2020高考英语备考易错点睛系列 专题04 非谓语动词（教师版）

2020;2020高考英语备考易错点睛系列专题04 非谓语动词（教师版）考前必读历年的高考都把非谓语动词作为重中之重或者说重头戏。且不说其它类型的题中对非谓语动词的考查，单说每年的高考英语的单选题(15个)中就有一、二个是对非谓语动词的测试。不定式和现在分词形式多样，结构复杂，内涵丰富,功能较多, 最能体现英易错点睛易错点1 忽视with复合结构中宾语补足语的形式【易错题】Now that weve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ?A. taking B. take C. taken D .to take【答案】C【错因透视】with的复合结构是指“with+宾语(名词或代词)+非谓语动词(分词、不定式)、介词短语、形容词或副词等”所构成的一种独立结构。该结构内部若有动词，则其非谓语形式的选用要注意三点：若内部动词表示将来(无论主动还是被动)，则用不定式；若内部动词表示被动且属过去，则用过去分词；若内部动词表示持续的主动动作，则用现在分词。如：With the good teacher teaching us English，we had no trouble passing the test(宾语补足语用现在分词表示主动)有这位好老师教我们英语，我们通过考试没有困难。With all the work done，we went to play basketball我们的工作都做完了，我们就去打篮球了。(宾语补足语用过去分词表示被动)With a lot of work to do，she doesnt have time to go to thecinema有那么多工作要做，她没有时间去看电影。(宾语补足语用动词不定式表示将来的动作)She left the office with tears in her eyes她眼含泪花离开了办公室。(介词短语作宾补)【答案】B【错因透视】过去分词短语作状语，与句子的主语是动宾关系，而且表示已经完成的动作。作状语的过去分词短语改写为状语从句的时候，往往是改为被动语态形式。如：Seen from the hill(=When it is seen from the hill)，the city looks magnificentDepressed(=Since he was depressed)。he went to see hiselder sister。They came in，followed by some children=They came in and were followed by some children【易错题2】_the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. to complete (2)作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。不定式作结果状语的常用结构：never to do表示“再也没有”。如：In 1935，he left home never to return1935年，他离开家再也没有回来。【易错题3】The play _ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.A. produced B. being producedC. to be produced D. having been produced【解析】考生容易误选A项，忽视了表示将来的时间状语next month。这里用动词不定式的被动形式表示将来被做。【答案】C【易错题4】They use computers to keep the traffic smoothly.A. being run B. run C. to run D. running【解析】考生容易误选C项，忽视了这儿是keep sthdoing的固定句式，也就是现在分词作动词keep的宾语补足语。traffic与run之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词。【答案】D【错因透视】现在分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语与补足语的关系是主动的；过去分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语与补足语之间的关系是被动的。总的说来，能跟过去分词或现在分词作宾语补足语的动词大致可分为三类：(1)make，get，have，keep等使役动词，此类动词使用最广泛。如：The thief kept his money hidden inhis shoes那个小偷把钱藏在鞋里。 (3)like，want，wish，order等表示希望、要求、命令等意义的词。如：The manager doesnt like suchquestions discussed at the meeting经理不喜欢在会上讨论这样的问题。另外，动词不定式做宾语补足语表示将来要做的事情。能跟动词不定式作补足语的动词主要有以下几类：(1)下列动词常用“动词+宾语+不定式”的结构：advise劝告，allow允许，ask要求，邀请，beg请求，cause引起，command命令，encourage鼓励，entitle使有资格，forbid禁止，force强迫，get请，得到，help帮助，invite吸引，邀请，lead引起，mean意欲，打算，need需要，order命令，permit允许，persuade劝导，prefer喜欢，宁愿，recommend劝告，推荐，remind提醒，request请求，require要求，teach教，tell告诉，want想要，warn告诫，wish希望。如：Father will not allow us to play on the street父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。易错点5非谓语动词作宾语的误用【易错题l】Bill suggested a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.A. having heldB. to holdC. holdingD. hold【解析】考生容易误选B项，忽视了suggest后面只能接动名词而不能接动词不定式作宾语的用法。【答案】Cto workbusiness开始干正事；contribute to贡献；react to对反应；in addition to除外；on theones way to在去的路上；be contrary to与相反；objection to反对；be opposed to反对；in contrast to与成对比；as to关于；be accustomed to习惯于【易错题2】- Robert is indeed a wise man.- Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice!A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking【解析】考生容易误选C项，忽视了regret接动名词或动词不定式作宾语的不同含义。答句的意思是：好多次我都后悔没听他的劝告。regret后接动名词作宾语表示后悔做了某事，接不定式作宾语袁示“(为将要做的事或说的话)抱歉，遗憾”。【答案】D悔跟她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)I regret to have to do this，but Ihave no choice我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没办法。(未做但要做)(5)try to do sth努力企图做某事；try doing sth试验试一试某种办法。如：You must try to bemore careful你可要多加小心。Lets try doing the work some other way让我们试一试用其他办法来做这项工作。(6)mean to do sth打算有意要做某事；mean doing sth意味着做某事。如：I didnt mean to hurtyour feelings我不是有意要伤害你的感情。This illness will mean(your)going to hospital得了这种病(你)就要去医院。易错点6不善于分析句子结构。对非谓语动词的一些特殊句式把握不准确【易错题l】You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm.A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking【答案】D【错因透视】分析句子的结构非常重要，记住have difficulty(in)doing：have作“有”解时，后接情感名词(in可省略)，再接动名词。这类词还有difficulty，trouble，problem，fun，a hard time，a good time等。表示做某事有没有困难的结构：have somegreatnolittledimcultytrouble with sth在做某事方面有些很大没有困难He has much dIfficultytrouble(in)pronouncing some English words他读某些英语单词时困难很大。He has much difficultytrouble with his English pronunciation他在英语发音方面有很大困难。Do you know what trouble we had finding you?你知道我们克服了多大的困难才找到你吗?跟踪练习1.（2020;2020年西安市高三年级第一次质量检测试题英语）Raymond entered college at the age of eighteen, _ four years later at the head of his class.AgraduatingBgraduatedCto graduateDhaving graduated【答案】A【答案】A【解析】 考查非谓语动词。解题方法为还原法，即将从句中省略的与主句相同的主语及系动词补上，补全后为 “When she was asked about.”, ask 与 she 之间是动宾关系，故选A2.（2020;2020年长春市高中毕业班第一次调研测试英语）The 12th Chinese National Winter Games _ in Changchun soon will be a success.Abeing heldBholdingCheldDto be held3.（北京市东城区2020;2020届高三第一学期期末教学统一检测英语）Liu Xiang attended an important meeting _ in the Great Hall of the People last month.AheldBto have heldCto be heldDholding【答案】A【解析】 考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：上周一我给新生举行了一次测试来评估一下他们的英语水平。此处用动词不定式作后置定语，表示目的。4.（北京市西城区2020;2020届高三上学期期末考试英语）In 2020;2020, Forbes listed Mickey Mouse as the worlds most valuable cartoon character, _ $ 5.8 billion a year in sales worldwide.AmadeBto makeCmakesDmaking【答案】D【解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作 Mickey Mouse 的后置定语，可排除C项；因 Mickey Mouse 与 make 构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故 make 应用其-ing 形式。5.（北京市西城区2020;2020届高三上学期期末考试英语）What will todays talk be about?In the lecture _, the professor will tell us something about modern English usage.AfollowingBfollowedCto followDto be followed6.（北京市重点高中2020;2020届高三尖子生综合素质展示英语）In Bangkok severe flooding, many major roads _ north, towards the areas worst affected by the flooding, were largely impassable.来源:Ato leadBleadingCledDto be led【答案】B【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在曼谷的大洪水中，许多通往北方、朝向受洪水影响最严重地区的道路，大部分都无法通行。此处是-ing 分词短语作后置定语，修饰 roads。roads 与 lead 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。7.（南京市2020;2020届高三年级第一次模拟考试英语）In the job interviews, job applicants often find themselves _ unexp