高考英语语法 非谓语动词练习（无答案）

归纳15分钟搞定非谓语动词（含原创习题）NOTICE：记住词性及在句中所承担的语法成分 (非限定性动词相当于n. adj. adv. 的用法，具体如下)。1. 动名词( doing ) : n. adj. (其中动名词有四种形式即：一般式的主动形式(doing): n. adj. ，一般式的被动形式(being done): n. adj.，完成式的主动形式(having done): n.，完成式的被动形式(having been done): n. ) Notice:当完成式起名词作用时可与一般式互换,此种类型常跟在介词(for,after,upon,on,about,without,with,etc.)后。即:having done = doing ,having been done = being done ,如:Im sorry for . , Im upset about having been punished / being punished by my teacher。常与时态连考(一般式,完成式) 。常考主动表被动，表示需要做/该做. : require / want / need / deserve.doing = require / want / need / deserve. to be done ，值得做：be (well) worth doing = be worthy to be done / of being done.与there be句型连考。与某些特殊句型连考。2. 不定式( to do ): n. adj. adv. Notice: to do表示意想不到的结果状语,常与Only连用。其进行时无被动 (其理论上是有“进行时”的被动的，但极少用或为了使句子更加简洁，所以有的语法书上就干脆说，其“进行时”是无被动的)。 in order / so as to do表目的时,其否定形式不能用not in order / so as to do ,而必须用in order / so as not to do。常考too.to do.作结果状语（A. too + adj./adv.(多表性质，特征) + to do.“太.而不能”，主语可为人可为物，起消极作用；B.（not/never/only/all/but.）+ too + adj./adv.(表示乐意，愿意，容易等，如：eager,glad,easy,happy,pleased,etc.) + to do.时，“too”相当于“very”,“to do”不表示结果而表原因,主语多为人，且起积极作用；C. 句型：“not too.to do.”表肯定，译为：“不太.可以.” ； “too.not to do.”表双重否定，译为：“太.不能不.”）。可与wh-/how连用 。常考主动表被动。表示过去本想做而没有做:V-ed +to have done = had done to do,would like / love to have done 。常跟不带to的不定式(如，表示“别无选择或不得不做.”:cannot but do ,cannot help but do ,cannot choose but do ,etc.)。 to的省略:(如: besides ,but ,except 的前有do后省to,及其他形式的省略)。 常与时态连考（一般式,完成式）（常考句型: Its said /believed/reported.that +主语+其他=主语+be+said/believed/reported.to do/to be doing /to have done/to have been doing）。与there be句型连考。与某些特殊句型连考。3. 分词( V-ing 表主动进行/ V-ed 表被动完成 ): adj. adv. Notice: 由于完成式无adj.形式，所以在(限)定从的省略中完成式是不能做定语的，即无:having done的形式（但可作非限定性定语，也常被称为作状语或提于句首）,但可用done来代替having done/having been done。常与定语从句的省略连考。 Being done/ Having been done作状语时的用法：A.“Being done”表示“(当时)正在被”相当于“When done”或“(当时)存在 / 伴随的状态”。B.在Having been done中:a. 若中文出现“后”“已经”等（字眼/时间状语）（英文却又没有给出如：“many/several times/years”等） ，则最好加上“Having been” b. 若中英文都没有给出明确的（已完成）的时间状语，则最好不加“Having been” c. 若中英文都没有明确的时间状语，但句意中的时间先后性极强，则最好加上“Having been” d 若英文中出现：many/several times ,etc. 则一定要加上“Having been”。（独立主格中也是如此）C.“Having been done”侧重于表动作被动的先后顺序；而“done”除了表被动外，还表(已完成的)状态。常考V-ing作结果状语，其前可加thus,thereby。作状语时可转化为对应的状语从句(伴随状语除外)，且常与时态连考(一般式,完成式)。若强调时间，对比，转折关系时，则连词最好不要省(如:作条件状语时，若有连词unless ,则unless不能省,作让步状语时，若有连词though ,则也不要省)。表示感官/感觉/使役/致使动词(hear,feel,find,notice,see,keep,set,make,have,get,wish,leave,watch,imagine,etc.)+sb/sth+分词,其中如何选择V-ing/V-ed作宾补，要注意以下三个方面:A.make,wish,want(特殊)后通常跟done作宾补（ Notice： want其宾补要注意以下几种情况：（not） want sb / sth (to be) done（被动）(常用) / doing（主动）（want前常带有否定词not）。区别(not) want sb / sth to do与want sb (not) to do .句型：make sb/sth do ; make oneself done ）。B.set 后常用doing作宾补。(eg: His question has set me thinking deeply ) 。C.作宾补的分词若表示“正在被”，则前面要加being。短暂性动词的V-ing不可作定语(eg: A. Most of the people being invited to the party were famous scientists ；B. Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists )。 being + adj.不可作后置定语。注意区别与动名词的说(叫)法和用法。 4. 非谓语动词的四种复合结构 ( 由于有些非谓语动词的施动者不是主句的主语，则要添加其逻辑主语防止产生歧义。一般来说，逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者(它们在逻辑上存在着主谓关系或动宾关系)，所以必定能在所在分句中找到，否则就会被视为语法错误。但是，有的逻辑主语却允许不表示出来: 如，无依着(悬垂/垂悬)分词（通常暗含主语为：you ,he ,we ,it ,they ,one ,etc.在不影响句意(即给出语境)的情况下是可以被接受的 ，若在无语境的情况下，则常会引起歧义是不能被接受的。另外悬垂结构通常出现在科技，新闻等文章杂志上，不鼓励在学习中使用） ，被约定俗成的习惯用语(如：judging from / by ,according to ,etc.)。等): 动名词的复合结构，不定式的复合结构，分词的复合结构(独立主格结构)，With 的复合结构（）。 动名词的复合结构:逻辑主语有生命:形容词性物主代词/名词s动名词。逻辑主语无生命:代词普通格/n.动名词. ( Notice: 若逻辑主语虽表示有生命，但表示的是一类人时,不用;若复合结构在句中作宾语(表示有生命的人或物)时也可用;有多个逻辑主语并列时,不用;逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词时,不用) 。 不定式的复合结构: for / of sb to do 分词的复合结构(独立主格结构): n. / pron.(主格) +分词/n./adj./adv./to do/介词短语 With的复合结构（）: With + O + OC (V-ing/V-ed/n./adj./adv./to do./介词短语) (其中,V-ing表示主动进行,V-ed表示被动完成,to do表示将来,adj./adv.表示状态,介词短语表示位置.) ( Notice:“OC”的形式通常根据其前的“O”来定（尤其“OC”是“V-ed”，“V-ing”的形式），但“to do”除外。with复合结构中的纯净结构。Without后跟动名词的复合结构,因为Without是介词).总的来说：动名词：n. adj.（Notice:一般式：n. adj.；完成式：n.）to do：n. adj. adv.分词（现在分词 / 过去分词）：adj. adv.（Notice:一般式：adj. / adv. 完成式：adv.）经典例题: 单项选择He was busy writing a story ,only _ once in a while to make a cigarette.A. to stop B. stopping C. to have stopped D. having stoppedIt isnt cold enough for there _ a frost tonight ,so I can leave Jims car out quite safely.A. would be B. being C. was D. to beTheres no _ what he is going to do.A. tell B. telling C. told D. to tell“Do you have any clothes _ today ?” the maid said.A. washing B. to wash C. to be washing D. to be washed5. The mothers saw their children well _ at the nursery.A. taking care of B. take care of C. to be taken care of D. taken care ofIn order not to be disturbed ,I spent three days _ up in my study.A. lock B. locked C. locking D. to lock7. Please remain _ to accept the fellowship .A. stood B. standing C. to stand D. standAs the light turned green ,I stood for a moment ,not _ ,and asked myself what I was going to do.A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being movedA young woman saw a pair of fashion boots in a shop that set her heart _ .But the price was far beyond her means.A. to race B. racing C. race D. racedId love _ the party night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having goneUnder the environment of fierce competition ,the only way John could imagine _ stress was to get tougher via making greater efforts.A. handling B. handled C. of handling D. having handledSometimesnewideashavetobetestedmanytimesbefore_. A.acceptingfully B.beingfullyacceptedC.fullyaccepting D.fullybeingacceptedWhile watching television ,_ .A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings_ the doorbell ,the little girl jumped out of the couch and went to open for her father.A. Hearing B. Having heard C. Heard D. To hearThe old man ,_ so badly ,almost lost his memory.A. hurting B. having been hurt C. being hurt D. to be hurt 单句改错。Attention：单句改错改错时改“错”，而不是把句中的表达法改成另外的表达形式。很多人对这个概念比较模糊。把原句中并没有错的形式改成了自己认可的另外一种形式，虽然改后的表达法也是对的，但这样做偏离了这类题型的答题要求，因而也不能得分。下面每句话中有一处错误，错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。（修改后不改变句子意思）增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。1. Such / That is the case,wed better make another plan .2. We cant imagine there is such a big library in th