湖南省株洲四中高三英语《介词》复习

湖南省株洲四中高三英语介词复习 介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分。介词和它后面的宾语构成介词短语，介词短语可以在句子中充当多种成分。1. 表示时间的介词(1) 表示时间的介词用in, on和at。in用来表示某个世纪、年、月、季节以及早、中、晚等。例如：in 2020, in March, in springin the morning/ afternoon/ eveningon表示具体的某一天或某天的特定一段时间。例如：on the 8th of March, on the afternoon of next Sundayat表示在具体时刻，在午间/夜间，在开头/结尾，在周末等。例如：at 8:00, at noon/ night, at the beginning/ end, at the weekend(2) 表示时间的“之前”用before, “之后”用after或in。例如：We will have to finish the work before rain season.介词in+时间段构成的短语表示在某段时间之后，常与将来时连用。after与表示某段时间的词语连用时，句子的谓语动词常用过去时；与表示某一特定时间的词语连用时，句子的谓语动词用过去时和将来时均可。例如：Please wait here. I will come back in a few minutes.He came back from abroad after two years.We will have a meeting after one oclock in the afternoon.He left after one oclock that afternoon.(3) 表示延续的一段时间用for和since。for后只接表示一段时间的词语。since只接表示特定时间点的词语。例如:I have been here for two hours. 我在这儿两小时了。(一段时间)I have been here since two oclock. 我从两点起就在这儿了。(时间点)(4) by, during, till, until也可表示时间by表示时间点，意为“不迟于，到时候为止”。during可以表示一段持续的时间，也可以表示这段时间中的每一点或一刻。till/ until也可表示一段时间。一般说来，till在肯定句中与延续性动词连用，until则常用在否定句中，与瞬间动词连用。例如：We have to finish the work by noon.He called on me during my absence.He had stayed in Shanghai till last week.Dont go away until I come back.2. 表示地点的介词这类介词有：at, in和on等。(1) at表示狭窄或较小的地方；in表示较大的地方。例如：I met her at a bus stop.She is still living in Beijing.(2) 门牌号前用at; road前用on; 街道前用in或on。例如：She lives at No.10 Wall Street.(3) on“在之上”，表示两者紧贴在一起；in表示“在之中”。例如：There is a picture on the wall.There is a window in the wall.3. 表示方位的介词(1) 表示方位常用in, to和on。in表示在范围之内；to表示在范围之外；on表示与其接壤。例如：China is in the east of Asia.Guangdong province is on the east of Guangxi.Japan is to the east of China.(2) 表示方向常用to, for, toward(s)和along。to常用在表示来往行动的动词之后，表示行动的方向。这类动词有：go, come, walk, run, dash, move, fly, return, lead, take等。for 用在表示“起程、出发、离开”的动词之后，这类动词有：leave, start, set off等。toward(s)仅仅表示方向，意为“朝方向”，不表示到达，常与to互换。例如：It will stop the sand from moving towards the rich farmland in the south.along“沿着”，与动态动词连用，指一条线平行。例如：He walked along the road.4. 表示方式的介词有in, with和by。in意为“以，用”，主要表示材料；with意为“以，用”，主要表示有形的具体使用工具；by意为“通过(方式，手段)，由(某人做的)”。例如：He wrote the composition in English.He wrote the composition with a pen.These wooden shoes were made by hand.考点练习单项选择。1. The accident happened the morning of the last Sunday.A. at B. on C. in D. to2. His grandfather has been ill two years.A. forB. from C. since D. after3. Nowadays a lot of adults go to evening schools further education.A. after B. in C. for D. on4. I am sorry I didnt recognize your voice just now. It sounded quite different the phone.A. from B. in C. to D. on5. He has been working like this 3 hours.A. for B. since C. at D. by6. Someone the gate is asking to see you.A. on B. in C. at D. towards7. Qinghai Province lies the west of China.A. to B. on C. with D. in8. Have you found the key the door?A. by B. to C. for D. in9. Please fill the form ink.A. by B. in C. with D. though10.Come and see me two or three days time.A. at B. for C. after D. duringKey: 1-5 BACDA 6-10 CDBBC1. It was _ the morning of last Saturday that we went to visit the organic farm.A. in B. on C. at D. by2. The young woman attached no significance _ her husbands warning.A. of B. on C. to D. about3. Japan lies _ the east of Asia and is _the east of China.A. in; to B. to; in C. in; on D. on; in4. The room was empty _ a broken table and two chairs.A. besideB. besidesC. exceptD. except for5. The boy found it difficult to tell the difference _ the infinitive, the participle and the gerund.A. of B. for C. among D. between6. How soon will the project be completed?_ about two months, I think.A. For B. In C. After D. To7. Miss Yang is strict _ her students _ everything.A. with; inB. to; withC. for; inD. at; to8. All the visitors were impressed _ our workers efficiency.A. on B. with C. about D. to9. The boy entered the garden by jumping _a fence.A. up B. on C. above D. over10. My cousin takes great delight _ collecting stamps.A. at B. with C. in D. on11. Mr. Wang, our English teacher, takes a very positive attitude _ his work.A. toward B. of C. with D. about12. He said he broke the window by accident but in fact he did it _ purpose.A. in B. by C. on D. with13. The manager is a kindhearted man and he has great sympathy _ the poor.A. of B. to C. in D. for14. It is stupid _ her to trust such a man as often tells lies.A. for B. of C. about D. with15. Everyone in the village speaks highly _ Li Hongs grandmother.A. of B. at C. for D. in16. Bob was wrongly accused _ stealing Johns wallet.A. to B. about C. of D. from17. Arriving in London, the Chinese student tried his best to adapt himself _ the new environment.A. for B. with C. on D. to18. Thanks _ your contribution, we have enough money to build the school.A. for B. to C. with D. from19. With an old man leading the way, the scientists walked _ the thick forest.A. throughB. across C. onD. over20. They held a ceremony _ those who were killed in the earthquake.A. in favor ofB. in case ofC. in honor ofD. by means of21. The woman is always quarreling _ her husband _ money.A. about; withB. with; forC. to; withD. with; about22. The city of Hangzhou is famous _ the beautiful West Lake.A. as B. for C. by D. with23. I came _ an old friend in the park this afternoon and we talked for a long time.A. at B. by C. across D. into24. You ought to have told me about the plan _ advance.A. in B. by C. on D. over25. The scientist said that we human beings mustnt do things th