2020年高考英语一轮复习 专题03 Back to the past 精品学案 牛津译林版

2020年高考英语一轮复习精品学案 专题03 Back to the past （牛津译林版） 一、根据句意及中文提示写出所缺单词的完全形式，1. Chinese _ (文明) is one of the oldest in the world.2. John is collecting _ (材料) for a report.3. It has been many years since Mount Vesuvius last _ (爆发).4. You cant stop smoking at once; you need to give it up _ (逐渐)5. As we all know, Christmas now has become too _ (商业).6. We should be _(意识到) of the big challenges ahead.7. The opening _(典礼) of the Asian Games left a deep impression on the audience at home and abroad.8. The gymnast (体操运动员) did perfectly in the contest and all the j_(裁判) gave him full marks.9. Its said that they will d_ （宣布）the result of the election tomorrow.10. The fourteen-year-old boy was quite f_ （幸运）to escape from the burning building without injury.21. come down with a fever_22. for centuries to come_23. have a deep influence on _24. in many cases _25. make sb. aware of sth_26. approach the truth _27. take him to court_28. at his trial _29. put sb. to death_30. be force to drink poison_重点句式根据中文提示完成下列句子重要知识详解一、重要词汇（单词+词组）词汇-2. destroy【教材原句】 Its hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city. (P43)【例句研读】翻译下列各句，注意黑体字在意思上的区别。(1)The city was destroyed in the eruption of the volcano.(2)The heavy rain damaged many houses.(3)I was ruined by that case. Im a ruined man now.【自主归纳】(1) destroy指彻底破坏、毁灭，以至不能修复；也可指希望、计划落空。(2) damage指价值、用途降低或外表损坏，不一定全部破坏，损坏了还可以修复。(3) ruin表示严重破坏，多由自然因素引起；现在多用于比喻中，表示前程的破灭、健康遭到损害等。词汇-4. remain【教材原句】Sven found the remains of building buried beneath the sand, together with a lot oftreasures, including coins, painted pots, material such as silk, documents and wall paintings. (P43)【即时巩固4】(1)The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _ now.A. remains B. is remaining C. is remained D. has been remained(2)_ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.A. It has B. They have C. It remains D. There remains(3)Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.A. seated B. seating C. to sit D. sit(4)It remains _ whether the patient can survive the major operation or not.A. to observe B. to be observed C. observing D. being observed【即时巩固5】根据中文提示，完成句子。(1) 他走上前去，看看前面发生了什么事。He _ to see what was happening in the front.(2)我提前几天完成了工作。I finished the work several days _the deadline.(3) 他数学方面比我占优势。He is _ me in math. (1)我很清楚工作职位非常少.I _a very few jobs are available.(2)应该让每个人都知道所涉及的风险.Everybody should_ the risks involved.词汇-7. take over【教材原句】In 89 BC, the Romans took over Pompeii. (P42)【例句研读】翻译下列句子。(1)He took over from the previous headmaster in February.(2)The company he works for has recently been taken over.【自主归纳】写出take的相关短语。(1)take _ 脱掉(衣帽等)，(飞机等)起飞，请(几天)假，切除(物)(2)take _ 雇用(某人)，承担(工作)，呈现(3)take _ 取出(4)take _ 喜欢上(某人)，开始.，养成.的恶习(5)take _ 开始；从事；占去(时间，空间等)(6)take _ 吸收，包括，了解，理解，欺骗，收留(某人)住宿(7)take _ 取回(某物)，收回(承诺等)，归还(8)take after _(9)take. _. 把当作,误认为(10)take. for granted _词汇-8. turn out【教材原句】 It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, theirbodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving spaces in the ash. (P43)【例句研读】翻译句子。(1)The party turned out (to be) very successful.(2)It turns out that she had known him when they were children.词汇-9.by the age of【教材原句】 By the age of thirty, he had already occupied more land than anyone before. (P58)【例句研读】阅读下列各句，注意句子的时态。(1)By the end of last week, we had already learned three units.(2)By the end of next week, we will have learned three units.(3) By now, we have learned three units.词汇-10. come down with【教材原句】 Yet, in 323 BC, he came down with a fever and died.(P58)【例句研读】翻译下面句子。(1)Our children all came down with the flu last week.(2)I came across an old friend yesterday.(3) He came up with good ideas for the product promotion.(4) How come you are not at work today?(5)When it comes to this matter, different people have different ideas.二、重点句型梳理（含重点语法）：1.【教材原句】Near the city was a volcano.(P42)【句法分析】当表示地点的介词短语或here/there/up/down/in/out/off/away/now/then等副词置于句首表示强调,且谓语动词为be, lie, sit, stand, come, go等时，往往主谓完全倒装。但当句子的主语是人称代词时，则不需要倒装。【即时巩固11】一、单项选择(1) At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and Jialing River _, one of the ten largestcities in China.A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does Chongqing lie D. does lie Chongqing(2)John opened the door. there _ he had never seen before.A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl二、翻译句子。(1)山顶上矗立着一座古庙。_(2)我们公司门前流淌着一条干净、清澈的小溪。_(3)大雨倾盆而下。_(4) 老师走了进来。 _(5)来了一辆汽车！ _(6)他来了！_3.【教材原句】(1)Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago.（P42）(2) When I walked around the city, I saw streets just as they had been, . （P42）【句法分析】(1) 用作连词：As he didnt know much English, he got out his dictionary and looked up the word._He is not as diligent as you. _He sang as he walk. _Young as he is, he knows a lot. _(2) 用作关系代词，引导定语从句：Well make such computers as are needed in different branches of science._As everybody knows, all that glitters is not gold. _(3) 用作介词：As a singer, he is a success. _(4) 固定短语：as a matter of fact _as result _as a result of. _as long as _as far as _as follows _as well as _【即时巩固14】With _ she needed _, she left the supermarket with her mother happily.A. all, bought B. something, to be bought C. all, buying D. everything, to buy5.【教材原句】It seemed that nothing could stop him from taking control of the entire world.(P58)It seemed that more glory was waiting ahead of him. (P58)【句法分析】上面两句可转换成：Nothing seemed to be able to stop him from taking control of the entire world.More glory seemed to be waiting ahead of him.【即时巩固15】句型转换(1) It seems that he has known the truth._(2) It seems that a new supermarket will be built here._(3) It seems that there is someone spying on me._【M3U3参考答案】核心词汇一、根据句意及中文提示写出所缺单词的完全形式，1. civilization 2. materials 3. erupted 4. gradually 5. commercial6. aware 7. ceremony 8. judges 9. declare 10. fortunate重点句式【自主归纳】(1) for (2) arrange for sb to do sth【即时巩固1】(1)Weve arranged for the car to pick you up at 9 oclock.(2) Weve arranged for her to look after the child.词汇-2. destroy【例句研读】翻译下列各句，注意黑体字在意思上的区别。(1) 那个城市在火山喷发中被毁掉了。(2) 大雨损坏了好多房子。(3) 那场官司把我给毁了，我现在破产了。【即时巩固2】C词汇-5. ahead【自主归纳】写出上面四个句中ahead 的不同意思。(1) (时间、空间)在前面，向前(2) 提前，预先 (3) 占优势，领先 (4) go ahead进行，开始，去干吧，去做吧【即时巩固6】根据汉语提示，完成句子。(1)m (well) aware that (2) be made aware of词汇-7. take over【例句研读】翻译下列句子。(1) 他在二月份接任了前任校长的工作。(2) 他就职的那家公司最近被并购了。【自主归纳】写出take的相关短语。(1)off, (2)on, (3)out, (4) to, (5)up, (6)in, (7) back, (8)与.相像，(9)for, (10)认为.是当然的【即时巩固7】(1) A(2) B(3) A词汇-8. turn out【例句研读】翻译句子。(1)这个政党结果非常成功。(2)结果他们小时候她就认识他了。【自主归纳】(1)turn out (to be).; (1)It turns out that-clause (3) off/on (4)翻身，反复考虑，翻(书页)，翻转；(5)结果是；(6) down; (7)7turn up；(8) turn in; (9)上下翻转；(10)轮流做某事二、重点句型梳理（含重点语法）：1【即时巩固11】一、单项选择(1) A (2)D3.【句法分析】(1) 由于他不懂多少英语，他拿出字典查了这个单词。他不如你勤奋。他一边走一边唱。尽管年轻，他却懂得很多。(2) 我们将制造出科学的各部门所需要的那种计算机。 大家都知道，闪光的东西并不都是金子。(3) 作为一名歌手，他是成功的。(4) 实际上；结果是；因为；只要；就.而言；和，也【即时巩固13】D D4.【句法分析】(1)这位男士走在街上，腋下夹着一本书。(2)开着窗子，我们能听到外面的噪音。(3)很少有人开灯睡觉，我们大多数人都睡觉时关灯。(4)他离家了，妻子十分伤心。你不可以把脚翘起对着别人坐。(6)问题解决后，他们又回去工作了。(7)因为有很多工作要做，这个男孩不能出去玩。【即时巩固14】A5【即时巩固15】句型转换(1) He seems to have known the truth. (2) A new supermarket seems to be built here. (3) There seems to be someone spying on me.单元知识综合练第一部分 基础知识训练（一）单词拼写（二）单项填空1. The plan we had hoped to see was cancelled.A. carry out B. to carry onC. carried out D. carry on2. The father as well as three children skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A. is going B. goC. goes D. are going3. In the busiest season the farmers are seen their tractors from morning till night.A. to have, workingB. have, workedC. have, workingD. had, worked4. Johns sister his brothers has a hobby of collecting stamps.A. andB. orC. as well as D. either5. The teacher and writer to give us a speech, which is very inspiring.A. have come B. has comeC. have been coming D. has been coming6. When he awoke, he found himself in the hospital and by an old woman.A. lying, being looked afterB. lying, be looking afterC. lie, be looked afterD. lie, being looked after7.Mr.Li was made _ manager of the company to _ the duties of Mr.Zhang, who was retiring soon.A. a, take upB. a, take over C./,take upD./,take over8.The house was completely _ by fire.A. damagedB. destroyed C. causedD. beaten9. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line.A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to goD. risk going10. She _ an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.A. turned down B. dealt with C. took after D. came across（三）根据方框内所给短语的适当形式完成句子Aon condition that in honour of neithernor strange as it may soundstand in ones path come down with be buried alive take over 1. You may borrow the computer _ you do not lend it to anyone else.2. Zhidan, a county in the Shanxi province, was named _ Liu Zhidan who gave his life to the liberation of our country.3. _, his suggestion was accepted by all the people present at the meeting.4. As a whole, the climate in Jiangsu is _ too hot _ too cold, so its good for growing all kinds of crops.5. Jonathan is running for chairman of the board. He is willing to do anything to defeat those who _.6.Jane _ a cold and was absent from school yesterday.7. Mr Smith will go abroad on business. Who do you think will _ the company?8. Many Chinese people _ when the Japanese army invaded China.Bhave enough of rise up against in many cases grow tired ofno doubt for free be aware of think of .as.1. During the American Civil War, a great many blacks _ their owners and fought together with the northern troops.（四）语法填空（用所给动词的恰当时态填空）1. What he has said and what he has done _ with each other. (agree)2. She, and not you, _ going to speak at the meeting. (be)3. Many a boy _ fond of playing football. (be)4. No teacher and no student _ to have classes on Sunday now. (agree)5. Bamboo, like a tree, _ tall and straight where it is warm and wet. (grow)6. Among the boys, one or two _ able to jump 1.6 metres. (be)7. 70 percent of the farmers _ their living conditions recently. (improve)8. He is one of the boys who often _ to school on foot. (come)9. Theres an old man and a young man in the room now. The old _ the father of the young. (be)10. Twenty dollars _ enough to buy the book. (be)第二部分 能力运用（一）完型填空1. A. received B. rewritten C. returned D. reread2. A. record B. promise C. friendship D. secret3. A. an example B. a lesson C. an experience D. a talk4. A. through B. together C. along D. away5.A. brothers B. children C. fellows D. classmates6. A. normal B. necessary C. pleasant D. possible7. A. deepen B. start C. express D. settle8. A. toured B. stopped over C. reached D. moved to9. A. lost B. kept in C. needed D. got in10.A. think B. write C. enjoy D. read11.A. driven B. beaten C. surprised D. honored12. A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. once13. A. realized B. judged C. thought D. expected14. A. well B. often C. much D. soon15. A. later B. anyhow C. too D. again16. A. us B. anyone else C. someone D. my brother17. A. mail services B. transport services C. phones D. relatives18. A. poor B. easy C. popular D. busy19. A. believe B. decide C. argue D. forget20. A. habit B. choice C. method D. plan（二）阅读理解请认真阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。AWhen I was six, Dad brought home a dog one day, who was called “Brownie”, My brothers and I all loved Brownie and did different things with her. One of us would walk her, another would feed her, then there were baths, playing catch and many other games .Brownie, in return, loved each and every one of us. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them. We always felt better when she was around.One day, as I was getting her food, she chewed up(咬破) one of Dads shoes, which had to be thrown away in the end. I knew Dad would be mad and I had to let her know what she did was wrong. When I looked at her and said, “Bad girl.” She looked down at the ground and then went and hid. I saw a tear in her eyes.Brownie turned out to be more than just our family pet. She went everywhere with us. People would stop and ask if they could pet her. Of course shed let anyone pet her. She was just the most lovable dog. There were many times when wed be out walking and a small child would come over and pull on her hair. She never barked (吠) or tried to get away. Funny thing is she would smile. This frightened people because they thought she was showing her teeth. Far from the truth, she loved everyone.Now many years have passed since Brownie died of old age. I still miss the days when she was with us.BWhen youre lying on the white sands of the Mexican River, the stresses (压力) of the world seem a million miles away. Hey. stop! This is no vacation - you have to finish something!Here lies the problem fat travel writer and food critic (评论家) Edie Jarolim. I always loved traveling and always liked to eat, but it never occurred to me that I could make money doing both of those things. Jarolim said. Now you can read her travel advice everywhere-in Arts and Antiques, in Brides, or in one of her three books. The Complete Idiot Travel Guide to Mexicos Beach Resorts.Her job in travel writing began Some eight years ago. After getting a PhD in English in Canada, she took a test for Frommers travel guides, passed it, and got the job. After working at Frommers, Jarolim worked for a while at Rough Guides in London, then Fodors, where she fell so in love with a description of the Southwest of the U.S. that she moved there.Now as a travel writer, she spends one-third of her year on the road. The rest of the time is spent completing her tasks and writing reviews of restaurants at home in Tucson, Arizona.As adventurous as the job sounds, the hard part is fact-checking all the information. Sure, its great to write about a tourist attraction, but youd better get the local (当地的) museum hours correct or you could really ruin someones vacation.（三）任务型阅读请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格的空格处里填人最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格填1个单词。At the beginning of the twentieth century, many people thought that the American family was falling apart. A century later, we know that this was not the case. However, although the family is still alive in the United States, its size and shape were very different 100 years ago.In the late 1800s and early 1900s, there were mainly two types of families in the United States: the extended and the nuclear. The extended family usually includes grandparents, parents, and children living under the same roof. The nuclear family consists of only parents and children.Today there are many different kinds of families. Some people live in “traditional” families, that is, a stay-home mother, a working father, and their own biological children. Others live in two-paycheck families, single-parent families, adoptive or foster families, blended families (where men and women who were married before marry again and combine the children from previous marriages into the new families），childless families, and so on.What caused the structure of the family to change? In the early 1900s the birthrate began to fall and