高考英语一轮复习 Unit1—Unit2知识梳理

UNITS 12知识梳理词汇单词：honest, loyal smart, argue classical, deserted, board, adventure, admit, scared, survive, sorrow, solution, opinion, pronounce, broad, majority, native, total, situation, trade, tourism, communicate, exchange, service, independent, expression, president, government, signal, statement, European词组：think about, treatas, share happiness and sorrow, care about, makes friends with, be regarded as, go outing, be angry with sb., drop sb. a line, argue with sb. about sth. , be into sth.，surf the Internet, hunt for, make a fire，in order to, even though, develop a friend ship with，have a good knowledge of，on the phone，communicate with sb.，know about, come about，the answer to the question, stay up late, end up with, more or less, make yourself at home, native language, the majority of, in total, such as, except for, have difficulty in doing sth., bring in, make sure语法直接引语与间接引语交际用语I think that.Im sure that.Im not so sure that.He /She thinks that is boring /terrible.He/She likesHe/She enjoys.He/She loves He/She is fond of.He/She doesnt like/enjoy.He/She hates常用句型I dont enjoy singing, nor do I like computers.My interests are reading novels, playing football and singing songs.He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food and make fire.Even though Wilson is just a volleyball , he becomes fond of him.He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends.Dont forget to buy me some ketchup on your way backThere are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English.With so many people communicating in English every day，we can see that it will be more important to have a good knowledge of EnglishIn China students learn English at school as a foreign language，except for those in Hong Kong.Written English is more or less the same in both British and American English辨析词语：(1)care aboutcare forcare about意为“忧虑、关心、惦念”。倒：They dont care about what will happen to the family.care for可以表示“关心”解，但还可以表示“喜欢、在乎”之意。例：I dont care much for classical music(2)for the first timethe first timefor the first time意为“第一次，首次”，在句中作时间状语。例：For the first time in their lives they met with such kind of thingsthe first time意为“第一次，一就”，在句中作连词，引导时间状语从句。例：I knew he was an honest man the first time 1 met himthe first time也可以作表语用在It is(was)the first time that句型中，从句中要用完成时态。例：It is the first time that I have visited the Summer Palace.(3)such asfor examplesuch as与for example都可以用于举例。但such as为介词短语，后直接跟宾语，表示例举事物，而for example后面有逗句，表示举例说明某种情况。另外for example可以位于句末，而such as不可以。例：Wild animals，such as tigers and pandas，are becoming rare in the world.I know many women who have a career and a family- Alison for example(4)exceptbesidesbutexcept forexcept表示“除了之外没有”，前面的名词或代词一般表示全部。例：All the students went to the cinema last night except Kathybut意义相当于“except”但它多与代词，如everything，anything，nothing连用，后面也可以用动词不定式形式。例：Nothing but a set of knives was left on the tableWhen winter comes，cold-blooded animals have no choice but to lie down and sleep.except for表示“总体上可以，只是某一方面欠缺”，常含有“美中不足”的意思。例：The composition was well written except for a few spelling mistakesbesides表示“除了之外还有”常与more，other，another，else等词连用。例：Many other students like football besides Tom and John(5)alonelonelyalone用作形容词，充当表语或后置定语，意为“独自的，单独的”。用作副词修饰谓语动词，作状语用。lonely 只能用作形容词，表示主观上因缺少朋友或独自一人而感到“孤独寂寞”或“偏僻的，荒凉的”。倒：I am alone，but I never feel lonelyThe old man lives alone in the lonely small mountain village(6)too much much tootoo much意思是“太多”，可以作表语、宾语、定语或状语，修饰动词。例：You have talked too much about itAmericans eat too much meatin my opinion.much too为程度副词，修饰形容词或副词。例：The question is much too difficult for such children.(7)think ofthink aboutthink overthink of和think about都可以表示“考虑”“想起”的意思，两者可以换用但作“对有看法”或“评价”解时，只能用think of。例：Im thinking ofabout persuading Dad to give up smokingWhat do you think of your English teacher?think over意为“仔细考虑”。例：Youd better think the matter overC识记句型1 SoNeitherNor+助动词或he+主语，意义为“某人物也”。She can speak English well and so can ITom hasnt been to America and neithernor have I .2 Even though Wilson is Just a volleyball，he becomes fond of him3 He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends4 With so many people communicating in English every day，we can see that it will be more important to have a good knowledge of English5 There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English6 However, most of the time people from the two countries dont have any difficulty in understanding each other.7 One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes(be doingwhen；be about to dowhen)8 Chuck learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow，and that it is important to have someone to care about.9 The lesson that we can learn from Chuck and all the others who have unusual friends is that friends are teachers10 In the same way，Americans still use the expression“I guess”，just as the British did 300 years ago11 For example, the British took“typhoon”from Chinese，while the Americans took“tonado”from Spanish触类旁通l I was surprised at his coming _Ain all B. a t allCafter all D. above all【答案】B【解析】in all意为“总共”，此处用in all 句意不通；at all 一般常用于否定句中以加强语气，表示“根本，全然”等意思。当用在肯定句时，往往有“不肯定惊讶”等含义;after all意为“毕竟，别忘了”；above all意为“最重要的是”.此句意思是“我很惊讶，他竟然来了。”2The worker the log and then down to sleepAlaid; lay B.lay；liedClaid;lied D. laid；lain【答案】A【解析】此题考察lie和lay的用法。首先要分析题干的意思。此句意为“工人将圆木放下，然后躺下睡觉。”“放，放下”要用lay这个词，其过去式为laid；“躺”要用lie；其过去式为lay故选A。3Although l spoke to him many times，he never took any of what I saidA. notice B.remarkC. observation D. attention【答案】 A【解析】此题考查动词词组的固定搭配。take notice of意为“注意某事”，attention用于pay attention to故选A。4If better use is your spare timeyoull make great progress in doing your businessAspent BtakenCused for Dmade of【答案】 D【解析】此题也是考查动词的固定词组。better use is made of your spare time是make better use of your spare time的被动结构。意为“如果你更好地利用你的业余时间，你就会”。故选D。5A great deal of money as well as large quantities of food and clothes _ to the povertystricken area in AfghanistanAare carried Bis takenChave been brought Dsent【答案】B【解析】A as well as B作主语，谓语同A保持一致；a great deal of money作主语，谓语动词用单数。此句意为“大量的钱和大量的食物、衣服都被送到阿富汗的贫穷地区”。选B。6She has a mind Aof her own Bon her ownCin her own Dwith her own【答案】A【解析】 of ones own意为“属于自己的”。on ones own意为“独立地”。own不能和in或with搭配。此句意为“她颇有主见。”故选A。7Though he was in the leg，the soldier went on firing at the enemyAinjured BhurtCwounded Ddamaged【答案】C【解析】车祸及其他意外事故中受伤，用injure；战斗中受伤、刀伤、枪伤，用wound；hurt指精神或肉体上的伤害，程度较injure或wound轻；damage指事物的“损坏”不能用来指人，故选c。此句意为“尽管他腿部受伤，这个士兵还继续向敌人开火。”8 I met with an old friend of mine at the railway.AOne day BAnother dayCSome day DA day【答案】A【解析】one day通常用在过去时或将来时的句子里，表示某一天的意思；another day意为“改天”；some day用于将来时，表示将来某一天可与one day互换。故选A。9 this month，well have finished this projectAIn the end BAt the end ofCBy the end of DEnding up in【答案】 C【解析】 in the end意为“最后，终于”；at the end of意为“在末的时候”或“在末端”；by the end of常与完成时连用；end up in意为“以的状态结束”。此句意为“到这个月底为止我们将已完成这项工程。”故选C。考题回放1 Its cloudy outsidePlease take an umbrella (2020湖南卷)AYes，take it easyBWell，it just dependsCOK，just in caseDAll right，youre welcome【答案】 C【解析】这是一道交际题。从take an umbrella(带上雨伞)可推知C为正确答案。in case意思为“以防万一，take it easy意思为“别急，慢慢来”；it just depends表示“看情况而定”的含义。2 As soon as he comes back，Ill tell him when _ and see him(2020北京卷)Ayou will come Bwill you comeCyou come Ddo you come【答案】A【解析】此题考查间接引语的用法。根据题意，此处应采用一般将来时和陈述语序。3 He tried his best to solve the problem， difficult it was (2020天津卷)Ahowever Bno matterCwhatever Dalthough【答案】 A【解析】however“无论如何，不管多么”，后接形容词或副词。no matter后应加上how才正确。whatever“不管什么”。不符题意。although没有该用法。4 There at the door stood a girl about the same height (2020 北京春季卷)Aas me Bas mineCwith mine Dwith me【答案】B【解析】the same后的介词用 as；比较的对象应相同，因此是“她的高度”同“我的高度”对比，mine即相当于my height。5 I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is than John(2020上海春季卷)Amore efficiently a workerBa more efficient workerCmore an efficient workerDa worker more efficiently【答案】B【解析】more用来修饰efficient的，二者不分开；系动词为is，所以其表语用形容词。6 With the rapid growth of population，the city in all directions in the past five years.(2020北京春季卷)Aspreads Bhas spreadCspread Dhad spread【答案】B【解析】 in the past five years表示“在过去的五年里”，它一般与现在完成时连用。7 Although he has lived with us for years，he us much impression(2020上海卷)Ahadnt left Bdidnt leaveCdoesnt leave Dhasnt left【答案】D【解析】 for years及has lived表明下文中的“没有给我们留下太多的印象”用现在完成时。8 role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar (2002上海卷)AHow interesting BHow an interestingCWhat interesting DWhat an interesting【答案】D【解析】play a role in是一习惯表达，因此A、C两项不正确。How引起感叹句时，其后常跟形容词或副词，或对谓语感叹，但谓语不提前。还可用How interesting a role she played in the film!基础训练1_ houses were knocked down in the earthquake.AA great many BThe number ofCA great many of DA great deal of2What has Tom been doing recently?I dont know，_ careAnor I do Bnor do ICneither am I DI neither do3He sent me an e-mail，_ to get further informationAhoped BhopingCto hope Dhope4How does it _ that he is so badly off when he earns quite a good salaryAcome out Bcome upCcome along Dcome about5We havent get enough books for everyone to have oneSome of you will have to _Aspare BsaveCshare D. enjoy6I missed the first part of the filmIt was really a pityYou _ home half an hour earlierAshould have left Bshould leaveCmight have left Dmust have left7Dont look down upon BobHe has his own advantages.Oh，yes others are weak，he is strongAIf BWhenCThough DWhere8As we joined the big crowd I got from my friendsAseparated BsparedClost Dmissed9Mrs. Klarke would like to share everything she has with others except _who are too greedyAones BtheseCthose Dthe others10Shall we go outing this weekend?Oh，with all this work _，I dont know if Ill have time to go outAto do BdoingCdone Ddo11You should try to write _ even when youre busyAs you know，practice makes perfectAnow and then Bmore or lessCsooner or later Dhere and there12He likes listening to the radio _ his sister likes playing the pianoAwhen BwhileCAs Dthough13Where was it _ the road accident happened yesterday?In front of the marketAwhen BthatCwhich Dhow14He was about to tell me a secret _ someone patted him on the shoulderAas BuntilCwhile Dwhen15Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their childrens futureAthat BhowCwhat Dwhen参考答案与解析1A a great many意思为“大量的”，修饰可数名词，而a great deal of修饰不可数名词，the number of表示“的数量”，不符合题意。2B从句意可知：“我不知道，我也不关心。”故选用neithernor+助动词(情态动词)+主语结构。3B动词-ing形式表示伴随动作。4D词义辨析题，come out表示“出现，发芽”，come about 表示“产生，发生”；come up表示“冒上来，上来，上升”。5C “我们没有足够的书，每个人不能拥有一本，因此一些人就只好共用了。”share的意思为“分享”。6A should have done表示“过去应该做的事而没有做”，符合题意；must have done表示“过去一定做了某事”；而might have done表示“过去可能做了某事”。7D where引导地点状语。8A 词义辨析题，separate的意思为“分开，分离”，spare表示“腾出”，而lost表示“失踪”。9C those代替the people。10A 从句意“我不知道我是否有时间出去”，可推知“我有许多工作要做”，故选用动词不定式。11A 词义辨析题，now and then的意思为“不时地，偶尔”；more or less表示“或多或少”；sooner or later表示“迟早”；here and there表示“到处”。12B while表示转折对比。13B 本题考查强调结构，强调疑问词where，故选用that。14D本题考查be about to dowhen结构，表示“正要做某事突然”。15B从句意“教父母了解教育对他们的子女的将来有多重要”可判定答案为B。综合强化完形填空Dont Take the Fun Out of Youth SportsWhen I joined a private football league a few years ago，the sport meant everything to meMy coach(教练) said that I had lots of potential(潜力), and I became captain of my 1 .That was before all the fun was taken out of 2 At first, everyone on the team got 3 playing timeThen the team moved up to the top division after winning all its games，and the 4 startedSome parents, who had paid the coach extra so their daughters could have 5 one-on-one training，got angry when she didnt give them more playing time in our 6 The coach was replacedThe new coach，however，took all the fun out of the game: All we did during practice was 7 I always wished to God that it would rain so we would not have the 8 . Of course，all teams run drills；they are 9 But we ran so much that，afterwards，we had trouble 10 Younger people shouldnt be doing exercises 11 for 18-year-oldsI was very thin 12 I started football，but as a member of this team I wouldnt eat much，because I was afraid of being too 13 to runI feared making mistakes，and the added pressure caused me to make more than my usual 14 Is all this pressure necessary? I l5 up leaving the football teamFour other girls did the same，and two of them stopped playing football completelyThats 16 ，because they had so much potentialThey were just burned-out with all the pressure they 17 from the coach or their parentsI continued playing football at school and 18 my love for itI joined a private team coached by my school coachWhen I started playing 19 him，he told me I needed to relax because I looked nervousAfter I 20 down, I played betterWhen you enjoy something, its a lot easier to do it well1Aclass Bclub Cteam Dboard2Aplaying Bliving Clearning Dworking,3Agreat Bequal Cright Dextra4Abusiness Bstruggle Cattempt Dpressure5Afree B. private Cgood Dbasic6Amatches Bcourses Clessons D programs7Ajump Bplay Crun Dshoot8Aduty Bmeeting Coperation Dtraining9Anecessary Bboring Cscientific Dpractical10Aspeaking Bmoving Csleeping Dbreathing11A used； Bintended Cmade Ddescribed12Atill Bsince Cbefore Dbecause13Afull Btired Clazy Dbig14Asize Bshare Cspace Dstate15Agave Bkept Cended Dpicked16Asad Bshameful Csilly Dserious1 7Areceived Bsuffered Cbrought Dfelt1 8Areconsidered Brediscovered Cre-formed D. replaced19Aat Bby Cfor Daround20Afell Bstepped Cslowed Dcalmed参考答案与解析1C captain of the team足球队队长。2A此处指playing football。综观全文，作者刚开始时在球队没有任何压力(pressure)，以玩(playing)为主，队员们都从中找到快乐(fun)。3B equal(平等的，一样多的)，从下文可以得到答案。4D球队取得好成绩后，压力随之而来。5B父母付给教练额外的(extra)钱是为了能给他们孩子个别的一对一训练(one-on-one training)。6A在比赛中。7C根据下文可以作出判断。此处从语法上讲，属于动词不定式充当表语(动词前面省略了to)。8D根据上文，球队训练就是让队员跑，作者对此感到很厌烦，所以希望训练的时候天会下雨。9A结合常识，“跑”对于足球队员来说是必要的。10D本句的含义是“跑得这样多，以致于孩子们呼吸感到困难”。11B be intendedmeantdesignedaimed for的含义是“为了，为而准备”。此处为过去分词充当定语，修饰exercises。12，C根据背景，此处用连词连接时间状语从句。13A显然是担心吃的太多而跑不动。14B make(take)ones share含义为承受某人的那一份(压力)。此处作者认为这种训练已经让她这种年龄的孩子难以承受。15C end up doing sth(以而结束)，结合上下文，作者由于难以承受而最终离开球队。16A结合上下文，具备如此的潜力而最后选择彻底放弃，这样做令人感到伤心。17D通过对本句结构的分析可以得到短语feel pressure from“感觉到来自于的压力”。18B在学校踢球，作者又重新找到了其中的快乐。19C空格后him指的是教练，这样答案就很明显了20D根据上文relax(放松)即可作出判断。calm down的含义为“定下心，放松”。2 阅读理解BlamelessI was a freshman in college when I met the WhitesThey were completely different from my own family, yet I felt at home with them immediately. Jane White and I became friends at school，and her family welcomed me like a longlost cousinIn my family，it was always important to place blame when anything bad happened“Who did this?” my mother would scream about a dirty kitchen“This is all your fault，Katharine，”my father would insist when the eat got out or the dishwasher brokeFrom the time we were little，my sister，brothers and I told on each otherWe set a place for blame at the dinner tableBut the Whites didnt worry about who had done whatThey picked up the pieces and moved on with their livesThe beauty of this was driven home to me the summer Jane diedIn Julythe White sisters and I decided to take a car trip from their home in Florida to New YorkThe two older sisters，Sarah and Jane，were college students，and the youngest，Amy，had recently turned sixteenProud of having a new drivers license(驾照)，Amy was excited aboutpracticing her driving on the tripShe showed off her license to everyone she metThe big sisters shared the driving of Sarahs new car during the first part of the trip，but when they reached less crowded areas，they let Amy take overSomewhere in South Carolina，we pulled off the highway to eatAfter lunch，Amy got behind the wheelShe came to a crossroads with a stop signWhether she was nervous or just didnt see the sign no one would ever know，Amy continued into the crossroads without stoppingThe driver of a large truck，unable to stop in time，ran into our carJane was killed immediatelyI was slightly injuredThe most difficult thing that Ive ever done was to call the Whites to tell them about the accident and that Jane had diedPainful as it was for me to lose a good friendI knew that it was far w