气雾剂基础知识

BasicKnowledgeoftheAerosol,气雾剂基本知识,曲维好,广州保赐利化工有限公司电话机箱：qwh广州从化经济技术开发区太源路11号,ThedefinementofAerosol气雾剂的定义,AnAerosolcanbedefinedas:Anintegralready-to-usepackageincorporatingavalveandaproductwhichisdispensedbypre-storedpressureinacontrolledmannerwhenthevalveisoperated气雾剂可被定义为:气雾剂是指将内容物和抛射剂一起密封盛装在装有阀门的容器内，在抛射剂的压力下按预定形态喷出，一次使用的产品。这类产品以喷射的方式使用，喷出物可呈气态、液态或固态，喷出形状可为雾状、泡沫、粉末或胶束。,HOWAEROSOLSAREFILLED气雾剂是如何灌装的,Anaerosolismadeupofseveralbasiccomponents:气雾剂的主要组成部分Anaerosolcan气雾罐Theproduct内容物Thepropellant抛射剂Avalvewithdiptube阀门及引液管Anactuator喷嘴Adustcap(notshown)保护盖,HOWAEROSOLSAREFILLED气雾剂是如何灌装的,1.Startwithanemptyaerosolcontainer.Thiswillbemadeoftinplateoraluminium,orperhapsglass.Thecapacityofthecontainerwillbegreaterthanthatwhichisdeclaredonthepack.1、首先由空的气雾罐开始，气雾罐可以是马口铁罐、铝罐或玻璃罐标称灌装量应不超过气雾罐全容积的80%,HOWAEROSOLSAREFILLED气雾剂是如何灌装的,2.Theproduct,usuallyintheformofaliquid,isnowadded.Thiscontainsalltheactiveingredients,exceptforthepropellant.ThevolumeofliquidisverycarefullycontrolledtoensurethatitconformswithWeights&Measureslegislation.2、现在开始添加内容物，通常情况下为液态。包含了除抛射剂之外的所有有效成分。料液的体积按照标准规定受到严格控制。,HOWAEROSOLSAREFILLED气雾剂是如何灌装的,3.TheAerosolvalveisnowfitted(crimped)tothecan.Thisisaverycriticaloperationandthecrimpingmachineryhastobecarefullysetuptoensurethatthecan/valvesealdoesnotleak.3、现在将阀门封在罐上，这一工序要求非常严格，封口机必须调整正确，以保证罐/阀门密封处不会泄漏,HOWAEROSOLSAREFILLED气雾剂是如何灌装的,Thepropellantisnowinjectedunderpressure,throughthevalve.Thepropellantmaybeintheformofaliquifiedgas,oracompressedgas.Ifaliquifiedgasisuseditwillexistasbothaliquid,andvapourintheaerosolcanheadspace.Thevolumeofliquidinthecanwillincrease,asshowninthisexample.Ifacompressedgasisused,itwillusuallyonlybeintheheadspace,abovetheliquidinthecan,andtherewillbelittleornoincreaseinliquidvolume.Again,thevolumeofliquidisverycarefullycontrolledtoensurethatitconformswithWeights&Measureslegislation.,现在抛射剂通过阀门装入罐内.抛射剂可以是液化气或压缩气体如果是液化气，液相和气相会同时存在，气相在罐内上部，罐内的液相体积会升高。如果是压缩气体，它通常会在罐内的液相上部空间，液相体积会轻微升高或不升高。液相的体积须严格控制以满足计量法的规定。,HOWAEROSOLSAREFILLED气雾剂是如何灌装的,Theaerosolisnowinapressurisedstateduetotheadditionofthepropellant.Thecansarenowimmersedinawaterbathat50Ctocheckforanyleaks.Anycansthatleakarerejected.,由于加入了抛射剂，现在产品内是有压力的。现在将产品放入50的水浴中以检查是否有泄漏现象，任何泄漏的罐子都将被剔出。50的水浴也是重要的安全测试方式，确保产品在运输、储存及使用时不会发生变形或爆破。,HOWAEROSOLSAREFILLED气雾剂是如何灌装的,Ifalarge,orspecial,actuatorisrequireditisfittednow.Finallythecanwillbedate/batchcoded,andshrinkwrappedorboxedasrequired.,现在将促动器（喷嘴/喷头）装在阀门上。最后给产品喷上生产日期、批号、套上收缩膜，装箱。,AEROSOLPROPELLANTS气雾剂抛射剂,WHYDOWENEEDAPROPELLANTThecontentsoftheaerosolaremadeupoftwocomponents:1.Theproduct,intheformofaliquid,emulsionorsuspension.2.Thepropellant,whichcanbealiquefiedgas,orevenacompressedgas.Thepropellantisthedrivingforce(or,youcouldsay,theengine),behindtheaerosol.,为什么需要抛射剂气雾剂内容物主要由两种组分构成:1.产品本身，以液态、乳液、悬浮状存在2.抛射剂可以是以液化气或压缩空气抛射剂是气雾剂的驱动力。,AEROSOLPROPELLANTS气雾剂抛射剂,Liquefiedpropellantsaregasesthatexistasliquidsunderpressure.Becausetheaerosolisunderpressurethepropellantexistsmainlyasaliquid,butitwillalsobeintheheadspaceasagas.Astheproductisusedupasthevalveisopened,someoftheliquidpropellantturnstogasandkeepstheheadspacefullofgas.Inthiswaythepressureinthecanremainsessentiallyconstantandthesprayperformanceismaintainedthroughoutthelifeoftheaerosol.Thepropellantisanessentialelementintheformulation.,当使用液化气作为抛射剂时，抛射剂主要以液态的形式存在，在罐子的顶部以气态的形式存在，当产品开始使用阀门打开时，部分液态的抛射剂又转换成气体在罐子的顶部。这样，罐内压力基本上保持不变。在气雾剂的整个使用寿命期间，喷射状态基本保持不变。抛射剂是配方的基本元素。,AEROSOLPROPELLANTS气雾剂抛射剂,Compressedgaspropellantsreallyonlyoccupytheheadspaceabovetheliquidinthecan.Whentheaerosolvalveisopenedthegaspushestheliquidoutofthecan.Theamountofgasintheheadspaceremainsthesamebutithasmorespace,andasaresultthepressurewilldropduringthelifeofthecan.Sprayperformanceismaintainedhoweverbycarefulchoiceoftheaerosolvalveandactuator.,当抛射剂为压缩空气时，其主要存在在罐子的顶部，当阀门打开时，气体将液体推出罐子，在罐子顶部的抛射剂的量基本保持不变，但空间增大了。因此，在气雾剂的整个使用寿命期间，罐内压力逐渐降低。要保持喷射状态不变需仔细挑选阀门和喷嘴。,AEROSOLPROPELLANTS气雾剂抛射剂,Inbothoftheexamplesabove,youwillseethatthecanisnotfulltothetopwithliquid.Thisisforsafetyreasons,astheremustalwaysbesufficientspaceforthepropellantgastooccupy,underalllikelystorageconditions.Ifallthespaceinthecanwasfullofliquid,therewouldbethepossibledangerofthecanbursting.Theactualamountofliquidthatcanbefilledintoanaerosolcaniscontrolledbylegislation,andtherehastobeagreaterheadspacewhenusingcompressedgaspropellants-seethesectiononaerosolcans,在上述两个例子中，你会看到罐内并没有装满液体，这是出于安全因素的考虑，因为必须给抛射剂气相留有足够的空间，如果罐内所有空间都被液相占据，有可能会引起罐子爆裂的危险。气雾剂液相的充装量是有法律规定规定的。当使用压缩气体作为抛射剂时气相需要的空间可能会更大。,AEROSOLPROPELLANTS气雾剂抛射剂,TypicalPropellantsLiquefiedPetroleumGas(LPG)DiMethylEtherChlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)Non-solublecompressedGasses.(e.g.CompressedAirandNitrogen)SolublecompressedGasses(e.g.CarbonDioxide),几种典型的抛射剂液化石油气(LPG)二甲醚（DME）氯氟烃(CFCs)不溶解性压缩气体.(如：压缩空气、氮气)可溶解性压缩气体(如二氧化碳),AEROSOLSVALVE气雾剂阀门,ValveCup（阀杯）：主要有铁杯及铝杯OuterGasket（外垫圈）:是阀杯及气雾罐之间的密封材料.ValveHousing（阀室）:-装载阀杆、内垫圈、弹簧ValveStem（阀杆）按动时可以使内容物喷出InnerGasket（内垫圈）:盖住阀杆上的孔ValveSpring（弹簧）:通常是不锈钢.DipTube（引液管）:引导液体进入阀门Actuator(notshown)（促动器，为表示出来）：也叫喷嘴、喷头，安装在阀杆上。,AEROSOLSVALVE气雾剂阀门,HOWVALVEWORKSThevalvestemisfittedwithasmallhole,throughwhichtheproductflows.Somevalvesmaycontaintwo,orevenfourholes,dependingonthenatureoftheproducttobedispensed.Theholesareverysmall,withdiametersaslowas0.30mm,andashighas1.00mm.Intheclosedpositionthehole(s)iscoveredbytheinnergasket.Whentheactuatorisdepresseditpushesthevalvestemthroughtheinnergasket,andthehole(s)isuncovered,allowingliquidtopassthroughthevalveandintotheactuator.,CLOSED,WORKS,AEROSOLSVALVE气雾剂阀门,阀门是如何工作的阀杆上有14个小孔，根据喷射量的不同，孔数不同孔径非常小，从0.3mm1.0mm在不工作时，这些孔被内垫圈堵住当按下喷嘴时，阀杆穿过内垫圈，这些小孔未被堵上，这样液体通过阀杆进入喷嘴。,非工作状态,工作状态,AEROSOLSCANS气雾罐,Metalaerosolcansareusuallymadefromtinplatedsteel,oraluminumsTinplateaerosolcansaremostlymadeupofthreecomponents-atopcontainingthevalveopening,abodyandabottom.Sometwopiececansarealsonowavailable.Aluminumcansareusuallymadefromsinglepieceofaluminumsmetal.Thetinplateusedtomakeaerosolcansiscoatedwithtinappliedbyelectrodeposition.Thethicknessofthetinplatesheetusedtomakeaerosolcanswillvary,dependingonthesizeofthecan,thepressurespecification,andwhetheritisforcanbodiesorendcomponents.Forcanbodiesthethicknesswillrangefrom0.18mmto0.25mm,andfortops/bottomstheywillbe0.28mmto0.43mm.,金属气雾罐通常由马口铁或铝制造而成马口铁气雾剂罐大多数是三片罐：顶盖（有开口）、罐身及底盖；铝罐是单片罐制造气雾罐的马口铁镀有一层锡，马口铁的厚度根据罐子大小、耐压规格、用于罐身或罐底的不同而不同。对于罐身，其厚度从0.18mm0.25mm；对于罐底其厚度从0.28mm0.43mm；,AEROSOLSCANS气雾罐,Theamountoftinwillvary,rangingbetween