高三英语语法专题复习译林出版社知识精讲

高三英语语法专题复习高三英语语法专题复习译林出版社译林出版社 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 语法专题复习 二. 教学目标： 冠词复习 三. 教学重难点： 冠词的复习与运用 冠词的用法： 冠词：定冠词(the) 不定冠词(a, an) 一、定冠词的基本用法 1. 定冠词的特指用法 1)定冠词的特指用法通常都是确定的特指，比如：重提上文提到过的人或物时， 要用定冠词： I saw a girl and an old man in the house. The old man must be the girls grandfather. He ordered some books last month. The books have now arrived. 2)在名词词组中，如果名词之后带有限制性定语或其前带有最高级形容词，要 用定冠词： Is this the train for Shanghai? The flowers in her garden smell fragrant. Here is the letter to be posted. This is the most interesting book I have ever read. 3)当讲到说话人和听话人都知道的人或物时，要用定冠词： Im just back from the market. Has the postman been here? 4)当名词前带有 first, next, last, same, only 等表示独特含义的词语时， 要用定冠词： When is the next flight to Beijing? He is always the first to come and the last to leave. This is the only copy I have ever collected. 2. 定冠词的类指用法 1）用“定冠词+单数名词” 可指整个类别, 区别于另一个类别: The tiger and the cat belong to the same family of mammals. The book is used for the teacher, not for the student. 2)“用定冠词+表示国籍的形容词”可指整个民族或国人。 The English have had long trade relations with the Chinese. 3)“用定冠词+普通形容词”可指一类人。 the blind; the dying; the learned 4） “定冠词+某些复数名词”可指一定的阶级，阶层或外国人。 He says he keeps away from the lawyers and the doctors. 3. 定冠词的其他用法 1)在表示某些独一无二的事物时，要用定冠词： the sun, the moon, the earth, the northern pole, the equator 2)在表示海洋，江河，湖泊，群岛，山脉，沙漠，海峡等的专有名词前，要用 定冠词 。 the West Lake, the Atlantic, the Changjiang river 3)在乐器名称前，要用定冠词 Tom played the piano and I played the violin. 4)在表示某一家人的专有名词前，要用定冠词。 The Browns have arrived. 5) 用在表示单位的名词前 He gets paid by time . * He gets paid by the day/by the hour. 二、不定冠词的基本用法 不定冠词 a, an 用于泛指和类指。 1. 不定冠词的泛指用法 They live in a house. 2. 不定冠词的类指用法 不定冠词与单数名词搭配可类指，即指同类的人或物中的任何一个。 A car must be insured. A child needs love. *要注意区别“不定冠词+单数名词”的类指用法与泛指用法，这要依上下文来 判定。 He bought an English dictionary. （ ） He needs an English dictionary. （ ） A child came to my room. ( ) A child must be educated in some way. ( ) 3. 不定冠词的指量用法 不定冠词在下列结构中有“一个”的含义，属于指量用法： I will be back in a day or two. A car runs 80 kilometers an hour. 三、零冠词的用法 1. “零冠词+复数名词或不可数名词”可用于泛指。 Pencils, pens, and pieces of paper were spread all over the table. This morning I only had milk for breakfast. 2. 零冠词的类指用法： “零冠词+复数名词” ，侧重指类别中的许多个体。 Tractors have taken the place of horses. “零冠词+抽象名词或物质名词”也可类指。 Practice makes perfect. *零冠词也可与表示家庭成员的单数名词搭配作确定特指。 Mary asked “Why is Father out of work?” Teacher was pleased with our work. 3. 零冠词的其他用法： *在表示餐食，交通工具 ，通讯工具的名词之前，通常用零冠词。 After lunch I usually take a nap. I usually travel by train, not by air. He sent the message not by post, but by radio. *在表示四季，年月，周日，时间的名词之前，通常用零冠词。 Spring has come around again. In February, it is already very warm in Hainan. On Sunday I usually take my children to the park. *表示头衔、职位的名词前。 Who is captain of your team? John was elected chairman of the committee. * turn 作系动词时，后面的名词前不用冠词。 He was a medical student before he turned writer. 【典型例题】 例 1 (全国卷 II)19. Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please? Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; / 答案：B， 例 2 (北京卷)22.I looked under _bed and found _book I lost last week. A. the; a B. the: the C. 不填；the D. the；不填 答案：B， 例 3 (天津卷）3. I wanted to catch _early train, but couldn t get _ ride to the station. A. an, the B. /, the C. an, / D. the, a 答案：D， 例 4 (重庆卷)24. Gorge couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church. A. /; the B. the; /C. a; /D. /; a 答案：C， 例 5 (福建卷)22.How about Christmas evening party? I should say it was success. A. a; aB. the; aC .a; 不填D. the; 不填 答案：B， 例 6 (四川卷)22. How about taking _ short break? I want to make _ call A. the；a B. a；the C. the；the D. a；a 答案：D， 例 7 (陕西卷)17.In film Cast Away. Tom Hanks plays man named Chuck Noland. A. a; theB. the; aC. the; theD. a; a 答案：B， 例 8 (浙江卷)4. I like _ color of your skirt. It is _ good match for your blouse. A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the 答案：C 例 9 (湖南卷)23. Polar bears live mostly on _ sea ice, which they use as _ platform for hunting seals. A. a; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D. the; 不 填 答案：C 例 10 (江西卷)26.Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise. A. a;/ B. the; a C. the; the D. /; a 答案：A 例 11 (江苏卷)21. We have every reason to believe that _ 2020 Beijing Olympic Games will be _ success. A. / a B. the / C. the aD. a a 答案：C 例 12 (辽宁卷)21. Christmas is _ special holiday when _ whole family are supposed to get together. A. the, the B. a, a C. the, a D. a, the 答案：D 例 13 (山东卷)21. _walk is expected to last all day, so bring _ packed lunch. A. A; a B. The; 不填 C. The ; a D. A; 不填 答案：C 【模拟试题】 （答题时间：65 分钟） 一、单选题 1. John spent too much time talking on _ phone while we were all busy at _ work. A. the; / B. a; / C. /; / D. the; the 2. You can have _ second try if you fail _ first time. A. the; / B. /; a C. the; a D. a; the 3. I didnt tell him_ news at once because I wanted to give him _ surprise. A. a; a B. the; the C. the; a D. /; the 4. Who is your English teacher? Mr. White, _ European working in _ Nanjing University. A. an; the B. a; the C. an; / D. a; / 5. When we study a globe, we can see _ is the largest ocean and _ the largest continent. A. the Pacific; Asia B. Pacific; the Asia C. the Pacific; the Asia D. Pacific; Asia 6. The soldier was wounded in _, but he caught the enemy officer by_. A. the knee; the arm B. his knee; his arm C. his knee; the arm D. the knee; his arm 7. According to the recent reports, one of the rare animals, _ crocodile, is in _ danger of dying out. A. the; the B. the; / C. /; / D. /; the 8. I dont know who invented _ telescope, but I think it is _ most useful invention. A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a; a 9. Things of _ kind come together; people of a mind fall into _ same group. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. the; a 10. We must pay special attention to the idioms of _ English language. A. the B. some C. an D. / 11. My brother and I wanted to see the new play, but we werent able to get the tickets for _ two of us. A. / B. the C. among D. between 12. Tina looks especially pretty tonight. Yes, she always looks her best in _ of that color. A. dress B. a dress C. that dress D. the dress 13. We elected Tom _ monitor of our class for _ second time. A. /; a B. the; a C. the; the D. a; a 14. Child, dont worry too much about _ mistakes. Theyre _ natural part of learning something. A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; a 15. Wheres Kate? I suppose shes still in _ bed, but she might just be in _ dining-room. A. /; the B. /; / C. the; /D. the; the 16. Judging from _ number of cars, only _ small number of people have come to the conference. A. a; the B. a; aC. the; theD. the; a 17. What was Mary once? She was _ professor of medicine before she turned _ writer. A. a; the B. a; / C. the; / D. the; the 18. I hear the workers in his factory are paid by _ week. Correct, and most of them get about 400 yuan _ week. A. the; a B. a; the C. /; a D. the; / 19. Could you do me _ favor to turn on the light? A. a B. the C. / D. some 20. She arrived here by _ way of Hong Kong. In _ way her health is much improved, but she still doesnt feel well. A. /; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the 21. I remember the writer lives in _ west, so we should head _ west. A. the; the B. the; / C. /; the D. /; / 22. You have missed _ “n” in your spelling of _ word “government”. A. an; a B. an; the C. a; the D. the; / 23. Alice is fond of playing _ piano while Herry is interested in listening to _ music. A. /, the B. /, / C. the, / D. the, the 24. Beyond _ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _ space. A. the, / B. /, the C. /, / D. the, the 25. Alexander Graham Bell invented _ telephone in 1876. A. / B. a C. the D. one 26 . He saw through the little boys tricks _. A. at glance B. at the glance C. at some glance D. at a glance 27. Many people are still in _ habit of writing silly things in _ public places. A. the, the B. /, / C. the, / D. /, the 28. She is _ newcomer to _ chemistry, but she has already made some important discoveries. A. the, the B. the, / C. a, / D. a, the 29.Id like _ information about the management of your hotel, please. Well, you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpful. A. some, a B. an, some C. some, some D. an, a 30. Many people agree that_ knowledge of English is a must in_ international trade today. A. a; 不填B. the; anC. the; the D. 不填; the 二、单词拼写 根据所给句子意思以及汉语或首字母提示，写出下列各句中所缺单词的正确形 式。 31. She had acquired much _ (智慧)during her long life. 32. We all like him though he is a person with many s_. 33. If you can overcome your p_, youll succeed here. 34. An eclipse of the moon (月蚀) is a rare p_. 35. He was _ (征召入伍) into the army last year. 36. The organization d_ food and blankets to the earthquake victims. 37. When I was ill I completely lost my _ (食欲、胃口). 38. The company has _ (谈判、洽谈、协商) a new contract with the management. 39. I have read your proposal and given some serious t_ to it. 40. The report _ (矛盾) what we heard yesterday. 三、阅读理解 Many teenagers feel that the most important people in their lives are their friends. They believe that their family members, especially their parents, dont know them as well as their friends do. In large families, it is often for brothers and sisters to fight with each other and then they can only go to their friends for advice. It is very important for teenagers to have one good friend or many friends. Even when they are not with their friends, they usually spend a lot of time talking among themselves on the phone. This communication is very important in childrens growing up, because friends can discuss something difficult to say to their family members. However, parents often try to choose friends for their children. Some parents may even stop their children from meeting their good friends. The question of “choice” is an interesting one. Have you ever thought of the following questions? Who chooses your friends? Do you choose your friends or your friends choose you? H