2020高考英语复习 学法探究专项指导 听力2

2020高考英语复习 学法探究专项指导 听力2 编者按：听力的重要性（1）现实要求听、说、读、写是人类进行正常的语言交际所必备的基本技能。无论从语言进化的角度还是从语言交际的现实来看，听力理解在人类语言交际中发挥着至关重要的作用。从语言习得角度看，人类对语言或语言成分的听辩是语言习得过程中的重要一步，而且听力理解能力对其它语言技能的获得和提高起着重要的作用。（2）课程标准要求正因为如此，英语课程标准按照基础教育阶段英语课程分级总体目标的要求，对语言技能进行了具体的描述：语言技能包括听、说、读、写等四个方面以及这四种技能的综合运用能力。（3）高考要求为了体现英语课程标准要求，在高考英语试卷中的第一个部分就是听力，占整个英语高考卷的1/5分值；由于听力长期以来是学生英语学习中的弱项，分值比例高，而且与语法、阅读等书面考试题型相比，听力考试具有极强的时间效应，听力过程不具备复制性，考生必须学会掌握一定的听力技巧，充分利用宝贵的每一分钟。多听是提高听力的前提，但如何去听，如何获得准确的信息，则就不是多听听能解决的问题了。多听是增强语感，提高听力之本，若再加上正确的听力方法，掌握必要的技巧及对策，则可获得事半功倍的效果。综上所述，听力的重要性不言而喻，有效的提高听力理解能力，掌握解题技巧是广大学生的当务之急。高考英语听力试题的具体特征1听力材料来源与英语国家的生活会话，具有明显的口语特征，听起来自然、真实，符合在非测试状态下英语口语在社会生活中运用的真实情景。2题材广泛，涉及英语国家日常生活的许多方面，有利于全面有效的检测考生在不同实际生活环境对所学语言的感悟和接受能力。3材料一般由10段左右的的对话和独白构成，总词数为800左右。除一些专有名词外，材料中没有生词。4题干和选项较为简短，各选项的长度、难度、结构基本一致。5答案分布均匀，各选项的答案总数接近平均值。6 语速一般为140-160wpm。高考听力试题的组成听力测试的主要形式有：对话理解，短文理解。对话理解是考查学生在一定语境或情景中所表现出的快速反应、推理判断能力；短文理解则是在此基础上考查学生对一个结构比较完整，意义相对连贯的语段的理解能力，是一种高层次、有难度的听力测试形式。高考听力测试的命题特点1.主旨大意题对话或独白总是围绕主旨或者中心思想展开。有时，主旨和要义比较明确；有时则贯穿整个对话或独白，需考生自己去归纳、概括。例1：What are the two speakers doing?A. Enjoying meeting each other B. Saying goodbye to each other.C Planning to see each other again.录音稿:M: Well, Id better be getting home. Its being great seeing you again.W: Oh, its nice seeing you, too.分析根据Id better be getting home 和its nice seeing you可判断是说话者是在告别，不难作出判断答案是B。例2：What are the speakers talking about?A. A child. B. A room. C. A patient.录音稿：W: Bill, thats a lovely painting in your room.M: Im glad you like it. Its a Christmas gift from my son.W: Well, its beautiful. Your son has very good taste.分析根据对话中的关键词Christmas gift可判断整个对话围绕这一话题展开，所以答案为C。例3：Whats the main topic of the speech?A. Sense of responsibility. B. Self-confidence. C. Patience.M: I grew up in a small town. My father raised chickens and ran a construction company. I was hardly 10 years old when my dad gave me the responsibility of feeding the chickens and cleaning up the stable. He believed it was important for me to have those jobs to learn responsibility.Then, when I was 22, I found a job in Nashville at a country music club called “The Nashville Palace.” I washed dishes and cooked from 4:00 pm to 9:00 pm and then went on stage and sang until 2:00 in the morning. It wasnt long before I became known as a singer cook. I had been rejected so many times by record companies that it was hard not to be discouraged. One night, a woman from a company named Warner Brothers Records came to hear me sing. When the show was over, we talked and then she left. I said to myself it was one more failure. But a few weeks later, I was told that they wanted to sign me to a record deal.Soon after, my first record came out. It sold over one million copies. My best efforts had gone into every job I ever held. It was the sense of responsibility that made me feel like a man, knowing I had done my best filled me with pride.分析这是一篇独白。说话者从一开始就提到父亲让他学会负责任，正是责任感使他遇到挫折时还是完成了演唱任务并取得了成功，最后说话者又再次强调了sense of responsibility 的作用，所以选A。2.事实细节题为了说明和解释主旨，对话或独白中需要一些具体信息，如时间、地点、人物、事件( who, what, which, when , where, how, why )等，这些信息对理解对话，把握对话主旨是不可缺少的内容，且在试题中占相当大的比例。这类题要求学生在听清，听懂信息的同时，还要对所听到的信息做简单的处理。有的也需要考生进行简单的计算。1) 关于人物、事件、地点的试题此类试题是考查较多的问题。它不是要考查主旨大意，而是根据对话获取细节信息，一般在对话中直接有答案。常见的提问方式有：Who? What? Which? Where?例4：Who is the man going to go boating with?A. Tom B. JohnC. The woman.录音稿：M: I hope itll be fine tomorrow. Im going boating with Tom?W: Oh, I think it will be fine.M: Are you sure?W: Yes. John told me he heard it on the radio.分析此题的主旨大意是讨论天气，但题目考查的是细节谁将和这位男士去划船？所以答案只能是A。例5：What gift will the woman probably get for Mary?A. A school bag.B. A record.C. A theatre.录音稿：W: Have you any idea what to buy for Marys birthday?M: Well, Ill get her a new school bag and I promised to take her to a film. What about you?W: Oh, I havent decided yet. Ill probably buy her that new music record as she likes it so much.分析本对话的主旨大意是讨论给Mary买生日礼物，但本题是考查细节：该女士会买什么礼物？根据对话，她虽未决定要买什么，但她说很可能会买那张唱片，所以选B。例6：What did the woman say about the weather?A. It was really very cold. B. It snowed in December. C. There was snow all winter.M: Was it very cold last winter?W: Not really. The temperature never dropped below freezing. There was a little snow in December around Christmas, but thats all.分析本对话的主题是讨论去年冬天的天气，但提问的是该女士所说的天气的具体内容。根据对话，女士说冬天不冷，只有十二月份圣诞左右下过雪，所以答案为B。例7： What is the mans favourite free-time activity?A. Watching TV.B. Reading a book. C. Listening to music.录音稿：W: Can you tell me what you are doing in the evening?M: Well, I like music. I listen to lot of pop music. But most of all I like watching TV. Its much better than reading a book.分析本对话的主题是讨论业余活动，三项活动都提到了，但最喜欢的是看电视，所以选A。例8：Where does the man come from?A. The UK. B. The USA.C. Russia.录音稿：W: You speak English quite well. Are you from the USA or the UK?M: Thank you, but Im from Russia. I have learned English for five years.分析根据对话，我们知道该男子来自于俄国，他英语说的好的原因是学英语已五年了。所以选C。2）关于时间、数字计算的试题：这类试题都涉及到一些数字，一般都要进行简单的运算。一方面，根据表示时间的关联词来判断事件发生的时间，如：before，after，then，until，later，immediately等。另一方面，此类题都会涉及不只一个数字，考生除了要听清楚数字外，还要注意一些常见短语如：double，half，dozen，one-third ,thirty percent，three times，penny，cent, etc.常见的提问方式有：When? What time? How old? How much? How many? 等等。例9：When can the book be borrowed from the library?A. In June.B. In July. C. In September.录音稿：W: That famous writers new book is coming out in June or July.M: We probably wont be able to find a library copy until September.分析根据对话中We probably wont be able to find a library copy until September.可知图书馆里有书要到九月份，所以选C。例10：What time is it now?A. 8:00 B. 7:50 C.8:10录音稿：M: I can come to your house and pick you up in half an hour.W: Good. That means youll be here at 8:40分析根据半个小时后是8:40，计算后知现在应为8:10，所以选C。例11：How much are the three books?A. $ 2.50 B. $ 1.75 C. $2.25录音稿：M: Ill take these books. Are they seventy-five cents each?W: These two books are, but this one is one dollar.分析根据对话，两本七十五分的应该是1.5元，再加上1元，应该选A。例12：How many students are there in the womans college?A. 1,590 B. 1,060 C. 530录音稿：How many students are there in your college?W: We had 530 three years ago. Now weve got twice that number.分析三年前是530人，现在是原来的两倍，所以答案应是B。3）关于原因、结果方面的试题这类问题主要对原因进行提问，常与文中表示原因的句子形成因果关系。因此要注意because，for，since，as，so that，in order to等引导的句子或短语。常见的提问方式有：Why.? Whats reason for ?等等。例13：Why will the woman stay home in the evening？A. To wait for a call.B. To watch a ball game on TV.C. To have dinner with a friend.录音稿：M: We could go to a ball game this evening, or, would you rather eat in a restaurant than see a film?W: To tell you the truth, I cant really go anywhere this evening, because I am expecting a very important phone call.分析根据对话中的回答because I am expecting a very important phone call可知该女士要等电话，所以选A。例14：Why isnt Helen present?A. She decided not to go. B. She forgot to come. C. She wasnt invited.录音稿：M: Helen isnt here yet. Did you forget to invite her？W: She was going to come, but then changed her mind.分析根据对话可知：她本想来，但后来改变了主意。所以答案为A。3、推理判断题1）关于人物关系、职业、身份的试题此类试题在对话中没有对人物身份、关系等作直接的说明，而是要根据对话中所提供的特定情境和谈话内容，对说话的人的身份、职业、关系进行推理判断，常见的提问方式有：Who is the man (woman)? Whats the job of the man? Whats the probable relationship between the two speakers? Whats the man/ woman? 以下是常见的对话者关系：husbandwife；teacherstudent；Bossemployee；waitercustomer；Doctorpatient；parentskid；Classmates；roommates；shop assistantcustomer等。例15：Whats the job of the man?A. He is a taxi driver. B. He is a conductor. C. He is a bus driver.录音稿：W: Do you think you can take me to the Grand Hotel in 30 minutes?M: It depends on whether the traffic is too heavy Anyhow, Ill try my best. Youve got enough time.W: How much should I pay?M: Er $12.75, please. Heres $15. Give me $ 1.00 back, please.分析根据对话中要求送到the Grand Hotel以及付12.75美圆可知，只有出租车才能这样做，所以选A。例16： Whats the relationship between the two speakers?A. Father and daughter. B. Strangers. C. Teacher and student.录音稿：M: Mary, where were you yesterday?W: I was here at school.M: Oh, really? But you were not here. You were absent.W: Sir, if you had already known that, why did you ask me?分析根据对话中出现的school，Sir等分析，对话应该是在师生之间展开的，所以选C。2）关于地点、方位的问题对话中经常并不直接出现说话的地点，而是要考生根据对话内容可判断说话人的谈话背景。此类试题常见的提问方式是：Where does the conversation take place? Where are the two speakers now? Where is the man going now? 常见的地点有：in a shop；in a restaurant；at a hotel；in the library；in the post office；at the airport；in the hospital；in the school；in the office等。例17：Where does the conversation take place?A. On a plane B. In a bus C. In a hospital录音稿：W: Im sorry, but there is no smoking on this flight.M: Oh, I didnt know that. Sorry.分析根据短语on this flight可判断是在飞机上，所以选A。例18：Where are the two speakers?A. At the mans house. B. In a restaurant. C. On a farm.录音稿：W: What would you like to have, sir?M: Well, Id like to have an apple juice and a chicken sandwich.分析根据第一句话可知是提供某种服务类型的人，第二句话里的an apple juice and a chicken sandwich，可判断是吃饭的地方，所以选B。例19：Where does the man want to go?A. Europe. B. The USA. C. Hong Kong.录音稿：M: We want to take the kids to Disneyland this summer holiday?W: Youre going to the USA? Or are you going to Europe?M: Not that far. There is a Disneyland in Hong Kong.分析对话中有好几个地点，但男子讲不去那么远，香港就有Disneyland，从而可判断应选C。3）推测、理解领会对话的观点、态度及意图这类考题要求考生不但能理解录音原文的主旨大意，而且还要通过文中的重要细节、具体事实，揣摩、推断说话者的意图、观点和态度等，这类题能测试出考生在听力方面的综合素质。常见的提问方式有：What does the man (woman) mean? What do we learn from the mans (womans) reply? How does the man feel? What does the man (woman) suggest ?例20：What does the woman mean?A. She doesnt like picnicking at all.B. She went on a picnic yesterday.C. She is very busy today.录音稿：M: Would you like to go on a picnic with me today?W: I dont think so. If I hadnt gone on a picnic yesterday, Id be very happy to go with you today.分析根据对话中的虚拟语气，我们可知昨天进行了野炊，所以选B。例21： What do you know from the conversation?A. The man had to work overtime. B. Henry failed to meet the manC. The man had a traffic accident录音稿：M: If the traffic wasnt so bad, I should have been home by six oclock.W: What a pity. Henry was here to see you.分析根据第一句本该六点钟到但未到（should have been home），第二句太遗憾了，Henry来看你的，用的是过去时态，所以可以判断答案为B。例22：How did the woman feel about the film?A. Interesting.B. Exciting. C. Dull.录音稿：M: Did you watch the midnight film last night?W: Yes, but I only watched part of it.M: I really liked it. I think it is really exciting.W: Exciting? I fell asleep during the film.分析根据对话，女生在说话时重复了exciting一词，表示不同意对方的意见，接着还说在看电影时睡着了，所以可断定她认为这电影Dull。例23：What does the man say about his drink?A. The drink is OK.B. The drink is not as good as expected.C. There is no soda in his drink.录音稿：W: Is your drink all right, sir?M: It could do with a little more soda.W: Just a minute.分析对话中没有直接说The drink is not so good，而是用了一个委婉的说法表明了自己的态度：需要再加一点苏打。所以答案是B。例24：(1) How does the man feel about Davids way of sleeping?A. Its effective. B. Its strange. C. Its the best.(2) What does the woman suggest at the end of the talk?A. People should develop a habit like Davids.B. People need longer hours of sleep.C. People have different sleeping habits.录音稿：M: How come David is always so full of energy?W: He has a strange but highly effective way of sleeping.M: What is that?W: He takes a short sleep for an hour every six hours and has a total of four hours of sleep each day.M: Where did he get that strange idea?W: He read from a book which said it was the best way for human beings, and he believed it.M: How many hours do you sleep a day?W: I need at least seven hours. I once tried to follow Davids example, but it never worked out for me.M: If I sleep during the day, I can never wake up.W: Not everyone is a David, I guess.分析第一题：对话中女士介绍了David的睡眠方式后，男士继续提出疑问：Where did he get that strange idea？所以可知他认为David的睡眠方式奇怪。第二题：此题要根据整个对话的内容判断才能得出结论：首先是女士对这种睡眠方式的尝试和结果：I once tried to follow Davids example, but it never worked out for me.然后男士的观点：If I sleep during the day, I can never wake up. 再根据最后一句Not everyone is a David，可判断答案为People have different sleeping habits.掌握答题技巧1.放松心情，做好预测很多考生可能有过这种经历，由于听力第一部分只播放一遍，加之开始不熟悉说话人的语音、语调和语速，而自己又不希望失掉一分，于是思想高度集中，心跳加快，精神紧张，这样反而丢掉开头的一分。因为丢掉一分，情绪不佳，导致接下来的几道题连连失手。针对这种情况，考生在考试开始时不妨自己做做深呼吸，放松心情，使自己处于最佳心理状态。如果万一某一句话听不明白，应该大大方方地放弃，以免影响后面的答题。听力测试的每段对话或讲话的考点都要集中在一些主要信息和重要细节上。考生应该在时间运用方面有超前意识，充分利用有限时间扫视或快速浏览试卷上的问题以及选项，从而确定是考查事件细节(如地点、时间、数字、职业、身份关系)，还是考查标题、中心思想，并推测听力材料的可能意向。做到事先有思想准备，再有的放矢地听，这样在听录音时就可以集中主要精力去捕捉问题所涉及的有关信息。例如：Whats the probable relationship between the two speakers?(A) Husband and wife.(B) Waiter and customer.(C) Student and teacher.分析根据听力试题,考生可以预测到该对话肯定是侧重于对话人的身份,所以在听力过程中抓住透露双方关系的关键词即可。再如：Who is Chris Paine?A. A computer engineer. B. A book seller.C. A writer.分析根据题干和选项可知该题是判断Chris Paine的职业。听录音时应把注意力放在有关职业的词语上。例3：What did the man want to do this weekend？A. Go to the cinema. B. Go on an outing. C. Surf the Internet.分析根据试题，我们知道这明显是考查细节的题目，我们要注意听对话中是不是有与cinema，outing，Internet相关的内容，还是直接提到这些活动安排。2.做好笔记，把握细节在听力材料较长，干扰项也较多的情况下，学会边听边做笔记尤为重要。考生应该用自己熟悉的符号来速记，将诸如年、月、日、星期、钟点、年龄、价码等数字和关键词尽量记下，并做好必要的换算，对于人名和地名可记下首字母或汉字，这些对于提高正确率大有帮助。高考听力的第二部分Longer Conversation所占时间较长，如果考生能够培养一定的速记技巧，有助于保持部分听力内容，帮助记忆。毕竟高考的长篇对话时间并不算太长，高三考生只要进行初级的入门速记锻炼，不必把听到的所有内容写下来，只要捕捉一些关键性问题即可，比如时间、地点、数字以及相关信息等等。考生可以尝试以下技巧：运用速记符号：例如：up ；down； left；right；=equal使用缩写符号：例如：PRC=Peoples Republic of China; e.g.= for example发明并运用字母的缩写形式考生可以在平时训练时，本着便于记忆、快速、容易联想的原则，发明一些只需自己明白的字母搭配来表示相应的信息。例如：mchs=machines; mfr=manufacturer通过运用这些字母和符号，帮助考生储存信息，帮助回忆。3.注意特殊句型，把握关键词1) 考生要注意转折、让步、否定和虚拟语气的特殊句型以及时态的转换，要学会透过转折和让步把握说话者的真正意图。表转折的常见词是“but”，一般来说听者尤其要注意but后的意思，这是整句的主要部分。其他表转折和让步意义的词还有：though，although，even though，even if，in spite of，despite，unless，instead of，however及whatever(=no matter what)之类引导让步状语从句的表达法。例如：M: Im thinking about joining a company basketball team. I was the star player in high school.W: Yeah, but that was twenty years ago, before we had married. Look, I dont want you having a heart attack running up and down the court.What does the woman mean?A. The man is good at playing basketball.B. The man used to be good at playing basketball.C. The man has never been good at playing basketball.分析根据对话，我们知道the man was the star player in high school，but it was twenty years ago，所以只能选B。另外，要注意一些表示否定意义的关键词、词组，如：no，not，never，seldom，hardly，doubt，neither，tooto，little，few，unhappy等。考生还应该了解，虚拟语气表示与事实相反，掌握虚拟语气的各种句型及在具体语境下的使用对理解听力材料很有帮助。例如：M: What do you think of my paper?W: The ideas are good. If I were you, though, Id rewrite the last two paragraphs to make it better.What does the woman think of the mans paper?A. It is not complete.B. The handwriting is very poor.C. Some parts of it arent well written.分析根据对话内容，该女士使用了虚拟语气，同时有表示让步的副词though，所以答案为C。2) 识别关键词的技巧透露说话人身份的关键词如果考生可以通过关键词很快判断对话者的关系和身份，将有助于考生有目的地集中注意力，并在脑海中搜索相关背景知识，进一步加深对听力材料的理解。例如：I just cant believe you are a police officer，Kay. I remember in high school, you always wanted to be a lawyer.如果考生意识到该对话中的关键词为in high school,那么他马上可以意识到这是两个老同学之间的对话。又例：Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to Universal Studio. Id like to guide you all the way in the amazing park and share the wonder