2020高考英语 Unit3《Inventors and inventions》单元强化训练 新人教版选修8

单元强化训练(三) (解析为教师用书独有).单词拼写1They claimed(声称)that they have found a cure for the disease，but this has not yet been proved.2For some unknown reason，the meeting came to an abrupt(突然的)end.3I keep my reference books near my desk for convenience (方便)4He ate a light lunch in expectation (期望) of a good dinner.5In 1876 Bell got the patent for his most famous invention.单项填空1Mum，it is nice weather.I want to skate this afternoon.Dont you think the ice on the lake is too thin to _ your weight?AcarryBbearCcatchDtake【解析】这里的bear不表示“忍受”，而是“承受”的意思。【答案】B2Only in this way _ to make improvements.Ayou can hopeBcan you hopeCyou did hopeDdid you hope【解析】only修饰介词短语置于句首，句子使用倒装语序，结合句意可知答案为B项。句意为：只有用这种方式你才能取得进步。【答案】B3How did you like the lecture tonight?Very _.I doubt if I will come to this kind of lecture next time.AencouragingBencouragedCdisappointingDdisappointed【解析】此处指对事物lecture的看法，故使用v.ing形式。结合后面的I doubt.可知此题答案为C项。【答案】C4It is said that another new school _.Yes.The workers _ it for nearly three months already and have finished 80 percent of it.6While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope，Newton made _ discovery which completely changed _ mans understanding of colour.Aa；/Ba；theC/；theDthe；a【解析】make a discovery是固定短语，意思是“做出一个发现”；man表示“人类”时，前面不加冠词，所以选择A。【答案】A7I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice _ I picked up the phone.AafterBasCthe minuteDwhile【解析】the minuteas soon as 意为“一就”，引导时间状语从句。【答案】C8Every _ on the same disk must have a different name.AwordBdocumentCmessageDfile10It was reported that 115 miners_in the flooded mine for eight days were pulled out alive at last.AtrappedBbeing trappedCwere trappedDhad trapped【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：据报道，在透水事故中被困8天的115名矿工最终都成功获救。miners与trap之间为被动关系，因此用trapped表示被动且已经完成。故答案为A项。【答案】A11He keeps far too many things in his pockets, so his suit looks badly out of _.AdateBstyleCorderDshape【解析】他在口袋里装了太多东西，所以他的外套看起来严重变形了。out of shape “变形的”，符合题意。out of date“过时的，陈旧的”；out of style“不流行的”；out of order“不整齐”。【答案】D12Success in moneymaking is not always a good _of real success in life.AlevelBcriterionCheightDcomment【解析】考查名词辨析。level“水平”；criterion“标准，原则”； height“高度”； comment“评论，解释”。根据题意，选B。【答案】B13She told her husband that she couldnt_the rest of the housework without his help.Aget overBget throughCget intoDget off15Try to _ at least half an hour each day for learning new vocabulary, and youll know more words.Aset asideBtake upCput awayDturn out【解析】考查动词短语辨析。set aside“留出，拨出，把放在一边”；take up“占据，开始从事”；put away“把收起来”；turn off“关掉(灯、水龙头等)”。句意为：尽量每天留出至少半个小时的时间来学习新词汇，你将会知道更多的单词。【答案】A.翻译句子1我下午三点去看你，方便吗？(convenient)Is_it_convenient_to_you_if_I_call_on_you_at_3：00_pm.?2汤姆对时事有点兴趣，不时买来一些报纸研究。(current；now and then)Tom_showed_a_little_interest_in_current_affairs_and_would_buy_newspapers_to_study_now_and_then.3在我们心中，春节是和愉快的家庭团聚联系在一起的。(be associated with)In_our_minds_the_Spring_Festival_is_associated_with_happy_family_reunions.4咱们的冰箱又坏了，我们别修它了，最好买一个新的。(out of order)Our_refrigerator_is_out_of_order_again.Wed_better_buy_a_new_one_instead_of_repairing_it.5他将手伸入口袋中取出一盒火柴。(dive into)He_dived_into_the_pocket_and_pulled_out_a_box_of_matches.阅读理解AThe next time you use telephone and Internet, you can probably thank Charles Kao(高锟), who was one of the Nobel Prize in physics winners on October 6,2020. His idea of fiberoptic (光纤) communications has made the modern telephone and Internet possible. People can exchange text, music and photos around the world within seconds thanks to this technology.Half the $1.4 million prize goes to Charles Kao, 75, for discovering how to send light signals long distance through hairthin glass fibers. The other half goes to the Americans Boyle,85，and Smith,79，for inventing a sensor(传感器)that turns light into electrical signals.Their invention led to digital cameras.Kao was born in Shanghai in 1933 and now has both American and British citizenship(公民身份)Kao has been interested in science since he was a boy.He once tried making a bomb(炸弹)at home using chemicals and water；then he threw it in the street.Fortunately，no one was hurt!After primary school and the first year of middle school，Kao moved to Hong Kong with his family.He went to Hong Kong University，but he had to go to London University to study electrical engineering.Later he studied fiberoptic communications.Kao said in 1966 that glass fibers could carry light over long distances.Not many took him seriously at the time.But in 1970，researchers in the US were able to make the material.Today the fibers are used throughout the world in computer cables and other cables.The light that flows through them sends text，music，pictures and video globally in less than a second.If you put together all the fibers in the world，you would get a single thread over 1 billion kilometers long.That is enough to go around the globe more than 25,000 times.1Why was Charles Kao awarded the Nobel Prize in physics?ABecause he invented the modern telephone and Internet.BBecause he together with Boyle and Smith invented a sensor which changes light into electrical signals.CBecause his idea led to the invention of digital cameras.DBecause he discovered the way to send light signals through glass fibers.【解析】细节理解题。从文章第二段第一句“Half the $1.4 million prize goes to Charles Kao, 75, for discovering how to send light signals long distance through hairthin glass fibers”可知D项正确。【答案】D2The passage mainly tells us_.ACharles Kaos contribution and his growthBCharles Kao together with Boyle and Smith won the Nobel Prize in physicsChow Charles Kao discovered fiberoptic communicationsDhow Charles Kao became a great scientist【解析】主旨大意题。全文从Charles Kao 获得诺贝尔物理学奖谈起，文章开始主要讲述Charles Kao对物理学的贡献，后文主要讲述他的成长。【答案】A3When probably did Charles Kao discover fiber could carry light over long distance?AIn 1970.BIn the mid1960s.CSoon after leaving Hong Kong University.DBefore his graduation from London University.【解析】细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段第一句“Kao said in 1966 that glass fibers could carry light over long distances”可知B项正确。【答案】B4Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?ACharles Kao left his parents and went to Hong Kong after the first year of BPriscilla Ouchidas “energyefficient” house turned out to be a horrible dream.When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago，they built a $100,000，threebedroom home in California.Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks，the house was equipped with small doublepaned(双层玻璃的) windows and several other energysaving features.Problems began as soon as the couple moved in，however，Priscillas eyes burned.Her throat was constantly dry.She suffered from headaches and could hardly sleep.It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illness.Experts finally traced the cause of her illness.The level of formaldehyde (甲醛) gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers.The source of the gas? Her new kitchen cabinets and walltowall carpeting.The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution，which is not given enough attention partly because of the nations drive to save energy.The problem itself isnt new.“The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along，”says Moschandreas，a pollution scientist at Geornet Technologies in Maryland.“Energy conservation(保护) has tended to worsen the situation in some cases.”The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones.Back in the days when energy was cheap，home builders didnt worry much about unsealed cracks.Because of such leaks，the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour.As a result，the pollutants produced in most households seldom built up to dangerous levels.5What is this passage mainly talking about?AHow to build an “energyefficient” house.BThe problem with an“energyefficient”house.CWhat is Priscilla Ouchidas opinions.DIndoor air pollution must be paid enough attention to.【解析】主旨大意题。文中没有提到如何建造“有效节能”的房子，也没有讲述Priscilla Ouchida的观点，故排除A、C两项；B项是说“有效节能”房子的问题，文章只是以此为例，更重要的是要人们引起对室内污染的重视，故正确答案为D。【答案】D6It can be learned from the