2020高考英语 备考总动员易错点睛系列 专题06 动词的时态和语态（教师版）

高考英语备考总动员易错点睛系列 专题06 动词的时态和语态（教师版） 考前必读动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，而且测试的难度也在逐年加大。应特别注意以下几点：要把握各种时态的特点，注意易混淆时态间的差异；准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息；要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维。高考中常考的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进易错点睛易错点1 忽视了一般过去时的隐含时间【易错题】14. Edward, you play so well. But I you played the piano.A. didnt know B. hadnt knownC. dont know D. havent known【答案】A【错因透视】一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生的动作或状态，或过去习惯、经常性的动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday；last week；in 1945，at that time；once；during the war；before；a。few days ago；when等。在since从句中通常用一般过去时，其主句用现在完成时。高考考查一般过去时也不经常出现表示过去的时间状语，这就需要考生根据语境意义进行推测。另外，一般过去时在时间和条件状语从句中代替过去将来时，表示“过去将来”的动作或状态。如He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise他答应我，如果他得到提升，就给我买一台电脑。易错点2 没有记住一般现在时的基本用法【易错题】My parents _ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.A. live B. lived C. were living D. will live【答案】A【错因透视】一般现在时表示现在经常或反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。常与always，every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，sometimes，usually等时间状语连用。在以when，tilluntil，as soon as，by the time，after，before等引导的时间状语从句和以if，unless，once等引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。易错点3对进行时这一时态把握不到位【易错题1】Teenagers their health because they play computer games too much.A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D. will damage【答案】B【错因透视】现在进行时表示说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的动作。如：The house is beingbuilt these days这些天那所房子正在被建造。注意：下列现在进行时的特殊含义：(1)go，come，drive，fly，travel，arrive，leave，start，set off等及一些其他动词的进行时态表示将来时，意思是按计划或安排将要进行的动作(这时多有表示将来的时间状语)。如：Im seeing my guest offat the station tomorrow明天我要到车站为客人送行。The court is hearing evidence this afternoon法庭今天下午听取证词。(2)与频率副词如always，constantly，continually，again，forever等连用时，表示说话人的某种感情色彩。表示讨厌、不满，带有埋怨情绪，指责某人一贯的行径。如：He is forever 易错点4 混淆现在完成时和过去完成时【易错题1】I there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist.A. would beB. have beenC. had beenD. will be【解析】考生容易误选B项，原因是误以为set是一般现在时。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。根据从句语境when I set to work with the scientist可判断出，此处指与这位科学家一起工作之前已过去一周多一点的时间，这里的set是一般过去时，从语境的意义也可以看出这一点。【答案】C另外，过去完成时还经常用于下列句式中：(1)hardlyscarcelywhen；no soonerthan句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。如：I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me我剐做完我的工作他就来看我。No soonerhad I arrived home than the telephone rang我刚到家电话铃就响了。(2)动词hope，expect，think，intend，mean，want，suppose，plan等用过去完成时，表示过去未实现的愿望、打算和意图。这时相当于该词的过去时接动词不定式的完成时。如：I hadhoped that I could do the job我(当时)希望我能做那份工作。I had intended to see you but 1 wastoo busy(一I intended to have seen you but 1 was too busy)我本来打算去看你，但是我当时太忙了。易错点5对现在完成进行时理解不透彻【易错题】- Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.- I think so. He _ for it for months.A. is preparingB. was preparingC. had been preparing D. has been preparing易错点6 混淆一般将来时和将来进行时【易错题】Daniels family their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.A. are enjoying B. are to enjoyC. will enjoy D. will be enjoying易错点7混淆各种时态的被动语态【易错题】Why does the Lake smell terrible? Zxxk-Because large quantities of water .A. have polluted B. is being pollutedC. has been polluted D. have been polluted【解析】考生容易误选B项，原因是不知道large quantities of修饰主语时，谓语动词应该用复数，再就是以为大片的水域正在被污染。根据前一个分句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是动宾关系，故应用被动语态。【答案】D (6)waswere being done过去进行时：A meeting was being held when 1 was there(7)shallwill be done一般将来时：Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes(8)shouldwould be done过去将来时：The news would be sent to the soldierS mother as soon as it arrived (2)在need，want，require，bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如：The house needs repairing(to be repaired)这幢房子需要修理。(3)形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。如：The picture-book is well worth reading(The picture-book is very worthy to be read)跟踪练习1.（北京市重点高中2020届高三尖子生综合素质展示英语）If Joe knew anything about car mechanics, Im sure he would help us fix the car, but he _ even less than we do.Ahad knownBwould knowCknewDknows【答案】D【解析】 考查时态。空格处所在分句表达的意思是“但是他知道的还没有我们知道的多呢”，叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，另外根据句中的 “do”，也可知应用一般现在时。2.（2020年郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测英语）Ill call on you at 10:00 tomorrow morning.Sorry, I _ the flight to Shanghai then.Ahave enjoyedBwill be enjoyingCam enjoyingDam to enjoy【答案】B3.（2020年长春市高中毕业班第一次调研测试英语）Have you seen Tony recently?No, but I _ dinner with him on Sunday.Awould haveBhave been havingChave hadDam having【答案】D4.（北京市东城区2020届高三第一学期期末教学统一检测英语）If you ring the doorbell when visiting our home, you _ by our dog.Awill be greetedBwill greetCwere greetedDgreeted【答案】A【解析】 考查时态和语态。句意：你来我家如果按响门铃，我家的狗会迎接你的。在条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。来拜访应该是被迎接，故应用被动语态。5.（北京市西城区2020届高三上学期期末考试英语）The most delicious cake in the world _ by Mom. Please wait an hour to enjoy it.AmakesBis madeCis going to makeDis being made【答案】D【答案】C【解析】 考查时态。由牛排闻起来怪怪的可确定牛排已经烧焦了，故使用现在完成时。此处没有体现“过去的过去”，因此不能使用过去完成时。6.（北京市重点高中2020届高三尖子生综合素质展示英语）My mum is not in Beijing now. She has gone to Paris.Oh, can you tell me when she _?Ais leavingBwould leaveChas leftDleft【答案】D7.（合肥市2020年高三第一次教学质量检测英语）This hotel isnt particularly good, but I _ in many worse hotels.AstayBhave stayedCwas stayingDhad stayed【答案】B【答案】B【解析】 考查时态和语态。既然是“我打算去买那种衣服”，就表明“有人已经告诉了我那种衣服好洗”，所以第一空用现在完成时表示过去动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。第二空填 was