山西省太原双语中学2020届高考英语 专题精选阅读理解强化训练集（三十六）

山西省太原双语中学2020届高考英语专题精选阅读理解强化训练集（三十六）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。ACoupons to spend“How did you spend your coupons?”On their first day back to school, many students in Hangzhou greeted each other this way.The coupons referred to the 100 yuan coupons each student received form the city government before the Spring Festival holidays. Over 260,000 primary school and middle school students were given coupons. They could use them in local stores and supermarkets, or to see movies and buy books.The same coupons have also been given to low income families in Hangzhou. Other cities, including Chengdu and Nanjing, also gave coupons to their citizens. More cities are expected to follow their lead.Why are local governments doing this?These programmes are all part of a broader effort in China to increase domestic demand in the face of the global financial crisis.The crisis has seriously affected Chinas exports and investments (投资). Many factories in southern cities have been closed down. Some companies are laying off workers or reducing their pay. The stock market and real estate market have been falling.In a time of financial crisis, people usually respond by saving money. They are uncertain about the future and are afraid that more difficult times may be ahead. Now many people are choosing not to spend money carelessly. Major chain stores have seen a sharp slowdown in sales, analysts say.But spending keeps an economy healthy. If people dont spend, there will be too many products in the market. Then shops will stop buying products from factories. When factories receive no orders, they close down. The workers there accordingly lose their jobs. Also, if people dont spend, the service industry suffers. The total result is that the whole economy breaks down.Issuing coupons is a practical and effective way to increase domestic demand in the current situation, said Jiang Zengwei, vice-minister of Chinas Ministry of Commerce. Hangzhou reported a rise in customers in local markets during Spring Festival holiday.However, issuing coupons is only a temporary measure. To increase consumers confidence, the government needs to establish a sound secure social system in the long term. When people dont have to worry about education, health care and their pension, they will be more willing to spend instead of saving.1.Why are local governments issuing coupons?A. To increase domestic demand in the face of the global financial crisis.B. To enable students to use them in local stores and supermarkets, or to see movies and buy books independently.C. To help those low income families in the global financial crisis.D. To show the governments ability to solve economic problems2.What is NOT the influence that the global financial crisis has brought us?A. Chinas exports and investments have been seriously affected.B. People begin to spend money without a second thought.C. Workers are faced with losing jobs and the reduction of the salaries.D. The active stock market and real estate market have gone.3.What can be inferred from the passage?A. Issuing coupons is a practical and effective way to increase domestic demand in a long term.B. The total result of saving money is that the whole economy breaks down.C. The government may carry out new policies to encourage citizens to be willing to spend in the near future.D. After issuing the coupons, the local markets have seen a rise in customers during Spring Festival holiday.4.If the government is to print a slogan on the coupons to restore consumers confidence, what might be used to promote the idea?A.Spend now, save later.BWhen you are at odds with someone close to you, the One-Minute Drill can show you how to express your feelings effectively and how to listen more skillfully. All it requires is two individuals who are committed to improving their relationship.Set aside at least ten minutes, and then sit facing each other. Decide who will be the Talker and who will be the Listener. It makes no difference, because later you will change roles.How to perform the One-Minute DrillFor approximately 30 seconds, the Talker can say anything he or she wants. Your job will be to express your thoughts and feelings. You can discuss problems youve had a hard time talking about. Remember to limit yourself to about 30 seconds. When the Talker finishes, the Listener will summarize what the Talker just said, as well as how the Talker was feeling inside, as accurately as possible.The Talker now gives the Listener a grade between 0 and 100 per cent to indicate how accurate the summary was. If the rating is 95 per cent or more, you can change roles; the new Talker can continue with the same topic or move on to something entirely new.However, if the grade is below 95 per cent, the Talker should point out what the Listener missed or got wrong, and repeat the process until the overall rating is 95 per cent or more. Then you can change roles and repeat the exercise for as long as you both like.How it worksThirty seconds of emotionally charged information is sufficiently challenging for anyone. Express your feelings in strong, clear, direct language, but as your partner will be listening attentively, you wont need to shout, exaggerate or put your partner down.The Listener should sit and listen respectfully without interrupting. Look into your partners eyes, but avoid using negative body language. If you like, take a few notes.So the Talker might say: When I come home from work, I feel tired and I need some quiet time. But you tell me Im supposed to spend time with the kids. This makes me feel frustrated. I work hard and Im exhausted at the end of the day. I feel like I deserve a little time to relax, not listen to more demands.In response, the Listener might summarize like this: You just told me that you feel exhausted when you come home at night because youve been working hard all day. When I tell you I want you to spend time with the kids, you feel frustrated and ticked off because youre tired and you need time to relax. You see me as very demanding, and youre probably feeling like I dont appreciate you.The first time you attempt the One-Minute Drill, you may get a low score. Dont worry, because youll get up to speed quickly. Once youve tried this exercise a few times, youll find that you can nearly always get ratings of 95 per cent or better on the first or second try.5. Who is the One-Minute Drill intended for?A. Those who are to act some roles in a certain play for the first time in their life.B. Those who are preparing for the interview in order to make a good first impression.C. Those who have difficulty communicating with their colleagues or family members.D. Those who have troubled relationships with their friends or family members and try to improve them.6. Which of the following is NOT true?A. In the One-Minute Drill, the Talker and the Listener change roles in the process.B. The Talker should talk about his / her thoughts and feelings in a brief way.C. The Listener should listen carefully, respectfully and later summarize accurately.D. After the Talker finishes talking, the Listener is to give him / her a grade.7. From the example given in “How it works,” we can guess that the talk might be between _.A. husband and wife B. father and son C. mother and daughter D. sister and brother8. What does the underlined part “ticked off” probably mean in this reading?A. fast asleep B. very angryC. burst into tears D. marked with a symbolCThe “Bystander Apathy Effect” was first studied by researchers in New York after neighbours ignoredand in some cases turned up the volume on their TVsthe cries of a woman as she was murdered (over a half-hour period). With regard to helping those in difficulty generally, they found that:(1) women are helped more than men;(2) men help more than women;(3) attractive women are helped more than unattractive women.Other factors relate to the number of people in the area, whether the person is thought to be in trouble through their own fault, and whether a person sees himself as being able to help.According to Adrian Furnham, Professor of University College, London, there are three reasons why we tend to stand by doing nothing:(1) “Shifting of responsibility”the more people there are, the less likely help is to be given. Each person excuses himself by thinking someone else will help, so that the more “other people there are, the greater the total shifting of responsibility.(2) “Fear of making a mistakesituations are often not clear. People think that those involved in an accident may know each other or it may be a joke, so a fear of embarrassment makes them keep themselves to themselves.(3) “Fear of the consequences if attention is turned on you, and the person is violent.”Laurie Taylor, Professor of Sociology at London University, says: “In the experiments Ive seen on intervention (介入), much depends on the neighborhood or setting. There is a silence on public transport which is hard to break. We are embarrassed to draw attention to something that is happening, while in a football match, people get involved, and a fight would easily follow. ”Psychotherapist Alan Dupuy identifies the importance of the individual: “The British as a whole have some difficulty intervening, but there are exceptional individuals in every group who are prepared to intervene, regardless of their own safety: These would be people with a strong moral code or religious ideals.”9. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Pretty women are more likely to be helped.B. People on a bus are more likely to stop a crime.C. Religious people are more likely to look on.D. Criminals are more likely to harm women.10. Which factor is NOT related with intervention according to the passage?A. Sex. B. Nationality. C. Profession. D. Setting.11. Which phenomenon can be described as the “Bystander Apathy Effect”?A. When one is in trouble, people think its his own fault.B. In a football match, people get involved in a fight.C. Seeing a murder, people feel sorry that it should have happened.D. On hearing a cry for help, people keep themselves to themselves.12. The author wrote this article _.A. to explain why bystanders behave as they doB. to urge people to stand out when in needC. to criticize the selfishness of bystandersD. to analyze the weakness of human natureDThe idea of “law” exists in every culture. All societies have some kind of law to keep order and to control the interactions of people with those around them. The laws of any culture tell people three things: what they can do (their right), what they must do (their duties), and what they may not do. In addition, there are usually specific types of punishment for those who break the law.Although all societies have laws, not all have the same idea of justicewhich is “right” and “wrong” and how “wrong” should be punished. In most Western cultures, it is thought that punishing criminals will prevent them from committing other crimes. Also, it is hoped that the fear of punishment will act as a deterrent(威慑) that prevents other people from committing similar crimes; in other words, people who are considering a life of crime will decide against it because of fear of punishment. In most non-Western cultures, by contrast, punishment is not seen as a deterrent. Instead, great importance is placed on restoring balance in the situation. A thief, for example, may be ordered to return the things he has stolen instead of, as in Western societies, spending time in prison.Another difference in the concept of justice lies in various societies ideas of what laws are. In the West, people consider “laws” quite different from “customs”. There is also a great contrast between “sins” (breaking religious laws) and “crimes” (breaking laws of the government). In many non-Western cultures, on the other hand, there is little separation of customs, laws, and religious beliefs; in other cultures, these three may be quite separate from one another, but still very much different from those in the West. For these reasons, an action may be considered a crime in one country, but be socially acceptable in others. For instance, although a thief is viewed as a criminal in much of the world, in a small village where there is considerable communal（公共的） living and sharing of objects, the word thief may have little meaning. Someone who has taken something without asking is simply considered an impolite person.Most countries have two kinds of law: criminal and civil. People who have been accused of acts such as murder or theft are heard in the criminal justice system, while civil justice deals with people who are believed to have violated others rights. The use of the civil system reflects the values of the society in which it exists. In the United States where personal, individual justice is considered very important, civil law has become “big business.” There are over 600,000 lawyers in the United States, and many of them keep busy with civil lawsuits; that is, they work for people who want to sue others. If a man falls over a torn rug in a hotel and breaks his arm, for instance, he might decide to sue the hotel owners so that they will pay his medical costs. In a country like Japan, by contrast, there is very little use of the civil justice system. Lawsuits are not very popular in Japan, where social harmony is even more important than individual rights, and where people would rather reach agreement outside court.13. The main point of paragraph 1 is that_.A. all societies, Western or non-Western, have some kind of law to keep order.B. most countries in the world have two kinds of law “criminal and civil ”C. there are usually specific types of punishment for those who break the law.D. the laws of any culture dictate peoples rights, duties and what they are not supposed to do14. Which is TRUE in most Western cultures?A. Punishment has double functions.B. A thief may be referred to as an impolite person.C. Punishment is not regarded as a deterrent.D. There is lots of communal living and sharing of objects.15. Which statement is NOT true according to the article?A. In the West, people think laws and customs are rather different.B. In the West, there is little difference between “sins” and “crimes”.C. An action that is considered a crime in one country may be socially acceptable in another.D.There is far less use of the civil justice system in Japan than in the United States.16. Which of the following cases are not heard in the criminal justice system?A. Robbing a pedestrian. B. Kidnapping people for ransom.C. Breaking into a bank.D. Failing to pay back the money.EFrom the health point of view we are living in an amazing age. We are free from many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once deadly illnesses can now be cured by modern medicine. It is almost certain that one day medicines will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased greatly. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the unbelievable killing of men, women and children on the roads. Man VS the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel (方向盘) , his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a mans very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They say, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-olds and completely selfish. All their hidden angers and disappointments seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that society smiles so gently on the motorist and seems to forgive his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is ruined by road networks; and the deaths become nothing more than a number every year, to be easily forgotten.It is high time a world rule was created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are unbelievably lax (不严格) and even the strictest are not strict enough. A rule which was universally accepted could only have an obviously beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some of the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized an