高二英语 Unit 21 Body language

高二英语 Unit 21 Body language目标导引.单词及短语vary,focus,give sb.a hand,get through,occur,avoid.语法分词作定语内容精讲.单词及短语精讲1.vary v.存在不同之处，变化;名词为：variety变化，多样化;形容词为:variouse.g.Opinions on this matter vary. 在这个问题上意见很不一致。The price varies according to the season. 价格随季节而变化。She didnt like the work because it lacked variety;she was doing the samething all the time.她不喜欢这份工作，因为它缺乏多样性；她总在做同样的事情。Everyone arrived late at the party,for a variety of (或for various)reasons.因为各种各样的原因，大家都来晚了。2.contact n.&v.同(某人)联系，接触e.g.Have you contacted the childs parents？你同孩子的父母联系了吗？For further information，contact your local agent. 要了解进一步情况，请跟本地代理商联系。They avoid eye contact all evening. 他们整晚都避免看对方。表示联系的词组：与取得联系 make contact with;get in touch with同有联系be in contact(或touch)with同失去联系lose contact(或touch)with3.bend v.(使)弯曲，弯腰，俯身;形容词为：bent 弯曲的。e.g.He bent the iron bar as if it had been made of rubber.他把铁棒弄弯了，就好像它是用橡胶做的似的。This wire bends easily. 这根金属线易弯。The nurse bent down and kissed the child.护士弯下身子，亲了亲小孩。The doctor bent over the sick child.医生俯身看那个病童。They refuse to bend to the hijackers demands.他们拒绝屈从于劫机者的需求。(bend to 向屈服)4.opposite n.& adj.& prep. 相反的人(事物)(of);相反的，对面的(to)在的对面 动词为：oppose 反对(doing)的名词为：opposition 反对e.g.Black is the opposite of white. 与白色相反的是黑色。He lives opposite me (或to me) .他住在我对面。I live in the house opposite the station.我住在火车站的对面。The president opposes giving military aid to this country.总统拒绝向该国提供军事援助。There was a lof of opposition to the new road.许多人反对建新公路。5.focus n.&v. 焦点，中心；(使)集中(注意力)于(on)e.g.He always wants to be the focus of attention.他总是想成为受注意的焦点。All eyes were focused on him.大家的眼光都注视着他。Focus your attention on your work.把注意力集中在你的工作上。Today were going to focus on the question of homeless people.今天我们集中讨论露宿者的问题。其他与attention搭配的动词还有：focus(或fix)ones attention on 把注意力集中在上pay attention to 注意catch/draw/call/attract ones attention 吸引某人的注意力.句子精讲6.You are late for a flight and you want to go ahead of the queue.你要赶不上你的航班了，所以你想走到队伍前头。go ahead 走在前面，先走；开始e.g.You go ahead;well catch up with you later.你先走，我们随后就赶上来。“Do you mind if I smoke?”“Go ahead.” “我抽烟行吗？” “请吧”。Go 所构成的短语还有：(1)go after 追求；追(捕)e.g.The dogs went after the wounded deer. 狗追受伤的鹿。(2)go against 违反；违背e.g.She went against her mothers wishes.她违背了妈妈的意愿。(3)go down 下降；降低 反义词为：go up 上升；上涨e.g.The value of the dollar has gone down. 美元又贬值了。(4)go in for 参加；喜欢e.g.I dont go in for sports. 我不喜欢体育运动。(5)go through 经历e.g.The country has gone through too many wars.这个国家经历了太多的战争。(6)go without 没有(供享用)e.g.She went without sleep for 5 days. 她五天没睡觉。(7)go off 爆炸；(食物)变坏；(电器)熄灭，中断e.g.Dont touch that bomb;it might go off.别碰那个炸弹，它会爆炸。This milk has gone off. 牛奶酸了。(8)go out (火)熄灭e.g.The fire went out at last. 最后火灭了。7.Could you give me a hand with this?give(lend)a hand 帮助某人hand 作为名词构成的短语还有：(1)at hand 就要来了；不远了e.g.The examinations are at hand. 就要考试了。(2)by hand 手工(做的)；送来的(不是寄来的)e.g.My shoes were made by hand. 我的鞋是手工制造的。(3)hand in hand 手牵手；密切相联地e.g.War and suffering go hand in hand.=war goes hand in hand with suffering.战争与苦难密切相联。(4)have a hand in 参与；插手e.g.Each of them had a hand in the matter.他们每个人都参与这件事了。(5)on the other hand (可是)另一方面e.g.He is clever，but on the other hand,he makes many mistakes.他很聪明，但另一方面，他犯了许多错误。hand 作为动词用法：(1)hand down 传给(后代)e.g.These diamonds had been handed down in his family for generations.这些钻石在他家里已经传了好几代了。(2)hand on 传给另一人(表示依次传递)e.g.The news was handed on from one person to another.这个消息从一个人传到另一个人。(3)hand in 上交 反义词：hand out 分发e.g.Each student has to hand in a composition once a week.每个学生一周得交一篇作文。Santa Claus hands out the presents to kids.圣诞老人把礼物分给孩子们。8.There are also differences in how often we touch each other,how close we stand to someone we are talking to,and how we act when we meet or part.我们碰触对方的频率，我们与和我们谈话的人之间的距离，我们见面与分手时的表现方式，这些都有不同。close to 靠近；接近于，差不多(to是介词)e.g.The cost was close to $ 1 million.成本接近100万美元。He came close to losing his temper.他差一点发脾气。to 为介词的词组还有：be/get used to 习惯于be opposed to 反对object to 反对be devoted to 献身于stick to 坚持get down to开始着手做lead to 导致look forward to 期盼pay attention to 注意see to 处理，照料be up to 忙于，从事e.g.Im looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.我期待尽快收到你的信。He sticks to writing his novel in spite of his illness.尽管病了，他还坚持写小说。9.A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.微笑可以帮助我们度过困难，在陌生人中找到知己。get through 度过(时间等)；通过(考试)；(给)接通电话；用完，吃完，做完e.g.I got through everything except biology.除了生物，我其他科都及格了。I tried to telephone you but I couldnt get through.我试着给你打电话，但没打通。Have you got through(with)your work?你做完工作了吗？get构成的其他短语还有：(1)get up起床；站起身e.g.Everyone got up when the judge came in.当法官进来的时候，大家都站了进来。(2)get together 聚会e.g.When can we get together for a drink?我们什么时候聚一聚喝一杯啊？(3)get out of 逃避(责任)e.g.you cant get out of paying your debt.你不能逃避还债。(4)get rid of 摆脱，除掉；处理掉e.g.Ive tried all sorts of medicines to get rid of this cold.为治好感冒，我试了各种药。How can I get rid of all the flies in the kitchen?我怎样才能消灭掉厨房的苍蝇？(5)get along/on 进展；相处e.g.How are you getting along with your English studies?你英语学得怎样了？(6)get down 取下来；吃下去；记下来e.g.Get down every word she says.记下她说的每一个字。(7)get down to 开始着手做e.g.Its hard to get down to work after a nice holiday.假期过后，很难一下子认真投入工作。10.A smile can open doors and tear down walls,and it can be used to express almost any emotion.微笑可以开启大门、拆毁墙壁，它还可以被用来表达各种情感。be used to do 被用来做比较：be used to doing 习惯于做used to do 过去曾经/常常做e.g.I used to get up at nine in the morning,but now Im used to getting up early.我过去常常早上九点钟才起床，但是现在我习惯于早起。类似这种又可以接to do 又可以接doing,但两者意思却不相同的词语还有：(1)remember/forget to do 记得/忘记做(没做);remember/forget doing 记得/忘记做过(做了)(2)regret to do 遗憾/抱歉(得做);regret doing 后悔做过(3)go on/stop to do 继续/停下来做(另一件事);go on/stop doing 继续/停止做(同一件事)(4)try to do 努力；试图(表目的);try doing 尝试；试一试(表方法)(5)mean to do 打算做;mean doing 意味着(6)cant help (to)do 不能帮助做;cant help doing 禁不住e.g.He regretted to say that he couldnt stay here any more.他很抱歉说他得走了。He regretted buying these books.他后悔买了这些书。e.g.He means to go to university,but going to college means working very very hard.他打算上大学，但上大学意味着他需要非常非常努力。11.Put numbers next to all the things in the order they occurred.按事情发生的顺序，在其旁边标上数字。occur 发生；存在；(某想法)出现在脑海中，(to sb.)e.g.Many accidents occur in the house.许多事故是发生在家里的。Misprints occur on every page.每页都有印刷错误。It suddenly occurred to me that we could use a computer.我突然想到我们可以用计算机。其他表示“发生”的词语还有：(1)happen 与occur表示偶然发生的事情e.g.When did the explosion happen/occur？爆炸什么时候发生的？(2)take place 指经过安排的事情的发生e.g.When will the wedding take place？ 婚礼什么时候举行？(3)break out 指不愉快的事情突然发生e.g.A fire/war broke out.发生了大火/战争爆发了。.语法精讲12.分词做定语(1)分词或分词短语在句中作定语，在意思上和一个定语从句差不多。e.g.There are a lot of boys on the sports ground playing(=who are playing)football.运动场上有很多男孩在踢足球。This village is made up of 490 families belonging(=which belong)to five nationalities.这个村子有四百九十户人家，分属五个民族。Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed(=who was dressed)in green.突然出现一个穿绿色衣服的女青年。Theyre problems left (=which have been left)over by history.这些是历史遗留下来的问题。(2)分词作定语修饰名词，由被修饰的名词决定应用现在分词还是用过去分词。e.g.Whats the language spoken in that country (speak 的分词修饰language)这个国家讲得是什么语言？Are there many English-speaking countries in the world? (speak的分词修饰countries)世界上有许多说英语的国家吗？Heres a leaflet giving full details of the plan.(give的分词修饰leaflet)这里有一张介绍这计划全部细节的传单。The concert given by our orchestra was a great success.(give的分词修饰concert)我们交响乐团的音乐会很成功。(3)现在分词作定语时，分词表示正在进行的动作。e.g.Did you see the man talking (=who was talking)to the dean?和系主任谈话的那个人你看到了吗？Tell the children playing(=who are playing)there not to make so much noise.让那些在那儿玩的小孩别这么吵。分词也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。e.g.They live in a room facing (=that faces)to the south.他们住在一间朝南的房间里。The factory making (=that makes)these pencils is a small one.制造这种铅笔的是一个小厂。(4)过去分词作定语时，分词表示的动作发生在谓语所表示的动作之前，或表示状态。e.g.A letter posted (=that was posted)today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.今天发的信或许后天他能接到。I hate to see letters written in pencil.我讨厌看铅笔写的信。如果分词表示的动作当时正在发生，可以用being done 做定语。e.g.He told us to keep a secret of the things being discussed.他让我们对讨论的事保密。That building being repaired is our library.正在翻修的那座楼是我们的图书馆。如果要表示一个未来的动作，可以用一个不定式的被动形式作定语。e.g.You are invited to a party to be given (=which will be given)at 7:30 p.m.Dec 2.十二月二日晚七时半举行晚会，敬请参加。迁移发散13.Would you mind/Do you mind？ 句型此句型用于提出请求，接if从句或动名词。e.g.Do you mind if I smoke in the office？我在办公室抽烟可以吗？=Do you mind my(或me)smoking in the office ？回答时，如表示“反对”，若用“Yes,I do.”则显得不太客气，因此一般说Id rather you didnt.或Youd better not.或Im afraid you cant.表示“同意”时，可用Certainly(not)或No,go ahead.或Not at all.或No,I dont.e.g.Do you mind taking the box downstairs now？你现在把这个盒子搬下楼好吗？Certainly not.(=Not at all.)/Sorry,but Im not free at the moment.当然可以。/对不起，我现在没空。注意：Would you mind if 句型中，if从句通常用一般过去时。e.g.Would you mind if I smoked in the office？类似句型还有：(1)would rather + 句子 宁愿某人做e.g.I would rather he visited us today.我宁愿他今天来看我们。I would rather he had visited us yesterday.我宁愿他昨天来看过我们。(2)wish + 句子 希望，但愿e.g.I wish they were here now.我希望他们现在在这。I wish they hadnt come yesterday.我希望他们昨天没来过。(3)Its time + 句子 该，是做的时候了e.g.Its time that we got up.我们该起床了。过关题How I wish every family_a large house with a beautiful garden!A.has B.hadC.will have D.had had答案： B过关题Shall I come in？Id rather you_.A.didntB.dontC.wont D.wouldnt答案： A14.order v.&n.点菜；订购；命令e.g.Are you ready to order,sir？先生，你可以点菜了吗？=Can I take your order now？e.g.Our school has ordered (或has placed an order for )some new types of computer.我们学校订购了几台新款电脑。e.g.The doctor ordered her patient to take a months rest.医生吩咐病人休息一个月。=The doctor ordered that her patient(should)take a months rest.order 表命令时从句用should do,should 可以省略。类似动词还有：(1)要求：require,demand,request,insist(2)建议：suggest, advise,propose过关题The doctor insisted that he_seriously ill and that he_operated on immediately.A.be;should beB.was ; beC.was;must be D.should be;should be答案：B过关题It is my suggestion that the plan_ carried out.A.will not beB.must not beC.not beD.be not答案：C15.avoid v.避开，避免e.g.To avoid the city center,turn right here.如果要避开市中心，请在这里向右拐。He tried to avoid answering my question.他试图避而不答我的问题。avoid 接动词时，只能接doing。类似动词还有：admit (承认)，enjoy(喜欢)，escape(避开),imagine(想象),suggest(建议),mind(介意),keep(保持),finish(完成),practise(练习),risk(冒的危险),delay(耽搁),excuse(原谅),miss(错过),appreciate(感激)过关题The squirrel was lucky that it just missed_.A.catchingB.to be caughtC.being caughtD.to catch答案：C过关题I would appreciate_back this afternoon.A.you to callB.you callC.your calling D.youre calling答案：C过关题Do you mind_alone at home？A.Jane leaving B.Jane having leftC.Janes being left D.Jane to be left答案：C16.offer(主动) 提供offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.e.g.He offered me a job in his company.他在他的公司给我提供了一份工作。其他表示提供的词的用法：(1)supply(提供所需具体的物品)supply sth. to sb.=provide sb. with sth.(2)provide(有免费供给的含义)provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth.e.g.The parents provide food and education for the children.父母向孩子们提供食物及教育。过关题His father died and_him a lot of money.A.giveB.leftC.sentD.offered答案：B课文背景阅读Experts suggest that non-verbal body language has five main components.They are:Tone and Pitch of VoiceEye contactPostureGesturesUse of spaceThese qualities can be subtle,culture specific and positive or negative depending on the circumstance.Here are some suggestions for sending consistent and positive non-verbal messages:1.In Western culturesmake eye contact with both men and women or you may be perceived as dishonest.2.“Talk” is made more powerful by animation so try to use appropriate gestures when you are speaking.Repetitive gestures are sometimes seen as comical or deliberate so practice matching your gestures with speech so they seem natural.3.Posture is a very good indicator of confidence.It is best to stand rather than sit.Keep weigh on both legs rather than rock back and forth or lean to one side.Keep your chin upwards and face forward.Be careful not to look rigid and remember to breathe.4.Be respectful to peoples personal space.Crowding or pushing others is considered aggressive and arrogant.Its like interrupting with your body.5.Try to maintain your composure while speaking.Regardless of the content,speaking too quickly or too slowly in a high,uncontrolled pitch tells people you are nervous.课后训练一、单项选择1.We both strongly_your going to Iraq at this time of the war.Its not a wise decision.A.enjoy B.opposeC.appreciateD.insist2.We happen to be of_ age,and we all go in for_American football.A.the same;the B.不填；不填C.an;不填D.an;the3.I know I shouldnt accept anything from such a person,but I found it difficult to turn down his_.A.planB.offerC.suggestionD.request4.She shouldnt have done that sort of thing.Whatever she did was reasonable,_to what you had done.Besides,its none of your business.Get down to_your lessons.A.comparing;doingB.comparing;doC.compared;doingD.compared;do5.“Bill,keep the things_here secret,will you？”said the manager after the meeting.A.discussedB.being discussedC.to be discussedD.having been discussed6.Which do you enjoy_your spare time,playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park?A.spendingB.to spendC.having spentD.to have spent7.A library with ten thousand books and novels_to the nation as a gift.A.is offeredB.has offeredC.are offeredD.have offered8.The housework is too much for me,Jack.Sorry,but I cant help it,Joan.Ive got something important to do,you know.A.doB.doingC.to be doingD.having done9._you mind if I opened the window?A.DoB.WouldC.couldD.Did10.That would mean_much more money.Really?I dont mean_any more money.A.wasting;wastingB.to waste;to wasteC.to waste;wastingD.wasting;to waste11.People often want to know what my job is.Often I_that question.A.askB.am askingC.get askedD.get asking12.You are doing it in a wrong way.It_this way.A.used to doB.is used to doingC.used to be done D.is used to do13.Car 17 won the race.Yes,but its driver came close to_.A.have been killedB.being killedC.be killedD.killed14.Isnt it about time you_to do morning exercises?Yes,it is.Would you like to join us?A.beginB.have begunC.begunD.began15.The wonderful time they have been looking forward to_finally arrived.A.hasB.hadC.haveD.having16.The picture_on the wall is painted by my nephew.A.having hung B.hangingC.hangsD.being hung17.Will those_the children from abroad come to the headmasters office?A.teachingB.teachC.who teachesD.who teaching18.Most of us have already known the problems_at the meeting which will be held tomorrow afternoon.A.to discussB.being discussedC.to be discussedD.discussed19.The building_in your school is for us teachers though there is noise most of the day,we still feel happy.A.builtB.to be builtC.buildingD.being built20.No computer so far_canhave the same ability as human brains.A.be builtB.having builtC.being builtD.built21.Henry cant attend the party_at Toms house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party_at Maries house tomorrow.A.held;being held B.to be held;to be heldC.to be held;held D.being held;to be held22.As soon as they entered the room,the girl caught sight of the flowers_ by her mother.A.buyingB.to buyC.being boughtD.bought23.The Yellow River,_to be“the mother river”,runs across China like a huge dragon.A.sayingB.to sayC.saidD.being said24.The plan_for the trip is very important.I see,but he is sure to work it out on time.A.madeB.to be madeC.makingD.has been made25.Look!How busy the building workers are!Yes,I see.The houses_by them will be completed next week.A.builtB.being builtC.to buildD.to be built26.There was a terrible noise_the sudden burst of light.A.followedB.followingC.to be followedD.being followed27.Most of the artists_to the party were from South America.A.invitedB.to inviteC.being invitedD.has being invited28.The computer Center,_last year,is very popular among the students in this school.A.openB.openingC.having openedD.opened29.The first textbooks_for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having writtenB.to be writtenC.being writtenD.written30.The wolf said in a_voice and the scholar felt_.A.frightening;frightenedB.frightened;frightenedC.frightened;frighteningD.frightening;frightening二、完形填空The great ship,the Titanic,sailed for New York from Southampton on April,10th 1912.She was 1 1316 passengers and a crew(航员)of 891.At that time,however,she wa