高考英语一轮复习 Unit17—Unit18知识要点聚焦

Unit 17Unit 18知识要点聚焦1 重点词汇单词：disability, ability, waste, fair, potential, gifted, assist, sympathy, encouragement, visual, adjust, victory, participate, conduct, accessible, patent, officer, background, reject, possibility, otherwise, connection, previous, aware, dusty, pilot短语：get around, get about, get used to, allow for, get stuck, break away from, be aware of, trial and error, after all, keep track of2. 重点句型He bought his girlfriend flowers. =He bought flowers for his girlfriend.A desktop computer is a computer which is designed for use on a desk.Mozart, whose music is popular all over the world, showed his talent in music at a very young age.I enjoy visiting places where the hotels are cheap and people are friendly.3. 交际用语I probably couldnt .If I . I would be able to .I would try to .The invention can help people.The new invention will make it possible for people to .重点考点精释1 Potential n. 潜能；潜力 adj. 潜在的；可能的People now believe that we use only 1% of our brains full potential.She has artistic potential as a musician.She was the first to realize the potential danger of their situation.The film is likely to be a potential best seller.2. launch vt. 首次开设；发起；开始；发射The company launched several branches in the satellite cities.Of five landing missions launched in 1965, all five failed.They launched a fierce attack against their enemies.The company has launched an expansion program.They launched a new satellite into space.3. challenge v. & n. 向某人挑战； 对提出异议Teaching young children is a challenging and rewarding job.Our school challenged the local champion team to a football much.Dare you challenge her view?So teaching gives me peace, variety and challenge.4. impair vt. 损害；损伤The illness had impaired his ability to think and concentrate.A lifetime spent with animals has greatly impaired his speech.注意 impair 常用过去分词与visually/hearing/mentally/physically 等单词搭配，表示“视力、听力、智力、身体”等方面受“损伤”而有障碍：Bell had a more than casual interest in this，for he himself was hearing impaired.5. motivate vt激发；使有动力 Motivate n .motivate n. to do The profit-sharing plan is designed to motivate the staff to work hardWe may never know what motivated him to kill his wife.注意motivated也可用作形容词，表示“有积极性的”：We need to work effectively and be highly motivated6. adjust v调整；调节adjust to n. /doing adjust n.adjust sb./ sth to. . . be adjusted to.It took a few seconds for her eyes to adjust to the darknessMy parents had trouble adjusting to living in an apartment.After accession into WTO government should adjust its functionsHe adjusted himself very quickly to the heat of the country.When you go to a new country，you must adjust yourself to new manners and customsThey learned to adjust their farming habits to the climate and soil there.辨析adapt/adjustAdapt 侧重多方位全面的或心理社会等因素的大幅“协调”；adjust程度弱些，侧重事物物理因素的“调整，调节”：He adapted/adjusted himself to the cold weather.The desks and seats can be adjust to the height of each child.7. participate vi.参加，参与（in）Participate in sth. She actively participates in local politicsHow many countries will be participating in the Olympic Games?8 ability n.能力；才能 the ability to doI a man of abilityI have great ability in He had the ability to do the workShe has great ability in teaching physics.9. assist v帮助；援助Assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事Assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事Assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事The headmasters deputy assists with a lot of things.You will be required to assist Mrs Smith in preparing a reportThe president assisted the teachers to get better paid.10. sympathy n同情，同感Express sympathy for/towards 对表示同情Feel/have sympathy for 同情In sympathy with 同情；赞成；和一致Out of sympathy with 对不同情；不赞成；和不一致Win sympathy of 博得的同情A letter of sympathy 慰问信The premier expressed sympathy for the workers out of a jobI have been a prisoner，so I have a lot of sympathy with other people in prison.Now they are all in sympathy with the travel plan11reject vt拒绝；抛弃He rejected their invitationWe rejected his idea for a music club，and decided to have an art club instead.They rejected damaged goods.辨析refuse与reject两者都有“拒绝”之意，refuse不仅可用来拒绝别天的请求和要求，而且还可用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮助；其后能跟不定式；reject不能用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮助，其后不能跟不定式。He refused the invitation from John.He refused to believe what I said.12Aware adj. 知道的；意识到的Be aware of 了解的；知道的Be aware that 从句We must be aware of the whole circumstancesAre you aware of the fact that this is Chinas internal affair.We are well/fully aware that these days are gone for ever.Are you aware what we shall do this afternoon?Im quite aware how you are feeling now注意afraid, ashamed, asleep，awake等形容词一般不能由程度副词very修饰，而需要用不同的副词修饰不同的形容词：very much/deadly afraid., sound asleep, wide awake，well/fully/quite aware13. break away from 摆脱，脱离；去掉；改掉The criminal broke away from the two policemen who were holding him.You must break away from such bad habits.Break down 坏掉，打破break into 闯入；打断（话题）Break into pieces 成为碎片break out 爆发Break through 突围；突破 break up 分解14. attempt vt . n试图；尝试 Attempt n.Attempt to doIn attempt to doMake an attempt to do/at doingHe attempted the examination but failed.The enemy attempted to break through our lines.I attempted walking until I fell over.We failed in our attempt to climb the mountain高考样题例释1（2020年全国）The forest-guards often find camp fires that have not been completely.A. turned down B. put outC. put away D. turned over【解析】答案为B。 put out the fire扑灭火.2.（2020年全国）News reports say peace talks between the two countries with no agreement reachedAhave broken down Bhave broken outChave broken in Dhave broken up【解析】答案为A。题干所提供的语意为：和谈失败，而未达成任何协议，故选用break down，意为“受挫，失败”。3（2020年全国）I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her.一 It was her fault.A. No way BNot possibleC. No chance D. Not at all【解析】答案为A。根据会话的语境，尤其是答话人所说的It was her fault.可以判断出答案为A，表示答话人决不打电话向Jenny道歉。No way意为“没门儿，无论如何也不”。单选高考模拟1. Are you good at painting beautiful pictures? .A. Yes, its a piece of cake!B. Yes，but that downt mean everythingCOh，its nothing special actually.D. Id like nothing better.2. Are you sure he is able to do the job well? he would give his mind to itA. In case B. UntilC. If only D. Unless3 It sounds reasonable, but I think my own way is better.Youll have nothing to by refusing to listen to our advice.A. gain B. grasp C. seize D. earn4You dont have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you on business first.A. would go B. will goC. went Dhave none5. Ann will be sent abroad very soon.She never dreams of such a chance.A. being B. there to beB. there be D. there being6. The nurse treated the naughty boy very kindly, but her patience at last.A. went down B. used up C. got away D. gave out7. Did you enjoy yourself at the party?Sorry to say I didnt. It was a meeting than a party.A.more like B. rather like C. less like D. more or less8. Are you satisfied with his work, sir?Well, Im afraid it couldnt be .A. any better B. the bestB. any worse D. the worst9. If you go to Xian, youll find the palaces there more splendid than commonly .A. supposed B. suppose C. to suppose D. supposing10. Its time to stop work. Lets the tools and for the night in the woods.A. put into; put on B. put down; put offC. put away; put up D. put aside; put out全真模拟训练一、 单项填空1The boys parents gave Tom 30 dollars as a(n) for saving their son from the fire.A. award B. reward C. prize D. gift2. I have a lot fo for his opinions, but I dont think his ideas will work.A. sympathy B. sympathies C. fun D. joys3. , you are right, but I dont know all the facts.A. After all B. Above all C. In a sense D. Meaningfully4. Although she may be troubled, she always a calm smiling face.A. performs B. takes in C. presents D. lights up5. If you want to play the piano well, youll have to every day.A. labour B. exercise C. practice D. repeat6. The soldiers were put in prison because they to obey orders.A. effused B. rejected C. denied D. objected7. In senior high school, she did well in five subjects, , Chinese, maths, physics, chemistry and English.A. namely B. such as C. for example D. it is8. After a long delay, he the letter. Which of the following is NOT correct to fill in the blank?A. got around to writingB. set out to writeC. set about writingD. got about writing9He is working hard all day long，which will surely his success in the future.A. lead greatly to B. contribute greatly toClead greatly up to D. contribute greatly for10He is of success.A. likely B. likeC. probable D. possible11The old man from town to town with nowhere to go and nothing to do.A. hunted Bset footC. floated D. fought against12They their home in the countrysideA. lied B. were lyingClocated Dwere located13Its knowledge among politicians that an election will soon be called.A. usual B. commonC. ordinary D. precious14How is their business going?Oh，its becoming better and better day by day. Theyve decided to a new clerk in the accounts department.A. take away B. take offC. take in D. take on15The rope began to under the heavy load.A. cut off B. separateC. break down D. break into pieces二、完形填空Some plays are so successful that they run for years on endIn many ways，this is 1 for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same 2 night after night. One would 3 them to know their parts by heart and 4 have cause to falter(结巴）Yet 5 is not always the case.A famous actor in a 6 successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat (nobleman) 7 had been imprisoned in Bastille for twenty years. In the last act, a gaoler(监狱长）would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner. 8 the noble was expected to read the letter at each 9 ，he always insisted that it should be written out in full.One night，the gaoler decided to play a joke 10 his colleague to find out if，after so many performances，he had managed to learn the 11 of theletter by heartThe curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed（使显露）the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cellJust then，the gaoler 12 with the precious letter in his hands. He entered the 13 and presented the letter to the aristocrat. But the copy he gave him had not been written out in 14 as usual. It was simply a blank sheet paper. The gaoler looked on eagerly， 15 to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines. The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. Then, squinting（眯着眼看）his eyes, he said, “The light is 16 . Read the letter to me.” And he promptly hand the sheet of paper to the gaoler. 17 that he could not remember a word of the letter either，the gaoler replied，“The light is indeed dim, sir. I must get my 18 .” With this, he hurried off the stage. Much to the aristocrats 19 , the gaoler returned a few moments later with a pair of glasses and the 20 copy of the letter which he proceeded( 继续进行)to read to the prisoner.1. A. fortunate B. unfortunateC. happy D. unhappy2. A. lines B. wordsC. plays D. roles3. A. want B. askC. expect D. wish4. A. always B. neverC. sometimes D. often5. A. such B. the thingC. one D. this6. A. highly B. highC. Poorly D. poor7. A. where B. whatC. which D. who8. A. Because B. Even thoughC. When D. Though9. A. play B. performanceC. role D. case10. A. with B. inC. on D. to11. A. pages B. jokeC. lines D. contents12. A. appeared B. disappearedC. came out D. came in13. A. room B. cellC. stage D. office14. A. English B. FrenchC. order D. full15. A. worried B. surprisedC. anxious D. afraid16. A. bright B. dimC. dark D. out17. A. To see B. To findC. Seeing D. Finding18. A. glasses B. linesC. light D. letters19. A. surprise B. satisfactionC. anger D. amusement20. A. usual B. oldC. unusual D. new三、阅读理解AAre you forty years old aridfat? Do you wear fine clothes? Do you look rich? If so, be carefulThere is a pickpocket looking for you. World travelers，away from home and usually carrying much money，are often troubled by pickpockets in foreign countries，but they should remember that there are pickpockets in their own country，tooA typical（典型的）pickpocket is under forty years of age, Usually a male. He has nimble（灵敏的）fingers and has trained himself in running. Generally，he carries a newspaper or magazine in his handHe may appear fairly clever and pretend to be calmHe has learned his job from another pickpocket, and he repays his teacher by giving him a percentage of the money or things which he stealsThe good pickpocket always operates in crowded placesVery well dressed men and slightly drunken men are the favorite objects of the pickpocketAn average-sized department store hires about six or seven fulltime detectivesThese men and women are constantly looking for pickpockets and thieves. Many police districts have detectives whose only job is to catch the pickpockets quickly. But a good .pickpocket knows these，things and is very carefulHe is especially bust on buses，trains and subways between 11： 30amand 3：OOPmwhen there are many shoppers with much money to spendHe carefully remembers the payday and bonus（津贴）times of companiesPick pocketing and stealing from a shop together represent about 75of daytime petty crime in America. The sentence for these crimes is usually from three to five years in prisonAfter finishing their sentence，pickpockets and thieves seldom reform；they usually advance to more serious crimes1If a pickpocket is caught in America，he will be Afined heavilyBbeaten and then set freeCsent to a reform campDsent to prison for three to five years2According to the author，a pickpocket, will most probably after he leaves the prison.Acommit（犯）more serious crimesBwork hard to make up for what the has doneCchange and improve greatlyDdo everything more carefully3The job of the detectives in a department store is Ato find out information about thievesB. to help the policeCto get the department store in good orderDto find and catch pickpockets and thieves4The author is attempting to .Atell us how pickpockets steal thingsBhelp us to learn some pickpockets skillsCwarn us against pickpocketsDprove himself to be a good detectiveBUnconscious(无知觉的facial面部的）expressions and“body language” often give information to other people. Many, peoples “hidden” emotions are actually quite visible to anyone who knows how to read peoples facesSome reactions are so widespread in all cultures that there seems to be a physical basis（基础）for them. All people react in the same way to certain exciting situations by breathing more rapidly and experiencing increased heart ratesFacial expressions of basic emotions；such as anger，surprise，and excitement, appear to be universal（普遍的）Other reactions are not so universalMany，but not all，people respond to an embarrassing situation by blushing（when the face and neck turn bright red). Some people show that they are bored by growing less active and becoming sleepy or inattentiveOthers respond to boring situations by becoming more active and showing such physical signs as jiggling feet or wiggling fingersBut for other people, such reactions may be united signs of nervousness or anxiety， not boredom.There are not only differences in this “silent language” between different people，but there are also important differences between culturesCertain kinds of“silent language” give one particular message in one culture， but a conflicting message in another culture. For example，eye contact has very different meanings in different cultures. In American culture，if someone is shifty eyed while talking，it means that he or she is dishonest and cannot be trusted But in many Asian cultures avoiding eye contact is a sign of Politeness and respect. Mistaken body language can often result in Even more misunderstanding than using the wrong word or incorrect grammar.5Which of the following is most probably an unconscious facial expression?AJiggling feet or wigging fingersBWaving ones handCBlushing. DShouting angrily.6It is good manners while talking in America.Anot to look directly into the listeners eyesBto look directly into the listeners eyesCnot to be attentiveDto avoid eye contact7According to the text，people probably react to the same situationAin the same wayB. in different waysC. in a universal wayDeither in the same way or in different ways8The word“conflicting”appears in the, last paragraph, and“conflict”can also be，used as a nounFor example，the two companies are into conflictIt means “the two companies .”Adeal in different businessesBbas been similar with each other in many waysChas had a serious disagreement about something importantDdo businesses in different ways9. What can we learn from the text about “body language” or“silent language”？AIt is also very important means of communicating.BIt is even more important than speech or writingCIt is quite difficult to understand.DIt gives different messages in different situations.CA famous Renoir had been stolen from a museumDetective Earl Blackman was to word on the caseEveryone was in the dark before an art professor came to