湖南省衡山县2020高考英语暑假阅读理解专练（9）

湖南省衡山县2020高考英语暑假阅读理解专练（9）【科普知识型-阅读理解】Housed in Milan, one of Europes dirtiest cities, Leonardo da Vincis masterpiece The Last Supper still faces a threat from air pollution, researchers say, despite preventative measures that have significantly decreased pollutants in the church where the famous painting is on display.In 2020, Italian authorities installed a heating, ventilation (通风) and airconditioning system to protect the painting from Milans polluted air. To see whether the system could improve air quality, a team of researchers led by Constantinos Sioutas, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Southern California, placed two airquality monitors inside the church for a year to collect samples from around painting. Results showed the levels of fine and coarse particulates were reduced near the painting by 88 percent and 94 percent, respectively, compared with the corresponding outdoor levels. “Its a spectacular reduction，” Sioutas said in a statement. “It is, frankly, very impressive.”Although the researchers applauded the successful decrease in particulates around da Vincis painting, they warned that indoor sources of pollution may still pose a threat to the priceless painting. Fatty lipids (油脂) from the skin of customers in the church appeared in significant quantities around the painting, despite the fact that visitors getting access to the artwork are strictly regulated.Only a few visitors are allowed inside the church at a time, and they enter the building and can stay for only 15 minutes each. However, fatty lipids from visitors skin can combine with dust in the air and pollute the painting if they come in contact with it, says study researcher Nancy Daher of the University of Southern California.Even previous restorations of the painting may pollute its surface, Daher said. Tiny particulates of the wax applied during early repair efforts can be emitted from the painting, get into the air and tarnish (使失去光泽) the painting in the same manner as the fatty lipids.The researchers noted that their airsample analysis could be used as a point of reference for future studies aimed at protecting valuable artwork and artefacts.1What does the underlined word “particulates” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?AThe smallest parts of a chemical substance.BThings dirtier than usual.CCertain types of gas.DExtremely small pieces of dirt, which cause serious pollution.2According to the text, the following factors pollute the painting EXCEPT _Afatty lipids from the skin Btiny particles of the waxCbreath of the visitors Ddust in the air3According to the researchers, which of the following is NOT true of their airsample analysis?A. The airsample analysis was got by gathering air in the church for a year.BThe airsample analysis showed that the painting was completely away from air pollution.CThe airsample analysis can be helpful for future studies protecting valuable artwork.DThe airsample analysis showed that the particulates around da Vincis painting were decreased successfully.4What can be the best title of the text?AHow to decrease levels of particulates effectivelyBThe famous painting da Vincis The Last SupperCKeeping air pollution from damaging da Vincis The Last SupperDHow to protect artwork in households【要点综述】保存在意大利米兰市一家教堂的达芬奇名画最后的晚餐受到空气污染的影响。虽采取了措施使教堂空气质量得到提高，但仍存在一些污染隐患。1D词义猜测题。综合分析文章及该词所在句子，可推知该词意为“颗粒(污染)物”。2C细节理解题。根据文章信息可知，对名画最后的晚餐带来污染的因素主要有参观者皮肤上的油脂、修复时产生的蜡颗粒及空气中的灰尘等。3B细节理解题。从文章第一、二段可知，虽然教堂室内环境大为改善，但这幅伟大的画作仍受到各种污染物的威胁。4C主旨大意题。综合分析文章可知，本文主要介绍如何保护达芬奇的名画最后的晚餐免受污染物的影响，故C项为标题最佳。【浙江省金丽衢十二校2020高考英语第二次联考】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A,B,C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项标号涂黑。Ok, I said to my daughter as she bent over her afternoon bowl of rice. Whats going on with you and your friend I? J. is the leader of a group of third-graders at her campa position Lucy herself occupied the previous summer. Now shes the one on the outs, and every day at snack time, she tells me all about it, while I offer up the unhelpful advice all summer long.Shes fond of giving orders , Lucy complained. Shes fat, Lucy mumbled（含糊地说） ineo he bowl We are going upstairs, I said, my voice cold, We are going to discuss this. And up we went.Id spent the nine years since her birth getting ready for this day, the day wed have to havethe conversation about this horrible word. I knew exactly what to say to the girl on the receivingend of the teasing（嘲笑），but in all of my imaginings, it never once occurred to me that mydaughter would be the one who used the F word一Fat.My daughter sat on her bed, and I sat beside her.“How would you feel if someone made funof you for something that wasnt your fault?”I began.“She could stop eating so much,”Lucymumbled, mouthing the simple advice a thousand doctors and well-meaning friends and relativeshave given overweight women for yearsIts not always that easy,”I said.“Everyones different in terns of how they treat food”Lucy looked at me, waiting for me to go on. I opened my mouth，then closed it. Should I tell herthat, in teasing a womans weight, shes joined the long, proud tradition of critics who go after anywoman with whom they disagree by starting with youre ugly and ending with“no man wouldwant you and there must be something wrong with any man who does？Should I tell her I didntcry when someone posted my picture and commented,“Im sorry, but arent authors who writebooks marketed to young women supposed to be pretty?”Does she need to know, now, that life isnt fair? I feel her eyes on me，waiting for an answerI dont have. Words are my toolsStories are my jobIts possible shell remember what I sayforever, and I have no idea what to say.So I tell her the only thing I can come up with that is absolutely trueI say to my daughter,“I love you，and there is nothing you could ever do to make me not love you，But Im disappointed in you right now. There are plenty of reasons for not liking someoneWhat she looks like isnt one of them.”Lucy nods，tears on her cheeks“I wont say that again,”she tells me，and I pull her close,pressing my nose against her hair. We are both quiet, and I dont know if I have said the rightthing. So as we sit there together, shoulder to shoulder, I pray for her to be smartI pray for her tobe strong. I pray for her to find friends，work she loves, a partner who loves her, and for the worldnot to deprive（剥夺）her of the things that make her who she is，for her life to be easy, and forher to have the strength to handle it when its not. And still, always，I pray that she will neverstruggle as Ive struggled, that weight will never be her cross to bear. She may not be able to usethe word in our home, but I can use it in my headI pray that she will never get fat55，The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 indicates that Lucy，A. often makes fun of her friend J. Bhas turned against her friend JC gets along well with her friend J. D. has begun to compete with her friend J，56.Why does the author want to discuss with Lucy?A. Because she wants to offer some other helpful advice.B Because she has prepared the conversation for nine years.C Because she is really shocked at Lucys rudenessD. Because she decides to tell Lucy a similar story of her own57. What does the author want to tell her daughter?A. It is not easy to take the doctors advice to eat lessBPeople shouldnt complain because life is unfair.C She herself was once一laughed at for her appearance.D. People shouldnt be blamed for their appearance.58It can be inferred from the passage thatA. the author earns a living by writing storiesB the author is a fat but good-looking womanC the author will stop loving her daughter for what she saidD. the authors daughter agreed with her from.the very beginning59 We can learn from the last paragraph that A. Lucydeeply moved by her mothers prayerB a mothers prayer will shape her daughters attitude towards lifeC. the author allows her daughter to use the F word in her headD the author hopes her daughter will never have weight trouble60 The authors attitude towards her daughter can be best described as A. loving but strict B. indifferent but patientC. satisfied and friendly D. unsatisfied and angry【参考答案】55、B 5660、CDADA阅读理解。Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons: a combination of savings, income, scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing. Then her husband lost his job, and the plan fell apart.“I have two kids in college, and I want to say come home, but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education,” says Jacobs.The Jacobs family did work out a solution: They asked and received more aid form the schools, and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan (贷款) program. They will each graduate with $20,000 of debt, but at least they will be able to finish school.With unemployment rising, financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the Jacobs. More students are applying for aid, and more families expect to need student loans. College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around.At the same time, tuition（学费）continues to rise. A report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2020, while average family income rose just 147%. Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade,“If we go on this way for another 25years, we wont have an affordable system of higher education,” says Patrick M. Callan, president of the center. “The middle class families have been financing it through debt. They will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt.”Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. The good news, however, is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted.1. According to Paragraph 1, why did the plan of Jacobs family fail?A. The twins wasted too much money. B. The father was out of work.C. Their saving ran out. D. The family fell apart.2. How did the Jacobs manage to solve their problem?A. They asked their kids to come home.B. They borrowed $20,000 from the school.C. They encouraged their twin sons to do part-time jobs.D. They got help from the school and the federal government.3. Financial aid administrators believe that _.A. more families will face the same problem as the JacobsesB. the government will receive more letters of complaintC. college tuition fees will double soonD. Americas unemployment will fall4.What can we learn about the middle class families from the text?A. They blamed the government for the tuition increase.B. Their income remained steady in the last decade.C. They will try their best to send kids to college.D. Their debts will be paid off within 25 years.5.According to the last paragraph, the government will .A. provide most students will scholarshipsB. dismiss some financial aid administratorsC. stop the companies from making student loansD. go on providing financial support for college students【文章大意】这是一篇关于学费贷款的文章。【参考答案】1-5、BDACD阅读理解。Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the opposite. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. It is because they do not realize this, or because they are not willing to do the work, that most people do not listen well.Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known asbracketing. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside, stepping_into_his_or_her_shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way. The energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.Most of the time we lack this energy. Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening selectively. Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain desired results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. Many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening, or we simply refuse to listen to what we dont want to hear.It wasnt until toward the end of my doctor career that I have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有疗效的). In about a quarter of the patients I saw, surprising improvement was shown during the first few months of the psychotherapy(心理疗法), before any of the roots of problems had been uncovered or explained. There are several reasons for this phenomenon, but chief among them, I believe, was the patients sense that he or she was being truly listened to, often for the first time in years, and for some, perhaps for the first time ever.66. The phrase “stepping into his or her shoes” in Paragraph 2 probably means _A. preparing a topic list firstB. focusing on ones own mindC. directing the talk to the desired resultsD. experiencing the speakers inside world67What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?A. How to listen well.B. What to listen to.C. Benefits of listening.D. Problems in listening.68According to the author, in communication people tend to _A. listen activelyB. listen purposefullyC. set aside their prejudicesD. open up their inner mind69According to the author, the patients improved mainly because _A. they were taken good care ofB. they knew they were truly listened toC. they had partners to talk toD. they knew the roots of problems70What type of writing is the article likely to be?A. Science fiction. B. A news report.C. A medical report. D. Popular science.【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了倾听的好处，并通过自己作为医生的亲身体验说明倾听对于病人来说是最好的疗法。66. D考查词意猜测。由画线短语所在句前部分“to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside”可推出画线短语应该是“走进说话者的内心世界”的意思。67. A考查段落大意。由第二段的内容以及第二段第一、二句“Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is”可知此段主要讲述了如何才能听得好。68. B考查细节理解。由第三段第二句“what we are usually doing is listening selectively.”可知在交流中我们倾向于有选择地也就是有目的地听。69. B考查细节理解。根据最后一段第一句“one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有疗效的)”可知真正被倾听是最有疗效的医治方法。70. D考查推理判断。综观全文，本文主要说明了倾听的好处，故此篇文章应该属于通俗(大众)科普类文章。C82020辽宁卷 -CHere is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone cant make us tired.It sounds absurd.But a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue(疲劳)To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products.But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.The brain is totally tireless.So what makes us tired?Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情感的) attitudes.One of Englands most outstanding scientists, JA. Hadfield, says, “The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.In fact, fatigue