认”，等于confess；confess语气较强，指比较正式的，忏悔，坦白或交代；recognize则指认可或公认某一事实；也表示辨认出。自测：1) They_ their mistakes.2) She _ stealing the money.3) He _ his mothers handwriting on the envelope.Key: 1) acknowledged/admitted 2) confessed 3) recognized 4. expose vt. 使暴露,受到;使曝光;揭露,揭发常见短语有：exposeto使暴露于,使受(危险,风险) .Its very foolish of the commander to expose his men to unnecessary risks.这个指挥官让士兵们冒不必要的危险真是太愚蠢了。 提醒：expose 的名词形式为exposure.Exposure of the body to strong sunlight can be harmful.身体受烈日暴晒会造成伤害。自测：1) Hold your horses and take care not _ your identity2) The reporter was killed because he tried to _ a plot.3) You shouldnt _ the soldiers to unnecessary risks.4) The _ of the plot against the President probably saved his life.Key: 1) to expose 2) expose 3) expose 4) exposure 5. altogether adv. (用以强调)完全,全部;(表示总数或数额)总共;总之,总而言之Hes not altogether sure what to do. 完全他不太明白该做什么。There were altogether 20 people at the dinner. 总共总其有20人参加了这次宴会。辨异：altogether, all togetherall together表示“一起，共同”自测：1）Lets sing Happy Birthday_ now.2）Im not _ convinced by this argument.3）Smoking should be banned _.4）_ our achievements are very great.Key: 1) all together 2) altogether 3) altogether 4）Altogether 6. windn. 风; 呼吸。She goes like the wind on her new bicycle.她飞快地骑著新自行车。He couldnt get his wind.他喘不过气来。常见用法有：强风 high/strong/heavy windwe couldnt play tennis because of the strong wind.风太大，我不打不了网球。.v. v. 上发条,缠绕,蜿蜒常见用法：wind down (钟表)慢下来,停住; (人)松弛下来wind up 给上发条, 结束,使某人高度兴奋1.Have you wound up your watch? 上发条2.The path wound down to the beach. 这条小路弯弯曲曲通向海滩.3.Can I wind my window down? 可以把窗户摇下来吗？ 提醒：wind 作为动词时的过去式与过去分词：wound, wound自测：1) Be careful so that your hat isnt blown away by the wind.2) Before I wind up, there are two more things to be said.3) They drove along with all the car windows _.A. wound up B. winding on C. winded up D. wind upKey: 1) wind 2) wind 3)A 7. delightn. 快乐,高兴;常用短语有：with delight 高兴地, 乐意地I have read your letter with delight.我高兴地读了你的信.to ones delight 令某人高兴的是To his great delight, his novel was accepted by the public.令他高兴的是, 他的小说得到了公众的认可.be in high/great delight 非常高兴When the climbers reached the top of the mountain, they gazed around (them) in delight at the unexpected beauty of the view.登山者到达山顶时，惊喜地环顾着周围意想不到的胜景。vt. 使欣喜The news delighted the whole nation.这个消息使全国一片沸腾.拓展： delighted adj. 高兴的,快乐的常用短语: be delighted at 因. 而高兴be delighted to do 因做. 而高兴自测：1) Its _ to work with her.A. delighted B delight C. a delight D. pleasure2) They are only too _ to accept the invitation.3) She was in a transport of _ at the good news.Key: 1) C 2) delighted 3) delight 8. anyhowad. 不管怎样; 不论用何种方法Anyhow I must tell the truth.无论如何，我必须说出真相。He couldnt convince her anyhow.他怎么想办法也不能使她信服。ad.随随便便地; 杂乱无章地The books were lying on the shelves just/all anyhow.书都乱放在书架上.辨析：somehow,somehow ad. 以某种方式; 不知怎么搞地We must stop him from seeing her somehow. somehow:我们得想个办法不能让他再 跟她来往.Somehow, I dont feel I can trust him.不知什麽缘故, 我觉得不能信任他.自测：1）Clothes stuffed _ into the suitcase.2) I wish I could repay you _ for your kindness.3) I will manage the business _.4) I was in such a hurry that I put my clothes on _.5) You wont be late _.6) (湖北卷)30. Im certain Davids told you his business troubles. _, its nosecret that he owes a lot of money to the bank. 2020 湖北卷A. However B. Anyway C. Therefore D. ThoughKey: 1) anyhow 2) somehow 3) somehow 4) anyhow 5) anyhow 6）B9 variety n. U多种多样,各种不同的;C种类常用短语有：a variety of 多种多样的His lecture ranged over a variety of topics.他的讲座涉及到各种各样的题目。He has a variety of interests.他有多种爱好。拓展：vary, various, varietyvary vt. “改变,使多样化”； vi. 变化,不同；various a. 不同的,各种的,多方面的,许多的,个别的,杂色的近义词：diverse adj. (强调“多样的”)Work well with a multi-cultural and diverse work force.能够在不同文化和工作人员的背景下出色地工作。自测：1) The politicians disputed with each other on _ issues.2) Human IQs _ from under 50 to over 200.3) Old people dont like to _ their habits.4) We have quite a _ of pictorial story books.5) They are the people from _ cultures.Key: 1) various/diverse 2) vary 3) vary 4) variety 5) diverse/ various二、句型：1. It took more than two decades, though, until 1951, for colour broadcasts to begin in the USA.A. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 此句型表示“某人做某事需花费多少时间”。句中take表示“花费”。 如：1)_ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for theecosystem (生态系统) to recover.A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once答案D。一旦环境被破坏，生态系统需要经历多年才能恢复正常。B句中 though是副词，表示“然而”，通常用于句末。如：1）-you do not seem to be quite yourself today. What is wrong?-Oh, I am suffering from a cold. Nothing serious,_A. though B. indeed C. anyhow D. yet答案A。这个题目考察的是though的用法，意思是“我感染了感冒，但是不严重”。though作副词，表转折，相当于however,一般放在句末。也就是说，这里的though是副词，副词一般用于句末,而做连词的时候，一般不用于句末。yet在表示虽然，但是的时候，是连词，而不是副词 。2. It is reported that in 1998,66 per cent of households in the USA had cable TV.It is reported that为固定句型，表示“据报道,”，其中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句。此种句型常可转换为“As is reported,”。或“ sb. is reported to”如：As is reported , in 1998, 66 per cent of households in the USA had cable TV. 或 66 per cent of households in the USA are reported to have had cable TV in 1998.类似的句型还有以下一些：It is reported that It is said that It is thought that It is considered that如：1）Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) _ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. 2020 重庆卷A. is said to be buying B. is said to have boughtC. . had said to buy D. has said to have bought答案B。据说达芬奇（1452-1519）常买些关在笼中的鸟儿并将其放生以求其乐。2）AIDS is said _ the biggest health challenge to both men andwomen in that area over the past few years.2020 湖北卷A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been答案D。 据说，过去几年中 AIDS 一直是那个地区人们健康的最大威胁。3) 改错：As is reported that the storm is on the way.答案：It is reported that the storm is on the way. 或 As is reported, the storm in on the way.报道说，暴风雪即将到来/正在途中。3However, as one scientist has pointed out, DNA has the same qualities in all animals, and if the relation affects the genes in mice, it could also affect human beings.句中as one scientist has pointed out 是由as 引导的非限制性定语从句，意为“正如一位科学家所指出的。”as 引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首或句末。此外，作为连词，as 还可引导时间，原因，让状语从句。如：1）他年纪越来越大，除了喜欢园艺外，对一切都失去了兴趣。_ _ _ _he lost interest in everything except gardening.2）正如我们所知，闪光的东西不一定都是金子。_ _ _, all that glitters is not gold.3）因为下雨，他们乘车去了那儿。_ _ _ _, they went there by bus.4) _, I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John.2001 上海卷A. As long as I have traveledB. Now that I have traveled to muchC. Much as I have traveledD. As I have traveled to much答案：1）As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.2）As we know, all that glitters is not gold.3）As it was raining, they went there by bus.4）C尽管我旅游过很多地方，我从没见过有谁能像约翰一样有能力。三、语法：（一）要点归纳：1、介词的分类（1）介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如at、in、for等；合成介词，如within、inside、onto、throughout等；短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。双重介词，如from behind / above / under、until after等。分词介词，如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。（2）介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如： This machine is in good condition.(表语) Where is the key to my bike?(定语) Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语) She always thinks herself above others.（宾补）2、介词搭配（1）动词+介词rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow(夺去、除去意义的动词与of 连用) supply us with food / fill the glass with wine(供给意义的动词与with连用） make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat（制作、制造意义与of、from、into连用） 介词 + the + 部位与动词的关系（=动词 + sb.s + 部位，可换用） strike him on the head(击，拍，碰，摸意义与on连用) catch him by the arm(抓，拉，拿，扯意义与by连用) hit the boy in the face（肚，胸，眼，脸等人体前部与in连用）prevent(stop, keep)sb. from doing sth.(阻止，禁止意义与from连用) persuade(advise, warn)sb. into doing sth.（说服，建议意义与into连用）（2）形容词 + 介词anxiousfor sth.渴望. anxious about sth. / sb担心.different from与.不同different to . 不关心.tiredof讨厌tiredfrom/ with因.疲倦strict with sb. in sth.要求严格goodat擅长good for对.有益 be familiar with熟悉be familiar to为.熟知（悉） worthy of值得的，glad about sth. for sb.为某人某事高兴，far from离.远，grateful for sth. to sb.为某事感激某人，free from没有.（免除.），proud of(take pride in)自豪，satisfied with (by)满意，sure of / about确信，fond of喜欢，fit for适合，busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙着干某事，full of充满，ready for准备，similar to相似，wrong with不对；有毛病.（3）名词 + 介词the absence of water缺水the hope of success成功的希望have a chance of (for) entering college上大学的机会take pride in them为他们感到骄傲the key to the question问题的答案a medicine for cough治咳嗽的药the ticket for tomorrow明天的票3、十组核心介词用法归纳（1）表示时间的介词in的用法如下。表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in，如：in the 1990s, in the year, in January, in(the) winter / summer / fall / spring, in the first week of May。 还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如：in a while, in no time, in the daytime, in a short while, in time, in the morning (afternoon, evening)。但要注意： at night / at noon, in the day(在白天),in the night（大夜间）。 in five days（weeks, months, years）中in意思是在.以后。 in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。如：in the night, during the night, in the war, during the war。但略有区别：当接表示活动的抽象名词时多用during，接活动的动名词及短语时用in。如： during the discussion in discussing the problem during her stay in Hubei in playing basketball during the course of in digging the tunnel（2）在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。on Sunday(s).on Tuesday morningon Christmas Day(但at Christmas),on Christmas Eve, onChildrens Dayon March 8, on the morning (afternoon, evening)of Oct.1（3）表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。at breakfast(supper, lunch),at sixat noon (sunrise, sunset, midday, night, midnight, dawn)at the age of 15, at the time of war,但in time of danger/ trouble。注意：有些时间名词前不接介词。如：next day、last Sunday、that morning、these yearsone、each、any、every、some、all修饰时,一般不用介词,如some dayone day、yesterday / afternoon, the night before（4）in、after、laterin + 一段时间：表示说话时为起点一段时间之后，与一般将来时连用；但表示在.之内时，用于各种时态。一段时间 + later(later是副词)：表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。after + 一段时间表示：在.之后，用于一般过去时；但时间为点时间时，只能用after,即after + 点时间，用于各种时态。The doctor will be with us in six minutes.She graduated in 1981,and eight years later she became the manager of the factory.He received her letter after four weeks.另外，in + 一段时间 + s + time 与 within + 一段时间的用法如下：in a weeks time = in a weekThey will arrive in three days time.(与将来时连用)My brothers birthday is in two weeks time.（作表语）Ill finish the book within two weeks.(within = in less than.用于各种时态，不超出，在.之内)（5）地点介词at、on、in、to、across、through、over、under、below。at 在较小的场所，in在较大的场所，on在.的平面上。如at thedoor、at the airport、at the station、at 55 Park Street、in China、in the north、in Asia、on the desk、on the wall等。on、at、in还可以表示两地相对位置。若A地属于B地，用in; A地位于B地的外面且有边缘衔接用on；无边缘的衔接有to。如： Japan lies to the east of China.(范围之外) Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.（范围之外） Hunan province lies on the west of Hubei province.(毗邻) The island lies off the coast of China.(相隔一定距离)across在物体表面穿过；through则表示在三维空间内部穿过。如： They walked across the playground. I walked through the forest.over / under / above / below。 over、above译作在.之上；under、below译作在.的下面，其区别在于over、under表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系；而above、below则表示一般的高于或低于，不一定是垂直在上或在下。如：