江苏省淮安中学II部2020高三英语第二轮专题复习--完形填空1

淮安中学II部高三英语第二轮专题复习完形填空第一课时 完形填空导与练一、考纲要求考纲把完形填空归于英语知识运用题，对它的具体要求为：在一篇250-300词（或200-250词）的短文中留出20个空，要求考生从每小题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。考纲仍然遵循突出语篇、强调运用、注重交际的原则，强调对学生综合运用能力的考查以及语言知识的积累和复习。二、题型分析1、完形填空题在高考题中分值为20分，占了六分之一的分数。20个选项的80个词或词组应是不重复的。2、它以考查实词为主，动词部分（包括非谓语动词）约占40%；名词约占15%；形容词、副词约占30%；其它约占15%。在文章的选材上贴近考生的认知能力。考生看懂文章应不是问题。3、得分率不高的原因：思维逻辑的不正确以及相近词或词组的辨析能力差；不能够融会贯通地从上下文分析；不能够将平时所学词或词组的确切含义再现出来。4、完形填空题是考查考生对所学知识的综合运用，是知识网络再现的过程。如果平时没有将所学知识有机的联系在一起，也就不会有再现的过程。三、解题思路要想作者之所想 顺理成章。要瞻前还要顾后 顾全大局。要做到以下四步：第一步：重视首句，把握开篇。 第二步：速读全文，掌握大意。第三步：瞻前顾后，灵活答题。 第四步：复核全文，调整答案。四、训练方法1、要特别注意词组、习语和句型的积累、同义词的辨析以及生活常识的运用。2、多阅读，多分析文章，培养语感。3、精选练习，常常做，不断总结。(注意选篇原则）4、先不看选项，完全按逻辑去推理判断。五、考查内容完形填空为综合性考查题型，是考生双基知识和综合运用能力的体现，基本要点如下：1.词语辨析类：考查形近词辨析；考查同义词和近义词辨析；考查常用词辨析；2.背景常识类：完形填空是独立的语篇，往往渗透着浓厚的风土人情、历史地理、科学等知识；3.惯用固定搭配：以动词、名词和形容词为中心所构成的短语，通常为考查的重点。六、能力要求完形填空题是学生丢分非常严重的题型，学生在突破完形填空时一要注意解题方法，另外要把握考纲的要求：即基础+能力，在平时的复习备考中要抓住这两点。通过对近几年来高考完形填空的分析可知，这个题型主要考查考生如下几方面的能力：1熟练运用英语语法短语和惯用法。考生的语法知识越丰富，阅读速度就越快，对文章的理解就会越深刻、全面。近些年来，情境意义的考查代替了明显的语法知识的考查，但是仍然会间接地考查语法，这就需要考生平时要不断锤炼自身的辨析能力。2丰富的词汇知识和扎实的辨析能力。要有一定的词汇量，一个单词可能有几个词义，对常用的词义都应掌握，要掌握其不同的词性，否则，只知词义不知词性仍然无法进行正确的把握。要掌握常用的词语搭配和词语辨析。3掌握阅读技巧，提高语篇理解能力。虽然所给的文章被抽去了20个词，但是整篇文章的内容仍是可以理解的。如果考生不能理解文章内容，就难以将正确的词填人文中。这也就是完形填空题与以单句形式考核词汇和语法的试题的根本区别。由此可见，考生在做题时必须时刻从上下文考虑，不应该只看到所填的词在句子内是否可行。4学会正确的逻辑推断方法，锐化自己的思维。逻辑思维能力有助于对文章深层次含义的理解和把握，从而选择早佳答案，完成“完形”。总之，可以看出完形填空作为一种综合性语言测试题，它检查的是考生对英语的综合运用能力，包括考生在词汇、句型、语法等方面的语言知识综合运用能力以及阅读理解、英语思维、英语文化背景知识和逻辑推理能力。它是一种考查学生语言能力，特别是语篇层次上交际能力的较难题型。它覆盖的面非常广，是考查考生英语综合水平的重要手段。七、高考剖析江苏近六年和2020年全国20份高考英语试卷，在完形填空试题的命制上基本上遵循了“突出语篇，强调应用，注重实际”的设计思路。试题特点鲜明“考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况”，即要求考生通读短文，掌握文章大意，综合运用所学的词汇、语法等知识，从试题所提供的词汇、短语中判断出使短文意思通顺、结构完整的词汇或短语。因此，完形填空题项需要考生不仅具备扎实的语言基础知识功底，而且要有很强的语篇分析和理解能力。这些选材特点：完形的选材通常是叙事文或夹叙夹议的报道体裁，内容情节深刻，常涉及人物心理活动方面的细致描写，篇章与句子结构变化丰富。文章内容健康、时尚，将知识、文化、教育、趣味融为一体。下面让我们来回顾一下江苏高考这6年所考的那些精彩文章：04年完形填空所选题材富有哲理，我们都有对常见到的人或事物熟视无睹的毛病，直到有一天这个人或事物突然不见了，我们才发现我们失去了什么，从而呼吁人们多关注周围的人或事物。05年与04年相比内容更容易理解。这篇短文讲述了这样一个故事: Chris跌伤以后,他的家境发生了意想不到的变化，灾难无情人有情，Chris一家收到很多鼓励他们生活的信件和卡片，他们从中得到启迪而从容面对挑战。06年的完形填空仍然是记叙文，写的是作者小时候有一次无意中看到作文竞赛的题目，但是一直不敢承认自己的错误，并在以后几十年的生活中都无法释怀。由此发出感慨：Little mistakes can trap you in a more serious moral corner.（小错误如果不及时改正会使人陷入一种道德困境）。文章的话题是很平常又严峻的。07年完形填空是一篇夹叙夹议的短文。较往年，难度有所降低，但个别选项有一定迷惑性。短文介绍一个铺路公司如何在较短时间内克服各种困难建成一个停车场，告诉考生要有勇气接受人生挑战，具有较强的教育意义。08年的完形填空讲述的是苏格兰著名聋女打击乐手Evelyn Glennie成功的故事，她靠自信与执着战胜了残疾，铸就了梦想，体现励志主题。09年的完形填空是一篇议论文，文章阐述了高中学生是否应该参加社会实践的看法。结合考题分析、考纲及新课标可知完形填空主要考查点：强调篇章阅读，考查分析推理能力。从多角度考查词汇辨析。长难句的处理和分析能力。语境把握和逻辑。综合语用能力。连贯思维能力。语法习惯表达。我们应重点关注：多掌握一些固定搭配，包括固定短语和习惯语法等，如：do damage to，take advantage of，kill time，make way等等。词语辨析，表面上是语境中词语的语意选择，其实是考查词汇的运用能力。熟练的语法知识，主要包括从句的引导词、主谓一致、名词或代词的格或数、非谓语动词的用法、平行结构、倒装结构、强调句型、情态动词、虚拟语气、动词时态和语态等。尽管近年来单纯考查语法知识的题很少，但熟练的语法知识不但可以有助于快速理解文章的句子结构和大意，对解题也很有帮助。前后语境，注意培养结合全文结构和中心思想，根据常识和上下文提供的信息进行理解、分析和推理的能力；熟悉前、后制性设空和语篇设空的特点。（所谓后制性设空，是指设空的答案由未读过的下文决定；如果设空的答案由已读过的上文决定，则为前制性设空；需要综合上下文而定的答案，则为语篇性设空。完形填空的设空答案有的由一个句子决定，有的由相邻不远的句子决定，还有的则由语篇内容综合决定。）注意行文逻辑。要加强对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系、对比关系等，以及对转换词语的运用能力的培养。掌握几种实用的解题方法。要学会根据上下文的同义词线索、环境线索、对比线索、因果线索、顺序线索等进行分析判断。八、实战演练Cloze 1In 1982, Steven Callahan was crossing the Atlantic alone in his sailboat when it struck something and sank. He got into a life boat, but his supplies were 36 . His chances of surviving were small. 37 when three fishermen found him 76 days later, he was alive much 38 than he was when he started, but alive.His 39 of how he survived is fascinating. His cleverness how he 40 to catch fish, how he evaporated(蒸发) sea water to 41 fresh water is very interesting.But the thing that 42 my eye was how he managed to keep himself going when all hope seemed lost, and there seemed no 43 in continuing the struggle. He was starved and 44 1 worn-out. Giving up would have seemed the only possible choice.When people 45 these kinds of circumstances, they do something with their minds that gives them the courage to keep going. Many people in 46 desperate circumstances 47 1 in or go mad. Something the survivors do with their thoughts helps them find the courage to carry on 48 difficulties.“I tell myself I can 49 it,” wrote Callahan in his book. “Compared to what others have been through, Im fortunate. I tell myself these things over and over, 50 up courage”I wrote that down after I read it. It 51 me as something important. And Ive told myself the same thing when my own goals seemed 52 off or when my problems seemed too terribe. And every time Ive said it, I have always come back to my 53 .The truth is, our circumstances are only bad 54 to something better. But others have been through the much worse, that is, in comparison with what others have been through, youre fortunate. Tell this to yourself over and over again, and it will help you 55 through the rough situations with a little more courage.36.A. fullB. richC. fewD. enough37.A. AndB. YetC. StillD. Thus38.A. thinnerB. strongerC. worseD. healthier39.A. attitudeB. assumptionC. instructionD. account40.A. assistedB. tendedC. managedD. intended41.A. makeB. absorbC. select D. replace42.A. attackedB. caughtC. frozeD. cheated43.A. operationB. tasteC. messageD. point44.A. firmlyB. completelyC. hardlyD. generally45.A. dealB. defendC. surviveD. observe46.A. similarlyB. differentlyC. graduallyD. commonly47.A. pullB. takeC. breakD. give48.A. for the lack ofB. in the face ofC. in exchange forD. as a result of49.A. handleB. carryC. followD. inspect50.A. rollingB. usingC. buildingD. making51.A. defeatedB. recommendedC. introducedD. struck52.A. farB. longC. everD. even53.A. feelingsB. sensesC. ideasD. influences54.A. relatedB. measuredC. contributedD. compared55.A. seeB. cutC. getD. thinkCloze 223-year-old Ann is a traditional working class woman who is happily married to her husband Don and who has given birth to two lovely daughters Patsy and Penny. Ann 36 her work with her colleague Laurie because they can 37 to each other while cleaning the buildings their work requires them to. One 38 thing about Ann is that she listens to recordings of foreign languages- Spanish, French, even Chinese - 39 driving, even working. In Lauries eye, Ann is not normal, but Ann 40 that nobody is normal; everyone is different in 41 way. Lauries specific problem is not an unusual one: the 42 between a strong appetite for food and an equally strong 43 to keep in shape by dieting. She envies Ann who 44 slim while seeming to eat much as she likes.In fact, this characteristic is 45 . One morning, 46 after Don has taken the kids to school, Ann 47 just as she is herself about to go to work. She is 48 by her divorced mother, who stays alongside her as they rush to 49 and rush through examinations.The doctor discovers that there are tumors (肿瘤)in both her ovaries (卵巢). 50 can be done about the cancer. Ann 51 from the doctor that she has only two or three months to 52.Shaken 53 Ann is by this news, she decides not to tell her mom and husband, and to go on living as if nothing has happened. 54 in a cafe, Ann begins to write down all the things she 55 to do before her death:“1. Tell my daughters several times a day that I love them;2. Find Don a new wife who the girls like;3. Record Birthday Messages for the girls for every year until they are 18;4. Go to Whalebay Beach together and have a big picnic;5. Smoke and drink as much as I want;6. Say just what Im thinking;7. Go and see Dad in jail. .”36. A. shares B. spares C. enjoys D. completes37. A. talk B. work C. affect D. help38. A. ordinary B. strange C. special D. perfect39. A.