山西省山西大学附属中学2020学年高二英语下学期5月模块诊断试题（含解析）

山西省山西大学附属中学2020学年高二英语下学期5月模块诊断试题（含解析）考试时间：100分钟 考察范围：高考范围第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60）第一节（共15小题：每题3分，满分45）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。A Windsor Castle occupies 10.5 hectares（公顷）. In the Upper Ward there are 951 rooms (including corridors and staircases), of which 225 are bedrooms. State Banquets are held in St. Georges Hall (55.59metres), at a table seating up to 160 guests. The State Apartments have been open to the public throughout the year since the 1840s. During the winter period, from October to March, the tour is now extended to include the Semi-State Apartments. Use of the Castle by the Royal Family may sometimes cause the published opening times to vary for short periods.THE ROYAL COLLECTIONThe Royal Collection is held by The Queen for her successors (继承者) and the nation. Displayed within the State Apartments are some of the finest works of art in the Royal Collection, many of them still in the historic settings for which they were collected or commissioned（委托） by successive monarchs（君主）, notably George IV. The income from admissions to Windsor Castle passes to the Royal Collection Trust, a registered charity which uses part of the income to maintain the fabric of the Castle, and to run the College of St. George.1. What can we learn about the State Banquets?A. The State Banquets are held in the Sate Apartments.B. The State Banquets are open to the public.C. The State Banquets offer 225 rooms for the guests to rest.D. The State Banquets can seat 160 guests at most.2. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?A. Some artistic masterpieces are displayed in the State Apartments.B. The Royal Collection Trust contributes to running a college.C. The maintenance of the Castle depends on the financial aid from the government.D. Part of the income from tourists to the Castle is used to maintain the fabric of the Castle.3. Where is this passage extracted?A. A tourist guideB. A news reportC. A history textbookD. A fashion magazine【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A【解析】【分析】本文是一则旅游广告。文章介绍了Windsor Castle/ the Upper Ward/ State Banquets和The State Apartments。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三个 State Banquets are held in St. Georges Hall (55.59metres), at a table seating up to 160 guests.可知，The State Banquets最多可容纳160名宾客。故选D。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据THE ROYAL COLLECTION中-a registered charity which uses part of the income to maintain the fabric of the Castle, and to run the College of St. George.“一个注册慈善机构，用部分收入来维护城堡的结构，并管理圣乔治学院。”可知，“城堡的维护依赖于政府的财政援助。”这一说法是错误的。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。通过文章可知，这里在介绍Windsor Castle/ the Upper Ward/ State Banquets和The State Apartments,由此推知这篇文章应该来自于一个旅游向导。故选A。【点睛】做推理判断题时，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第3小题，通过文章可知，这里在介绍Windsor Castle/ the Upper Ward/ State Banquets和The State Apartments,由此推知这篇文章应该来自于一个旅游向导。故选A。BI suddenly heard an elephant crying as though frightened. Looking down, I immediately recognized that something was wrong, and ran down to the edge of the near bank. There I saw Ma Shwe with her three-month-old calf (幼崽) struggling in the fast-rising water, and it was a life-and-death struggle. Her calf was floating and screaming with fear. Ma Shwe was as near to the far bank as she could get, holding her whole body against the rushing water, and keeping the calf pressed against her huge body. Every now and then the rushing water would sweep the calf away.There was a sudden rise in the water and the calf was washed clean over the mothers body and was gone. Ma Shwe turned quickly to reach it and pressed the calf with her head and trunk (象鼻) against the rocky bank. Then with a huge effort, she picked it up in her trunk and tried until she was able to place it on a narrow shelf of rock.Just at this moment she fell back into the river. If she were carried down, it would be certain death. I knew, as well as she did, that there was one spot where she could get up the bank, but it was on the other side from where she had put her calf.While I was wondering what I could do next, I heard the sound of a mothers love. Ma Shwe had crossed the river and got up the bank and was making her way back as fast as she could, roaring (吼叫) all the time, but to her calf it was music.4. The moment the author got down to the river bank he saw _,A. Ma Shwe was placing the calf on the rockB. Ma Shwe was holding the calf against the rushing waterC. the calf was washed away by the rising waterD. the calf was about to fall into the river5. How did Ma Shwe manage to save her calf from the fast-flowing water?A. By putting it on a safe spot.B. By pressing it against her body.C. By taking it away with her.D. By carrying it on her back.6. How did the calf feel about the mother elephants roaring?A. It was a musical note.B. It was a sign of danger.C. It was a call for help.D. It was a great comfort.7. What can be the best title for the text?A. A Deadly RiverB. A Matter of Life and DeathC. A Mothers LoveD. A Brave Act【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者目睹一头小象落入水中，象妈妈救起小象，母爱是很伟大的。【4题详解】细节题。根据第一段Ma Shwe was as near to the far bank as she could get，holding her whole body against the rushing water，and keeping the calf pressed against her huge body.可知，作者一到河边，就看见Ma Shwe抱着幼崽，迎着汹涌的河水。故选B。【5题详解】细节题。根据第二段Ma Shwe turned quickly to reach it and pressed the calf with her head and trunk (象鼻) against the rocky bank“Ma Shwe迅速转身去够它，用她的头和鼻子把幼崽压在岩石岸边”可知，Ma Shwe是通过把它放在安全的地方才把她的幼崽从湍急的水流中救出来的。故选A。【6题详解】推断题。根据最后一段Ma Shwe had crossed the river and got up the bank and was making her way back as fast as she could，roaring (吼叫) all the time，but to her calf it was music.可知，母象的吼叫对小象来说是极大的安慰。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据整个文章所反应在内容得知选，尤其是最后一段While I was wondering what I could do next, I heard the sound of a mothers love. Ma Shwe had crossed the river and got up the bank and was making her way back as fast as she could, roaring (吼叫) all the time, but to her calf it was music.“正当我在想下一步该怎么办时，我听到了母亲的爱的声音。Ma Shwe已经渡过了河，爬上了河岸，以最快的速度往回走，一直在吼叫，但对她的幼崽来说，这是音乐。”可知本文最佳主题是C项A Mothers Love“母爱”。故选C。CIts 3 oclock and youve been hard at work. As you sit at your desk, a strong desire for chocolate overcomes you. You try to busy yourself to make it go away. But it doesnt. Here is another situation. Perhaps you are not feeling well. The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken soup, like your mum used to make when you were sick as a child. Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal.Scientists at the website How Stuff Works compare hunger and cravings this way. Hunger is a fairly simple connection between the stomach and the brain. They even call it simply “stomach hunger”. When our stomachs burn up all of the food we have eaten, a hormone (激素) sends a message to one part of the brain for more food, which regulates our most basic body functions such as thirst, hunger and sleep. The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite and you eat. Hunger is a function of survival.A craving is more complex. It activates brain areas related to emotion, memory and reward. These are the same areas of the brain activated during drug-craving studies. Because of this, some scientists call food cravings “mind hunger”. People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar. Foods that are high in fat or high in sugar produce chemicals in the brain. These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure.In a 2020 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food cravings. So, the more you deny yourself a food that you want, the more you may crave it. However, fasting (禁食) is a bit different. They found that eating no food at all for a short period of time lessened food cravings.So, the next time you crave something very specific, know that your brain may be more to blame than your stomach.8. What is the function of the first paragraph?A. To deepen the understanding of hunger.B. To lead to the topic of the whole passage.C. To report the discovery of craving study.D. To remind readers of their own special food.9. What do we learn about food cravings?A. It means the stomach functions well.B. It ensures a person survives hunger.C. It shows food is linked to feelings.D. It proves the brain decides your appetite.10. Whats the likely result of dieting?A. The increase of food desire.B. The decrease of chemicals.C. The refusal of fat and sugar.D. The disappearance of appetite.11. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The findings of food cravings.B. What hunger is all about.C. The functions of brain areas.D. What dieting may bring us.【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. A【解析】本文主要谈论饮食冲动的研究结果。食物与感觉是有关系的，节食的结果会导致食欲的增加。【8题详解】B目的意图题。根据第一段最后一句Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal.可知，第一段是为了引出整篇文章的话题。故选B。【9题详解】C推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal.可知，食物与感觉是有关系的。故选C。【10题详解】A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句In a 2020 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving.可知，节食的结果会导致食欲的增加。故选A。【11题详解】A主旨大意题。根据最后一段So, the next time you crave something very specific, know that your brain may be more to blame than your stomach.可知，本文主要谈论饮食冲动的研究结果。DA build-it-yourself solar still (蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, its an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 55 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container perhaps just a drinking cup to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up and out the side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone (圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and wont have to break down the still every time you need a drink.12. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A. Its expensive.B. Its delicate.C. Its complex.D. Its portable.13. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. The tube.B. The hole.C. The still.D. The cup.14. Whats the last step of constructing a working solar still?A. Dig a hole of a certain size.B. Weight the sheets center down.C. Put the cup in place.D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.15. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from _.A. the plastic tubeB. outside the holeC. the open airD. beneath the sheet【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文，论述了自制蒸馏器的组成成分及工作程序。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话 These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.可知制作蒸馏器的东西可以叠放在一个小包里，系在腰间，这说明制作蒸馏器的设备很轻便，portable表示“轻便的；手提的”，故选D。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据 Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity 可知最好在潮湿的地方挖洞，以提高接水器的工作效率。“接水器”指的是在潮湿的地方挖洞，在洞的底部放一个杯 子，杯子上方用膜覆盖，整个装罝构成接水器，而不是某个部分。这一题很容易错选D，但是就算在干燥的地方挖洞，杯子也可以接水，杯子接水的事实并不会因为周围环境的变化而变化，杯子的工作效率是不变的。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段 Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock. 可知最后一步是 weighting the sheets center down with a rock(放一块石头在覆盖膜的中间，把它压下去)。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。结合第四段中的 Ground water evaporates (蒸发）and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup可知地下水蒸发，在覆盖膜上聚集起来，直到形成小水滴落在杯子里，覆盖膜是在杯子上面的，水滴落入杯子里，所以水滴是凝聚在覆盖膜的下面。故选D。第二节（共5小题，每小题3分， 满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Imagine that youre an actor or actress performing in a play for the first time. Youve learned all your lines and you know where to walk on stage. Waiting behind the closed curtain, you can hear the audience whispering. Then your big moment arrives! The curtain goes up, and the crowd falls silent. All you can see is the spotlight shining down on you. _16_ The inside of your mouth is dry, and your hands are wet.If youve experienced a moment like this, you know all too well what it means to have stage fright. Its one of the most common types of fear. _17_ You can experience this kind of fear when playing sports, giving a talk, or even speaking in class._18_ The experience differs from person to person, but the same chemical process occurs on each of us. In reaction to anxiety, our bodies produce a chemical that prepares us to either fight or run away quickly. Scientists refer to this as our bodies “fight for fright” reaction. As a result, we feel the great energy that makes our hands sweat, our hearts race and knees shake._19_ Practicing your performance and following some simple tips can help you calm down and manage the feelings caused by anxiety. Firstly, dress comfortably and appropriately. Secondly, before the performance, take deep breaths and stretch to help relax your body. Thirdly, stay away from drinks that contain caffeine (咖啡因). _20_ Instead, try a banana! Some doctors believe that eating a banana can help calm your heart and the rest of your body. Finally, when you look into a crowd, try to focus on particular people rather than the whole group. These tips have helped many people learn to deal with their fears.A. They might make your heart race even faster.B. Maybe you dont have to be onstage to get stage fright.C. Stage fright is really part of the bodys reaction to stress.D. With practice, we can learn how to relax while playing sports.E. Then you try to speak your lines, but nothing seems to come out.F. Theres a time when stage fright prevents you from stepping onstage.G. However, the good news about stage fright is that there are ways to deal with it.【答案】16. E 17. B18. C 19. G20. A【解析】怯场是人的常见恐惧之一，不一定在舞台上，其他场合也可能会怯场，本文对此提供了一些解决怯场的小建议。【16题详解】E根据前文：你上场了，聚光灯照在你身上，因此，你要开始表演了。再根据后文The inside of your mouth is dry, and your hands are wet.可知，你很紧张，故前面肯定是说什么都说不出来，故选E。【17题详解】B根据后文You can experience this kind of fear when playing sports, giving a talk, or even speaking in class.可知，不一定是在舞台上才会体会到怯场，在打比赛时，演讲时甚至是在班级讲话时，都会感受到这一恐惧，故选B。【18题详解】C本空是属于主题句。本段频繁出现关键词reaction，怯场只是身体对压力做出的反应，故选C。【19题详解】G本空属于主题句。根据后一句Practicing your performance and following some simple tips can help you calm down and manage the feelings caused by anxiety.可知，作者提出了有办法来让你镇静下来，解决你的怯场问题，故选G。【20题详解】A根据前一句stay away from drinks that contain caffeine(咖啡因).可知，咖啡因会让人更加兴奋，心跳更快，肯定不会镇静下来，故答案为A。第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分55分）第一节 完形填空（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出是和填入对应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。It was a Wednesday night. A middle-aged man came in for a tooth extraction (拔牙). He was sitting _21_ in the waiting hall when I took his blood pressure, which was _22_ at 160I was a little worried because we are not supposed to extract teeth from patients with high blood pressure. Understanding my _23_, he explained that he was just _24_. I led him to the dental chair, trying to calm him down.Most patients are a little nervous before treatment, so we normally _25_ with them to help them relax. I said, “Extraction can be scary, but we will try to make it less _26_.”He said, “No, you dont understand.” After a while, he _27_, “ My father died of heart attacks on the dental chair. And last week I was _28_ with cancer. So its hard for me to _29_.”1 was _30_. I tried hard to say something to _31_ him, but I failed and sank into silence.The doctor came in. He _32_ the patient and started to talk about the extraction. The patient, _33_, told his story. The doctor _34_ and said, “Okay, I see. Let me know if you dont feel well during the _35_.” He started the procedure, constantly asking the patient how he _36_. When we successfully pulled his tooth, I _37_ a sigh of relief.We doctors will meet different patients in our _38_. Sometimes they come with _39_ memories of treatment. What we can do is to try our best to help them.To be a doctor means serving patients with a _40_ heart.21. A. happilyB. excitedlyC. anxiouslyD. breathlessly22. A. highB. lowC. strongD. weak23. A. roleB. concernC. desireD. behavior24. A. curiousB. lonelyC. cautiousD. nervous25. A. speakB. informC. chatD. tell26. A. effortlessB. painlessC. unbearableD. uncomfortable27. A. addedB. explainedC. thoughtD. evaluated28. A. diagnosedB. checkedC. examinedD. infected29. A. cheer upB. come inC. set outD. calm down30. A. speechlessB. noiselessC. soundlessD. wordless31. A. encourageB. comfortC. motivateD. indicate32. A. welcom