2020高考英语考前冲刺Ⅲ专题14 阅读理解

2020考前冲刺英语专题14 阅读理解 【高考预测】阅读理解是我们学习英语的主要目的之一，是我们获取外来信息的重要途径。阅读理解是综合读者各方面知识的过程，通过阅读能看出作者的主要意图和文章的基调；从有关资料中汲取有用的东西；对不重要情节或信息一带而过；根据阅读目的和材料的难易程度调整阅读速度和方法；根据作者的描述得出自己的结论；掌握并利用语境猜测词的多种含义的；根据阅读材料快速读懂图表；根据短文的内容填空等等。一、命题趋向1.阅读材料更趋向于真实性、实用性和教育性关注实际生活的选材特点在近年的NMET阅读理解试题中已经呈现出明显的增强趋势。这种趋势与当前基础教育的改革要求是一致的。中学生语言学习的根本目的应当与基础教育的根本目标一致，即:学会求知、学会做事、学会合作、学会做人。真实性和适用性选材是生感到陌生的短语。如B篇中有to look the otherway；E篇中的in the great majority of等。这些短语的出现在一定的程度上加大了难度，但符合考试说明的要求，也体现了语言学习的适用性和灵活性。5.填空题填空题则重在要求考生从文中获取信息，然后转述文章的内容，这不是抄袭照搬，它对运用语言提出了较高的要求。可以说，填空题的能力要求在阅读题之上。填空题是考查学生的阅读和书面表达的能力，复习的关键还是要加强基本功。二、提高阅读理解能力的途径1.平时多阅读。如英文报纸、杂志、读物，这样可以培养良好的阅读习惯，克服对生词的恐惧心理，从而达到提高阅读速度和阅读能力的目的。根据不同情况调整阅读速度，要知道在什么时候快读，什么时候慢读。一般说来，对我们有用或重要的信息我们就要放慢速度，对我们不重要的信息可以一带而过，这样才可以在整体上提高阅读速度。2.扩大知识面。要对社会、科学、文学、史地、艺术等多个领域特别是有关英美等国家的情况都要有所了解。3.积累适合自己的阅读技巧和做题方法，在做题时做到有的放矢。4.扩大词汇量。有限的词汇量必然影响你的阅读能力的提高。生词的含义只有在上下文中才能完全展现出来，并易于被记住、理解、掌握；同时还可以利用构词法记忆单词，这对于阅读是特别有用。三、阅读理解试题的易错点点睛历届高考阅读试题基本上可以分为五类:1.理解认定事实试题。2.猜测词义或短语试题。3.推理判断试题。4.归纳概括试题。5.填空题。一般来说，高考阅读理解试题的易错点点睛都是从这几个方面来展开的。下面我们以部分英语高考试题的阅读理解部分来认识一下这些个易错点点睛。1.ChancesI really love my job because I enjoy working with small children and like the challenges and awards from the job. I also think my work is important. There was a time when I thought I would never have that sort of career(职业).I then found myself a job, looking after two little girls.I wasnt an excellent student because I didnt do much schoolwork. In my final term I started thinking what I might do and found I didnt have much to offer. I just accepted that I wasnt the type to have a career.It wasnt too bad at first. But the problems began when I agreed to live in, so that I would be there if my boss had to go out for business in the evening. We agreed that if I had to work extra hours one week, shed give me time off the next. But unfortunately, it didnt often work out. I was getting extremely tired and fed up, because I had too many late nights and early mornings with the children.One Sunday, I was in the park with the children, and met Megan who used to go to school wih me. I told her about my situation. She suggested that I should do a course and get a qualification(资格证书) if I wanted to work with children. I didnt think I would be accepted because I didnt take many exams in school. She persuaded me to phone the local college and they were really helpful. My experience counted for a lot and I got on a part time course. I had to leave my job with the family, and got work helping out at a kindergarten.Now Ive got a full time job there. I shall always be thankful to Megan. I wish I had known earlier that you could have a career, even if you arent top of the class at school.1 What is the authors present job?A. Working part time in a college.B. Taking care of children for a family.C. Helping children with their schoolwork.D. Looking after children at a kindergarten.2 When staying with the two girlsfamily, the author .A. was paid for extra workB. often worked long hoursC. got much help from her bossD. took a day off every other week3 Why did the author leave her first job?A. She found a full time job.B. She was fed up with children.C. She decided to attend a part time course.D. She needed a rest after working extra hours.4 What has the author learned from her own experiences?A. Less successful students can still have a career.B. Qualifications are necessary for a career. C. Hard work makes an excellent student.D. One must choose the job she like.试题分析第1题考查考生对所读短文细节理解的能力。文章最后一段说明了“Now Ive got a fulltime job there”故选D第2题考查考生对所读短文作出简单判断和推理的能力。文中第三段说，尽管shed give me time off the next但是it didnt often work out因此，选B.第3题考查考生阐述主旨事实和相关细节的能力。在朋友的劝说下，最终作者还是听从了。第4题考查考生对作者的意图和态度的理解能力。本文作者从读书时的表现不优秀，从而认为自己后来不会有自己的事业，到后来有了career，D项最能说明主题。2.(2020精选模拟)1 What does Passagetell us about the boy?A. He was injured in the head when he was 14.B. He has waited for the pay out for a long time.C. He has lived in the same place since the accident.D. He was run over by a taxi when riding on the pavement.2 What can we learn about Lee and Collier counties from Passage?A. They both became safe places.B. They won the same place in a race.C. They had the same number of accidents.D. They joined hands in reducing accidents.3 Which passage would give more information on the prevention of road accidents?A. B. C. D. 试题分析第1题考查考生阐述主旨的事实和相关细节的能力。George出事时是3岁，而现在是十四岁，等待这个判决的时间是够长的了。故选B.第2题考查考生了解用以阐述主旨的事实和相关细节的能力。虽然事故次数是一样的低(21)，但并没有说成为安全地方，所以选项C是正确的。第3题考查考生对所读短文作出简单判断和推理的能力。综合四则报导，只有有对于事故安全保护的介绍，所以D项是最佳答案。3.(典型例题北)My teenage son Karl became withdrawn after his father died. As a single parent, I tried to do my best to talk to him. But the more I tried, the more he pulled away. When his report card arrived during his junior year, it said that he had been absent 95 times from classes and had six falling grades for the year. At this rate he would never graduate. I sent him to the school adviser, and I even begged him. Nothing worked.One night I felt so powerless that I got down on my knees and pleaded for help. “Please God, I cant do anything more for my son. Im at the end of my rope. Im giving the whole thing up to you.”I was at work when I got a phone call. A man introduced himself as the headmaster. “I want to talk to you about Karls absences.” Before he could say another word, I choked up and all my disappointment and sadness over Karl came pouring out into the ears of this stranger. “I love my son but I just dont know what to do. Ive tried everything to get Karl to go back to school and nothing has worked. Its out of my hands.” “For a moment there was silence on the other end of the line. The headmaster seriously said, Thank you for your time”, and hung up.Karls next report card showed a marked improvement in his grades. Finally, he even made 3 The sentence“., he even made the honor roll” means that“ .”A. he was even on the list to be praised at the parenterteacher meetingB. he was even on the list of students who made progress in gradesC. he was even on the list of students who had turned themselves aroundD. he was even on the list of the best students at school4 What is the main idea of this passage?A. Children in single parent families often have mental problems.B. Mothers love plays an important role in teenagers life.C. Being understood by parents is very important to teenagers.D. School education doesnt work without full support from parents.试题分析第1题考查考生在上下文中猜测词(组)意义的能力。短文开始就讲述My teenage son Karl became with drawn，接着I tried to do my best to talk to him.But the more I tried，the more he pulled away.这就对became withdrawn作了解释，所以C项是最佳答案。第2题考查考生对所读短文作出简单判断和推理的能力。根据文章第三段接电话的情况以及文章最后一段中儿子对母亲说的话，就可以推断出silence的原因是too moved to say anything to the mother.故选A项。第3题考查考生理解个别句子意义的能力。原文在 he even made the honor roll下面划了横线，根据上下文，应该理解成“上了学校优秀学生荣誉册”，所以选择D项。第4题,考查考生对文章主旨要义的理解。答案是B项。从文章中出现的sent him to the school adviser, begged him, felt so powerless, got down on my knees, pleaded for help , Im at the end of my rope, Im giving the whole thing up to you, I choked up and all my disappoint-ment and sadness over Karl came pouring out into the ears of this stranger, I love my son but I just dont know what to do, Its out of my hands 一连串的叙述中，我们看到的是一位平凡母亲的无私伟大的母爱。4. (2020精选模拟)8:30 PMOutlookOutlook is back with a new series of reports to keep you up date with all thats new in the world of entertainment. Stories go all the way from the technical to the romantic, from stage to screen. There will be reports of the stars of the moment, the stars of the future and the stars of help you discover the answer.10:00 PMScience/HealthIs it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs? The answer is “yes”, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. After a study of 800 persons with high blood pressure, they found that after 6 months, those devoted to weight loss exercise and eating a low salt, lowfat food lost about 13 pounds and became fitter. Plus, 35% of them dropped into the “normal” category(范畴). This week, Dr. Alan Duckworth will tell you how these people reduce their blood pressure to a level similar to whats achieved with Hypertension drugs.1 The main purpose of writing these three texts isA. to invite people to see filmsB. to invite people to topic discussionsC. to attract more students to attend lecturesD. to attract more people to watch TV programs2 From Outlook, you can get a great deal of information aboutA. story tellers B. famous starsC. film companies D. music fans3 Who will be most probably interested in Discovery ?A. Parents who want to send their children to a school of medicine.B. Children who are good at mathematics.C. Parents who want their child to become another Albert Einstein.D. Children who are interested in playing chess.4 In Science / Health, “Johns Hopkins” is .A. a famous university B. a medical centerC. a well known doctor D. a drug company5 According to the third text, which of the following has almost the same effect as Hypertension drug?A. Exercise plus a healthy diet.B. Loss of thirteen pounds in weight.C. Six months of exercise without drugs.D. Low salt and low fat food.试题分析第1题考查考生对作者的意图和态度的理解能力。作者将电视节目预告单广而告之，就是为了to attract more people to watch TV programs，所以D项是正确的。第2题考查考生阐述主旨的事实和相关细节的能力。从Outlook广告中，我们所得知的大量信息都与famousstars有关，所以B项是正确的。第3题考查考生能根据所读材料进行判断推理和引申的能力。希望自己的孩子成为genius是每个为人父母者的心愿。因此选C.第4题考查考生根据上下文猜测词(组)意义的能力。根据广告，我们得知John Hopkins是a medical center。所以选B.第5题考查考生所读教材作出简单判断和推理的能力。广告中those devoted to weight lossexercise and eating a lowsalt，lowfat foodlost about 13 pounds and became fitter一句可推断出Hypertension drugs具有相同效力的应该是A项。5. (2020精选模拟)The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet (彗星) is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth.On 17 July, a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earths atmosphere (大气层) with a massive explosion. About half of the piece is destroyed, but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the sea bed. Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole. The wall of water, a kilometer high, the Earth . The dinosaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space. The dinosaurs couldnt live through the cold climate that followed and they died out . Will we meet the same and?1 What is mainly described in the passage?A. A historic discovery.B. An event of imagination.C. A research on space.D. A scientific adventure.2 When the first piece hits the South Atlantic, it causesA. an earthquake B. damages to citiesC. an Earth explosion D. huge waves3 Why cant the northern half of the earth escape for long?A. Because the land is covered with water.B. Because the light and heat from the sun can not reach the earth.C. Because people there can not live at the temperature of zero.D. Because wars break out among countries.4 By giving the example of dinosaurs, the author tries to prove _ .A. animals could not live in the cold climateB. what happened 65 million years, ago was aninvented storyC. the human beings will die out in 2094D. the Earth could be hit by other objects in space试题分析第1题考查考生理解文章主旨要义的能力。这是一篇科幻读物，作者幻想了2049年所发生的彗星撞击南半球的事。连作者自己都发出提问，Could it really happen?可以推断只是想像而已。所以选B.第2题考查考生阐述主旨事实和相关细节的能力。由文章第二段可知，当the remaining longer. As a matter of fact, the number of U. S. citizens 85 years old and older is growing six times as fast as the rest of the population. It is also largely due to the old growing of the “baby boomers”, the generation born after World War. In 1957, over 4.3 million babies were born. More than 75 million Americans were born between 1946 and 1964, the largest generation in U.S. history. In less than twenty pears, millions of they will become elderly people.The “graying” of the U. S. will greatly affect the nations family and workforce. One likely development will be a gradual change in the family unit; it will move away from the nuclear family and towards a multigenerational family. The other likely development will be a change in the proportion (比例) of the nations workforce. In 1989 there were 3.5 workers for every person 65 and older; by the year 2030, them will only be 2 workers for every person 65 and older.Title 1. Number of citizens 65Or older 2. By 2020By 2030239 million51 million65 million3. 4. 6. 8.multigeneratiomal family5. 7. 9. to citizens 65 or older10. By 20303.5:1 2:1试题分析第1空填 Graying USA.本文讲述了美国人口老龄化的问题，套用文中graying一词最恰当。第2空填By 2020.与空格后by 2020，by 2030成对比应当是by 2020。第3空填Causesreasons.后者是老龄化的两个原因。一个是民众长寿了(Citizenslonger living)，一个是二战后生育高峰期时出生的人年龄大了(Baby boomersold growing).第4空填Citizenslonger living.同上。第5空填EffectsResults.文章以下谈论的是老龄化到来的两个大的影响，一是Family unit change，一是 Workforce proportion change.前者导致了Nuclear family，后者导致了Workers to citizens 65 or older.第6空填Family unit change.同上。第7空填Workforce proportion change.同上。第8空填Nuclear family.同上。第9空填Workers.同上。第10空填In 1989.同上。7.Equipped only with a pair of binoculars (双筒望远镜) and ready to spend long hours waiting in all ethers for a precious glance of a rare bullfinch(红腹灰雀). Britains brid-watchers had long been supposed to be lovers of a minority sport. But new figures show birdwatching is fast becoming a popular pastime, with almost three million of us absorbed in our fluttering feather friends.Devoted birdwatchers, those prepared to travel thousands of miles for a sighting of a rare Sibrian bird are fast being joined by a new breed of foolower whose interest is satiated by watching a few finches ( 雀科鸣鸟) on a Sunday walk or putting up a bird-box in the back garden.Almost three milion UK birdwatchers is certainly possible if you include everyone with only a casual interest, Ste- phen Moss said in his newly published bookA Bird in the Bush: a social History of Birdwatching which records the pursuit from the rich Victorian Englishmans numbers of birdwatchers.” said David Gromack the editor of Bird Watching magazine. “The number of people involved is so big that they have great potential to influence government decisions affecting the environment.”1 The word “satiated” in paragraph 2 can best be replaced by.A. affected B. sharedC. satisfied D. narrowed2 What happened after the message of seeing a Vermivora chrysoptera was put on the network?A. Birdwatchers helped the rare bird settle in Kent.B. Large numbers of birdwatchers went to view the bird.C. Many birdwatchers loged on to the website for details.D. Bird watchers showed their determination to protect the rare bird.3 Which of the following CANNOT be true according to the passage?A. Television wildlife programmes started the popularpastime of birdwatching.B. The network service has contributed to the rapid development of birdwatching.C. Birdwatching in Britain was long considered a sport with a small group of followers.D. The current situation of birdwatching may promote the protection of the environment.4 The passage mainly tells us about _ in UK.A. the history of birdwatchingB. a growing passion for birdwatchingC. the impact of media on birdwatchingD. birdwatching as a popular expensive sport试题分析1.C 第二段中谈到人们跋涉数英里来看鸟，看到雀科鸣鸟或在后花园安装个鸟箱使他们的兴趣得到了满足。2.B 文中第五段“the next day，where it ad settled”一句中看出有许多观鸟者去看这个鸟。3.A 从第7段可以看出电视有关野生动物的节目有助于观鸟活动的流行。4.B 总揽全文可知观鸟已经引起越来越多人的关注。8. (2020精选模拟)Directions:Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A - F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A. Goods for auction salesB. Definition of biddingC. Way to sell more goods by auctionD. Auction sales in historyE. Brief introduction to autionsF. Making a larger profit as an auctioneer1.Acutions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially aproved auctioneer. He aske the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or bids, for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid highter figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is caled knocking down the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer strikes a small hammer on a table at which he stands.2. The ancient Roman probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin auction, meaning increase. The Romans usually sold in this way the goods taken in war. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,goods were often sold by the candle, a short candle was lit by he auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight.3. Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, skins, wool, tea, furs, silk and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art.4. An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by potential buyers. If the advertisement can not give full details, catalogues are printed and each group of goods to be sold together called a lot, is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot I and continue in the order of numbers:he may wait until he noticesthe fact than certain buyers are in the room and th