高中定语从句详细解释

定语从句therelativeclause,定语,1.放在名词前,2.由单个的代词/数词/形容词/名词/-ing/-ed来充当,1.放在名词或代词后,2.由介词结构形容词-ing结构-ed结构todo结构句子来充当,前置定语,后置定语,定语,1.用来修饰某个名词或代词的成分,2.可以放在名词之前；也可以放在名词或代词之后,3.在翻译时通常带有一个“的”,定语从句,1.当定语成分由一个句子来充当时，这个句子就叫定语从句，即用一个句子去修饰另一个句子中的某个名词或代词,2.通常紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词后,ThisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyJ.K.Rowling,3.定语从句的必备两要素,ThisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyJ.K.Rowling,先行词（名词或代词）,关系词词/引导词（that/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why）,ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,先行词+定语从句（名词/代词）+（关系词其他成分）,关系词引导定语从句,起着连接主从句，指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。,Youaretherightmanwhomwearelookingfor.Ivespentallthemoneywhichwasgivenbymyparents.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheparty.Thisisthefactorywherethemachinesaremade.,找出定语从句；找出定语从句两要素,现在你认识定语从句了吗？,定语从句中的关系词,关系词：1.关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。2.关系副词，在宾语从句中作状语。,人,主宾,人,宾,人事物,主宾表,事物,主宾,人的事物的,时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,时间,地点,原因,定(后通常加名词或代词),关系代词:,1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.,3.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?,that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that/who/whom)Itoldyouabout.Heisthemanabout_Itoldyou.注意：介词提前时只能用which而不能用that。Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?,whom,whose在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。whose既可以指人，也可指物。Whose用来代替his，her，their，its.Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.DoyouknowthegirlwhosefatherdiedinIraq.,那么怎样把两个简单句组合成含有定语从句的复合句？,TheboyisTom.找出两句中相同部分，确定主句、先行词TheboyisTom.重复部分用关系词替换。先行词是boy，因此用关系代词who/that代替。TheboywhoissmilingisTom.,Theboyissmiling.,Practice,TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom.TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.TheboywhositsinfrontofmeisTom.,Practice,Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(who/whom/that)everyonelikesiskind.Thewomangotthejob.Wesawheronthestreet.Thewoman(who/whom/that)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.,关系词选择方法：还原法,把先行词还原到定语从句中去,看看是放在主语，宾语，表语还是状语的位置上，最终来确定引导词,例一：Thestudents_dontstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.,_dontstudyhard.,Thestudents,主语，而且指人,who/that,例二：Thewoman_yousawintheparkisourChineseteacher.,yousaw_inthepark.,thewoman,宾语，而且指人,(whom/who/that),注意：如果先行词还原到定语从句中，充当的是宾语,那么可以把引导词省略,Practice,3.Doyouknowtheboy_legwasbrokenwhenhefelloutofatree?4.Thisistheboy_sisterisafamoussinger.5.Theletter_Ireceivedyesterdayisfrommybrother.6.Thefilm_wesawlastnightwaswonderful.7.Theman_washereaminuteagoismyuncle.,whose,whose,(which/that),(which/that),who/that,8.Thetrain_wasgoingtoGuangdongwaslate.9.Thebook_heisreadingisveryinteresting.10.Theyllneverforgetthedays_theyspentinthecountryside.11.Theyllneverforgetthedays_theystudiedtogether.,which/that,(which/that),(which/that),when,关系代词的特殊情况,Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.,Ivereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.,Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.,Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.,(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。,(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。,（一）只能用that不能用which的情况,(5)先行词指人又指事物,Theytalkedaboutthepeopleandthings(that)theymetatcollege.,（二）只能用which不能用that的情况,(1)非限定性定语从句，即有逗号隔开的定语从句,ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichwas200kmaway.,(2)以介词开头的定语从句,即介词前置的定语从句,Thisistheroom_ChairmanMaooncelivedin.Thisistheroomin_ChairmanMaooncelived.,(which/that),which,(3)代表前面整句话,Hepassedtheexam,whichsurprisedeveryoneinourclass.,（三）定语从句中只用who,不用that的情况1.先行词是one,ones或anyone时;先行词为those或被those修饰，指人时1).Onewhodoesnotworkhardwillneversucceed.2).Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.3).SheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeentotheUSA.4).Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.2.在以therebe的句子中，先行词为人时Thereisamanoutsidewhowantstoseeyou.,3.当定语从句中又有定语从句,且先行项都为人时Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshard.4.当指人的先行项被一些指物的名词修饰时TheresonlyonestudentintheschoolwhoIwanttosee.Doyouknowthewomaninbluewithababyonherbackwhoisworkinginthefields?5.在非限制性定语从句中指人Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromAmerica.6.定语从句中有插入语时,且先行项为人时JacksonisamanwhoIbelieveishonest,(四）学习关系代词whose引导的定语从句,关系代词whose表示“的”，是关系代词who、which的所有格，因此既可指人，也可指物。在从句中，whose作定语修饰名词，被修饰词可以是从句的主语、宾语或介词宾语。HeistheboywhosepenIborrowedyesterday.Theycleanedthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.Thegentleman,withwhosedaughterIworked,lookeddownuponwomen.,whose+名词引导定语从句等于the+名词+ofwhich/whom或者ofwhich/whom+the+名词引导定语从句HeistheboywhosepenIborrowedyesterday.改成：HeistheboythepenofwhomIborrowedyesterday.HeistheboyofwhomthepenIborrowedyesterday.Theycleanedthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.改成：Theycleanedthehousethewindowsofwhichfacesouth.Theycleanedthehouseofwhichthewindowsfacesouth.,when,where,why引导的定语从句,初步感知,1.ThemineswhereIworkedwere9kmfrommyhome.,2.ThereasonwhyIgotajobwasbecauseofmyhardwork.,3.ThetimewhenIjoinedtheANCwasthe5thofAugust.,4.Thegovernmentbuildingwherewevotedwasverytall.,5.ThedatewhenIarrivedwaslateatnight.,1.Themines_Iworkedwere9kmfrommyhome.2.Thereason_Igotajobwasbecauseofmyhardwork.3.Thetime_IjoinedtheANCwasthe5thofAugust.4.Thegovernmentbuilding_wevotedwasverytall.5.Thedate_Iarrivedwaslateatnight,如何来确定引导词?,如何来确定引导词?,方法一：根据先行词,方法二：还原法(把先行词还原到定语从句中去),例一：Themines_Iworkedwere9kmfrommyhome.,Iworked_.,inthemines,地点状语,where/inwhich,例二：Thereason_Igotajobwasbecauseofmyhardwork.,Igotajob_.,forthereason,原因状语,why/forwhich,例三：ThetimeIjoinedtheANCwasthe5thofAugust.,IjoinedtheANC_.,atthetime,时间状语,when/atwhich,例四：Thegovernmentbuildingwevotedwasverytall.,Wevoted_.,inthebuilding,地点状语,where/inwhich,例五：ThedateIarrivedwaslateatnight.,Iarrived_.,onthedate,时间状语,when/onwhich,Thetime_IfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.Theschool_Istudiedforonlytwoyearswas3kmaway.Theday_NelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.Thepartsoftown_theyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.Theplaces_theyweresenttolivewerethepoorestpartsofSouthAfrica.,Practice,when/atwhich,where/inwhich,when/onwhich,where/inwhich,where/inwhich,1.AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when2.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesepeoplethisyear,_forthefirsttimetheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when,D,B,Illneverforgettheday_weworkedtogether.,when/onwhich,Illneverforgettheday_wespenthappilytogether.,which/that,比较,Weworkedtogetherontheday.,Wespentthedayhappilytogether.,Iwillalwaysrememberthehours_welivedtogether.Iwillalwaysrememberthehours_wespenttogether.,2.Canyoustillthinkofthevillage_heonceworked?Canyoustillthinkofthevillage_heoncevisited?,when/inwhich,(which/that),where/inwhich,(which/that),总结,1.引导词的确定必须用还原法2.先行词还原后如果在它前面要加上一个介词，那么说明它在定语从句中充当状语，通常用“when/where/why”来引导3.“when/where/why”通常可以替换成“介词which”(仅限于定语从句中)4.如果先行词是表示“时间/地点/原因”的词,引导词并不一定是“when/where/why”，也有可能是“which/that”，如果定语从句的谓语动词,是及物动词，且没有带宾语，说明句子成分不完整，这时只能选用关系代词；如果定语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词，说明句子完整，这时选用关系副词,介词加关系代词(which/whom)引导的定语从句,1.MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.2.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichIwasgrateful.3.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.4.Itwasaprisonfromwhichnooneescaped.5.Heisamanofgreatexperience,fromwhommuchcanbelearned.6.Chapin,forwhommoneywasnownoproblem,startanewfilmcompanywithhisfriends.7.Antarctica,aboutwhichweknowverylittle,iscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.,介词前置的定语从句,1.考点一：引导词which,whom2.考点二：介词的确定,方法：还原法先行词还原到定语从句中去,看看它与定语从句之间需要哪个介词来连接,例一：Mandelawastheblacklawyer_whomIwentforadvice.,_whomIwentforadvice.,Iwent_Mandelaforadvice.,to,to,例二：Itwasaprison_whichnooneescaped.,_whichnooneescaped.,Nooneescaped_theprison.,from,from,Canyouworkthemout?,1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,_whichwecantlive.2.Thestudent_whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.Illneverforgettheday_whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason_whichhehasntturnedupyet?,for,about,on,without,Lookout!Dontgettooclosetothehouse_roofisunderrepair.A.whichB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich,the,综合练习,1.Imusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwellneverforget.,_,(去掉),which,_,to,theone,5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.6.Imgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.7.ThosethathaventbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.8.Idontlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.,in,when,_,who,_,(that/which),9.ThisisthelasttimewhenIvegivenyoulessons.10.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.11.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.12.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.,_,that,_,that,_,why,it,_,13.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedown