高中英语中学英语最常用9个介词的用法（上）专题辅导

高中英语高中英语中学英语最常用中学英语最常用 9 9 个介词的用法（上）个介词的用法（上） 介词在英语里出现非常频繁，它的搭配众多且意义丰富。在整个中学阶段，介词 的搭配是同学们感到较为棘手的问题之一。在多年高中英语教学中，笔者总结了 常用介词的各种搭配，这里把它们归纳起来，供同学们复习备考参阅。 一、about 1.动词+about+sth.。about 在此表示“论及，谈起，涉及，着手”等意思： arrange about 安排，argue about 辩论, ask about 询问，bring about 带来， chat about 闲聊，care about 在意，complain about 报怨，go about 着手， hear about 听说, inquire about 打听,know about 了解， quarrel about 争论， read about 读到, see about 负责处理，set about 开始, speak about 谈起, talk about 谈论, think about 考虑, trouble about 担心，tell about 讲述， worry about 着急。现举例说明其中一些短语的用法： She inquired about my brother. 她向我打听有关我兄弟的情况。 I must set about my packing. 我必须开始收拾行装。 What are you chatting about? 你们在聊什么呢？ 2. be +形容词+about+sth.。about 在此意思是“为，对”，接表原因的词： be anxious about 为着急, be bad about 对感到不舒服，be busy about 忙 于,be careful about 小心, be certain about 对有把握, be concerned about 关心,be crazy about 为发狂，be excited about 为感到激动, be happy about 为而高兴,be mad about 为发疯，be nervous about 对感到紧 张, be particular about 挑剔,be pleased about 为兴奋，be strict about 对严格，be thoughtful about 对考虑周到的，be uneasy about 为 感受到不安。请看例句： What have you been busy about today? 今天在忙些什么？ You are certainly very thoughtful about others. 你为别人想得太周到了。 Im strict about such things. 对这些事我是很严格的。 注：come about 发生，get about（疾病、谣言）流行，turn about 转身， leave about 到处乱放，lie about 随便堆放，put about 打扰;传播， put oneself about 使发愁。这些词组中 about 作副词，此时 about 不能接宾语。 二、after 1.动词+ after。介词 after 有“追赶，问候，效仿”之意：ask after 问候, be after 寻求,do(sth.)after 学着做，go after 设法得到, inquire after 问候, look after 寻找,run after 追求, seek after 追逐, take after 长得像。例如： Every afternoon he called to ask after his girl friend.他每天下午都打电 话问候他的女朋友。 The boy takes after his father. 这男孩长得像他父亲。 The dogs went after the wounded deer. 一群狗在追赶那只受伤的鹿。 2.after 构成的其它短语。after 在不同的短语中意思各异： after a little/moment/while 过了一会，after all 毕竟,after dark 天黑以后， after ones heart 合的心, after school 放学后， after service 售后服务， after the fashion 勉强， day after day 日复一日，one after another 一个接 一个，year after year 年复一年。例如： Dont be too strict with him. After all he is still a child. 不要太苛刻了，毕竟他还是个孩子。 He can speak and write English after a fashion. 他多少会说和写一点英语，但不太好。 三、at 1.动词+ at。at 表示“指向某一目标，到达某地”：arrive at 抵达,call at 访 问某地, catch at(it)当场抓住, come at 攻击, fire at 向开火,glance at 瞟 一眼, glare at 怒目而视, grieve at 忧伤，knock at 敲,laugh at 嘲笑, look at 看一眼, pull at 拉扯, rejoice at 对高兴，smile at 向某人微笑, shoot at 朝射击, stare at 怒目而视,thrust at 刺向, tear at 撕, tremble at 颤抖， wonder at 吃惊，work at 工作。例如： Dont let me catch you again at it.不要再让我当场逮住你。 We must “shoot the arrow at the target”. 我们必须有的放矢。 They trembled at the sight of the peasants spears.看到农民的梭标，他 们阵阵发抖。 2. be +形容词/过去分词+ at。其中 at 表示“情绪、情感的原因，或对某物具有 某种感情”：be angry at 恼怒于, be alarmed at 对保持警觉,be astonished at 对吃惊, be bad at 不擅长, be clever at 对某事很灵巧,be delighted at 高兴，be disgusted at 厌恶, be disappointed at 对失望，be good at 擅长, be impatient at 对不够耐心, be mad at 狂热于,be pleased at 对感到高兴, be present at 出席, be satisfied at 满意,be surprised at 吃惊, be shocked at 对非常震惊，be terrified at 受到的恐吓,be quick at 对很机敏。例 如： They were overjoyed at his return to work. 他们对他重返工作感到欣喜。 They are alarmed at the growth of the liberation movement in the colonies. 他们对殖民地日益壮大的解放运动警觉起来。 3.at+名词构成的词组：at a distance 在一定距离，at a loss 不知所措， at a time 一次，at all 一点也不，at any cost 不惜一切代价，at best 最好也 只是，at first 起初，at hand 手头，at heart 在内心里，at home 在家；无拘 束，at last 最后，at least 至少，at most 最多，at once 马上，at present 目 前，at sea 不知所措，at times 有时，at will 任意地，at work 起作用，at worst 最坏。 4.其它含有 at 的短语：work hard at 勤奋工作，drop in at 顺路拜访。 四、for 1.动词+for a)动词+for。for 表原因、目的：account for 解释；说明, answer for 对负责, apply for 申请；请求, apologize for 为而道歉, beg for 请求, call for 要 求,care for 在意, enter for 报名参加, fight for 为而战, hope for 希望, inquire for 查询；求见, leave for 离开某地到另一地, look for 寻找, long for 盼望,mistake for 误认为, plan for 计划做某事, prepare for 为作准备, provide for 为提供, reach for 伸手去拿, run for 竞选, stand for 象征, search for 搜寻, send for 派人去请, speak for 陈述意见、愿望, take for 当 作, wish for 希望, wait for 等待。例如： His illness accounts for his absence. 他因病缺席。 The baby reached for the apple but couldnt reach it.那婴儿伸手去苹果， 但够不着。 He who would search for pearls must dive below.要想找到珍珠，必须潜到海 底。 b)动词+sb.+ for +sth.。for 表示原因或目的：ask for 要求得到,blame for 因责备, excuse for 宽恕, forgive for 谅解, pardon for 原谅,pay for 花钱 买, praise for 称赞, punish for 对进行惩罚,push for 催逼，reward for 酬 谢, thank for 对表示谢意。例如： Please excuse me for my being late. 请原谅我的迟到。 Forgive me for my keeping you waiting. 请见谅，让你久等了。 2. be +形容词+for。for 表作用、目的、对人或物有某种情绪等：be anxious for 急于做, be eager for 渴望, be bad for 有害于,be convenient for 便于, be good for 利于, be famous for 以出名,be fit for 适合于, be grateful for 对心存感激, be impatient for 对不耐烦,be late for 迟到, be necessary for 有必要, be ready for 作好准备,be sorry for 为而后悔, be responsible for 对负责,be suitable for 适合于, be unfit for 不适合, be useful for 对有作用。例如： He is eager for success. 他渴望成功。 The government is responsible for the nations welfare.政府负责民众的 福利。 3.for+名词构成的词组：for all 尽管，for a song 非常便宜地，for certain 确 切地，for company 陪着，for ever 永远，for example 例如，for fear 以免， for fair 肯定地，for free 免费，for fun 为了好玩，for good 永远，for instance 比方，for luck 祝福，for life 终身，for long 长久，for nothing 白 白地，for once 有生第一次，for oneself 替自己，for pleasure 为了消遣，for reason 因为理由，for sale 供出售，for shame 真不害臊，for short 简称， for sport 好玩，for sure 确切地。 4.动词+副词/名词+for 构成的短语：be in for 将遇到，make up for 弥补，go in for 从事，l o ok out for 提防，take sth. for granted 把当作理所当然, have an ear for 音感好, have a gift for 有某方面的天赋。 五、from 1.动词+from a)动词+ from。from 表示“来源、原因、起始”等：come from 来自,date from 追溯, depart from 违背, die from 死于, escape from 逃出,fall from 自跌 落, hang from 垂挂, hear from 收到来信,learn from 向某人学习, return from 自某地返回，rise from 自冒出, result from 起因于, suffer from 忍受。例 如： All the characters in the book are drawn from real life.书中所有的人物 都来自于真实的生活。 Any damage resulting from negligence must be paid for by the borrower. 因疏忽引起的任何损坏都应由借用者负责赔偿。 He has recovered from his surprise. 他好不容易回过神来。 b)动词+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a place。from 表示“来源、免于”等： borrow from 向借, choose from 选自, excuse from 免除, keep from 阻止做, prevent from 不准做, protect from 不受之害, receive from 收到,remove from 移动；除去, save from 保全；拯救, separate from 分离开来,stop from 阻止。例如： He was excused from attendance at the le