高考英语 语法填空备考策略 新人教版

语法填空解题策略语法填空题常常在语境中考查考生对语言结构和语言知识的考查，这就要求考生要针对语境做细致的分析，以语境为切入点对测试题进行思考，分析，甄别和抉择。首要技巧是懂得如何分析句子成分，然后按提示词和缺词填空甄别考查的语法点和知识点。一、语法填空高考试题(2020)第二节 语法填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为3140的相应位置上。Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life. 31 these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.It is said that a shorttempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _33 rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 34 day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.One day, he came up with an idea 35 he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day.He was very tired 36 doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 38 (high).His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention.二、设题特点以及考查知识点（一）提示词填空1. 动词的形式1） 谓语动词：如果动词在句中充当谓语，考查时态和语态、主谓一致或虚拟语气(*)。先判断谓语动词和主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，然后根据时间状语和上下文谓语动词的提示进行判断时态（注意：熟记v+“-s”、v+“-ing”、v+“-ed”的规则）。时态和语态表如下：时态主动语态形式被动语态形式一般过去时was/were; did was/were done过去进行时was/were doingwas/were being done过去完成时had donehad been done过去将来时would dowould be done一般现在时is/am/are; do/doesis/am/are done现在进行时is/am/are doingis/am/are being done现在完成时have/has donehave/has been done现在完成进行时have/has been doing-一般将来时will dowill be done2） 非谓语动词：如果动词在句子中不是充当谓语，考查非谓语动词。先判断动词在句中充当什么成分，再选择形式，参考下表：主语宾语表语宾补前置定语后置定语状语不定式（to do）表示具体一次动作（多用于真实主语）熟记可跟不定式的动词说明主语的具体内容，表意向、打算、计划由动词决定表将来发生的动作或表用途表目的、结果、原因动名词（doing）表示习惯性动作(多放在句首)熟记可跟动名词的动词说明主语的具体内容表示被修饰语的功能或作用分词现 在分词(doing表示主语的性质,意为“令人.的”多指物；表正在进行的动作与宾语表主动;正在进行与被修饰语表主动或正在进行与被修饰语表主动与主句主语表主动过 去分词(done)表示主语的性质，意为“感到.的”,多指人；表被动或已完成的动作与宾语表被动或完成的动作与被修饰语表被动或已完成的动作与被修饰语表被动与主句主语表被动主动形式被动形式不定式（to do)to doto be doneto be doing（与谓语动词同时发生)-to have done（发生在谓语动词之前）to have been donedoing（现在分词或动名词）doing （与主句主语表主动关系）being donehaving done（发生在谓语动词之前）having been done过去分词done （与主句主语表被动关系）-2. 词形转换：考查构词法，四大实词（名词、动词、形容词、副词）的形式转化。掌握名词、形容词和副词在句子中充当的成分和位置。名词在句中充当主语，动词或介词的宾语，同位语，表语，宾补，定语形容词在句中充当定语、表语、宾补副词修饰动词、形容词或整个句子等作状语1） 名词：区分不可数名词以及可数名词，注意名词复数加”s”的规则；2） 形容词：原级、比较级、最高级形式以及习惯用法和搭配；3） 副词：考查词形转换和原级、比较级、最高级形式以及习惯用法。（二）缺词填空1. 连词：考查并列句，复合句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句）的引导词。以下是常见引导词：4） 并列连词：（常放在句中连接两个独立句子；放在句首，连接上下文；有中文意思）并列连词并列副词并列或递进关系and, bothand, not onlybut also, then（然后，那时）转折或对比关系but（但是，然而）, while（而，表对比）,however（然而） 因果关系for(因为，表原因)，so(所以，表结果)therefore（所以）, thus, 选择关系or（或者，否则）, otherwise（要不然，否则）, notbut.(不是而是）, neithernor eitheror,2）从属连词（引导状语从句）：（常放在句首或句中，连接两个独立句子，有中文意思）时间状语从句when, while, as, before, after, till/until, notuntil, once, since, hardlywhen, no soonerthan, scarcelywhen, 地点状语从句where,原因状语从句because, since, as,目的状语从句so that, in case, 结果状语从句sothat, suchthat, 条件状语从句if, unless, providing/provided that方式状语从句(just) as, as if/ though让步状语从句although/though, even if/though, n./adj./v + as +主谓,wh-ever/no matter wh-+主谓比较状语从句as原级as/not so as, the same (+n.) as, 比较级than, the+形容词最高级；the+形容词比较级+主谓，the+形容词比较级+主谓（越,越）3）连接词（引导名词性从句）：在主句中充当主、宾、表、同位语；引导词在从句中可充当成分或不充当成分）。引导词列表如下：连词(作为引导词,在从句中不充当任何成分)连接代词（在从句中充当作主语、宾语、定语）thatwhetherifas if/as thoughbecausewho谁whom谁whose谁的what什么which哪一who(m)ever，whatever,whichever主从宾从表从同从连接副词（在从句中作状语）when（时间）什么时候where（地点）什么地方how（方式）如何；多么why（原因）为什么主从宾从表从同从3）关系词（引导定语从句）：形式：先行词+关系词+定语从句；关系词在定从中一定充当主语、宾语、定语、表语或状语。关系词列表如下：关系代词who指人作主语，宾语，表语whom指人作宾语whose指人或物作定语that指人或物（只用于限制性定从）作主语，宾语which指物，整个句子作主语，宾语，表语as指代整个句子（只用于非限制性定从）作主语，宾语，表语关系副词when指时间=in,（on, at）which作时间状语(那时候=then)where指地点= in, (at)which作地点状语(在那里=where)why指原因=for which作原因状语5） 强调句: It is/was + 被强调部分(主语、宾语、状语) + that + 句子的其余部分强调谓语动词：在谓语动词原形前加do/does/did6） 常见句型：(略)2. 代词：1) 人称代词: 主格充当主语;宾格充当宾语和表语我你他她它我们你们他们主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem2) 物主代词: 形容词型物主代词作定语; 名词型物主代词作主语、宾语、表语我的你(们)的他的她的它的我们的他们的形容词型myyourhisheritsourtheir名词型mineyourshishersitsourstheirs3）反身代词：myself(我自己), yourself, himeself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves,用作宾语、表语、同位语。4）指示代词：it, this, that, these, those起指代作用；such/so5）不定代词：others, other+pl.(其他的), another+可数名词单数(另一), one, each, all, both, none, neither, either, much, many, little, few, every, everyone, everybody, everything; some, someone, somebody, something; any, anyone, anybody, anything; no, no one, nobody, nothing6）疑问代词(引导特殊疑问句)：who, whom, whose, what, which, how, why, when, where3. 冠词：熟记a/an, the 的基本用法和固定搭配4. 介词：熟记常见介词的基本用法和固定搭配。如：with, as, by, from, for, at ,in, without, between, like etc.5. 倒装，省略，强调（*）(2020) 第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填人一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为3140的相应位置上。Jane was walking round the department storeShe remembered how difficult _31_ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her fatherShe wished that he was as easy _32_(please) as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume. Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not _33_ pleasant experience：people stepped on your feet or _34_ (push) you with their elbows(肘部)，hurrying ahead to get to a bargainJane paused in front of a counter _35_ some attractive ties were on display“They are real silk，”the assistant tried to attract her“worth double the price”But Jane knew from past experience that her _36_ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her fatherJane stopped where a small crowd of men had gatheredShe found some good quality pipes _37_ saleShe did not hesitate for long：although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while，she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _38_When Jane got home，with her small but well-chosen present in her bag，her parents were already _39_ table having supperHer mother was excited“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking，”Jane _40_ (inform)(2020) 第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填人一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为3140的相应位置上。A young man, while traveling through a desert，came across a spring of clear water. _31_water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _32_ had been his teacher. After a four-day journey, the young man _33_(present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _34_(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home_35_a happy heart.After the student left, the teacher let _36_student taste the water. He spit it out, _37_(say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher,” Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _38_?” W_w w.k*s*5 u.co mThe teacher replied,” You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _39_ (sweet).”We understand this lesson best _40_ we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe on a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing. Exercises：I was on my way to the Taiyetoes Mountains. The sun was setting when my car _1_(break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortunate, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to _2_ should have the honour of receiving me _3_ a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me _4_(settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his house to my car to pull it to _5_ small town some 20 kilometres away _6_ there was a garage.I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. _7_ willagers brought me goats cheese and honey. We drank together and talked _8_(merry) till far into the night.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman _9_ the trouble I had caused _10_.Some people bring out the best in you in a way that you might never have