高考英语探究虚拟语气的用法考查

探究虚拟语气的用法考查虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。下面通过部分高考试题来介绍虚拟语气在部分从句中的用法。1.虚拟语气用于非真实条件状语从句中1.表示与现在事实相反条件从句：If+主语+动词过去式（be动词一律用were）；主句：主语+would(should/could/might)+动词原形。 如：If there were no subjunctive mood, English would be much easier for Chinese students.If I were you, I would make full use of this chance to improve my skills.2. 表示与过去事实相反条件从句：If+主语+had done；主句：主语+would(should/could/might)+have done。如：You would have met your friend if you had come a little earlier.If the leaders hadnt been for the economy reform, the living level for people in this city couldnt have risen.3. 表示与将来事实相反条件从句：If+主语+动词过去式/谓语用were to+动词原形/谓语用should+动词原形等三种形式；主句：主语+would(should/could/might)+动词原形。 如：If I were to go to the moon in the future, I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes.If it should rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.注意：在以上句型中，从句中的if可以省略掉，使用倒装句式“were/had/should+主语”形式，主句语序不变。考题；_ fired, your health care and other benefits would not be immediately cut off. （2020湖北卷）A. Would you be B. Should you beC. Will have been working D. Had worked解析： B。在if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果从句中的谓语动词含有were, had, should等助动词或情态动词，可将连词if去掉，从句采用部分倒装形式。2. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句中(1). 表示建议，命令，要求，坚持等意义的动词如：insist,order, propose,advise,suggest,demand,request等后接宾语从句时使用虚拟语气。常用结构为“should+动词原形”，should可省略掉。如：The teacher ordered that all students (should)take part in this activity.He suggested that I (should)take a raincoat before outing.注意：当suggest作“表明；暗示”的意思时，从句不使用虚拟语气；insist作“坚持认为/坚持说”时，宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，但作“坚持要”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气。考题：How do you_we go to Beijing for our holidays?I think wed better fly there. Its much more comfortable.（2020福建卷）A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest解析：根据下句题意可知道答案选suggest，用虚拟语气，且与题干中的(should)go to Beijing相吻合。(2). 在would rather后的宾语从句中，也用虚拟语气，其构成形式为用动词过去式表示对现在或将来的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。如：I would rather they didnt hear of the bad news.I would rather they had paid a visit to me yesterday.(3).动词wish后面的宾语从句中一般用虚拟语气，表示一种难以实现的愿望，其谓语动词构成形式为：过去式（表示与现在事实相反）； 过去完成式（表示与过去事实相反）；could/would/might+动词原形（表示与将来事实相反）。如：I wish I had been able to talk with this topic with my father when he was here last night.I wish I bought a large house with a beautif graden in the downtown.3. 虚拟语气用于同位语和表语从句中用在表示建议，命令，坚持等意义的动词的同源名词后面所跟的同位语从句或表语从句中，谓语动词也用“should+do”形式，should可以省略掉。如：We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Tibet for sightseeing.The professoe gave us orders that the test papers (should)be completed by the end of the month.注意：as if引导的从句作表语从句，也可以用虚拟语气。如：When a pencil is partly in a glass of water it looks as if it were broken.考题：Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it_yesterday.（2020全国卷I）A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened解析：D。as if从句表达的是非真实情况，故用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反（并非发生在昨天），故用一般过去式。4. 虚拟语气用于主语从句中在主语从中用来表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此等，谓语动词形式是“(shoul)+动词原形”， 常用于以下句型：句型一：It is necessary(important,natural, strange, ete)that.句型二：It is a pity(a shame, no wonder,ete)that句型三；It is suggested(requested,proposed, demanded,ete0that.在以上句型的主语从句中，should意为“应该；竟然”，可以省掉，但不可以换成would。主句所用动词的时态不限。如；It is natural that the student should nake such a mistake in workign out the question.It is a pity that our should lose this game in the final.考题：Dont you think it necessary that he_to Miami but to New York?I agree, but the problem is_he has refused to. (2020江苏卷)A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not sent; what解析：B。第一空为考查虚拟语气，题干中出现了it is necessary that.；第二空为that引导的表语从句。5.虚拟语气用在as if/though引导的方式状语从句中在as if/though引导的方式状语从句中，表示与现在事实相反动词用过去式；与过去事实相反，动词用过去完成式；与将来事实相反，动词用过去将来式。如：He remained clam as if nothing had happened.He talks aloud as if he knew the whole thing.在in case, for fear that, les从属连词引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用(should)+动词原形，有时也用陈述语气。如：The student is working hard for fear that he should fail to pass the exam.考题：I always take something to read when I go to the doctorsI have to wait.（2020全国卷III）Ain case B. so that C. in order D. as if解析：A。考查连词的用法区别及语境运用能力。in case “以免”。6.虚拟语气用于if only引导的感叹句中if only+一般过去式，表示与现在事实相反；if only+过去完成式，表示与过去事实相反，以上两种都表示遗憾；if only+would表示没有多大希望实现的愿望。如：If only we had arrived in time, we would not have missed the train.If only I were a little bird.考题：Look at the trouble I am in! if only I_your advice. （2020上海卷）A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow解析：if only意为“要是.就好了；但愿”。此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，用过去完成式。7. 虚拟语气用在“Its high/about time that.”句型中在“Its high/about time that.”句型中。that从句中的虚拟语气由一般过去式或should+动词原形构成，should不能省掉。如：Its time that we got down to checking the papers.Its time that I should go and pick up my little girl from school.8. 虚拟语气用于含蓄条件句中副词如or, otherwise意为“否则”时以及由介词with, without,but for等引出的介词短语在句中的作用，他们本身不是句子，但可表达条件句的意义，所以称为含蓄条件句。在上述结构要使用虚拟语气。如：He called to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.But for your help, we wouldnt have finished the task in time.过关练习：1._it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Hangzhouwang Bridge.A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will2. I supported him in time, ortherwise he_off his bike.A. might fall B. would fall C. would have fallen D. should have fallen3. If he had been warned, he_that food in the fridge.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. shouldnt take B. shouldnt have takenC. wouldnt taken D. wouldnt have taken4. If only he_quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie5. Its high time that the government_actions to stop industrial pollution in the beautiful city.A. t